Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

pirana

Semantic Field: flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: piraña, caribe
Meaning Portuguese: piranha

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Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Hypernym	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	Medicinal Notes	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Psychotropic Notes	Traded	Trade Notes	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous	Ethnobiology Notes	Species Notes	General Notes

Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Source	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Traded	Distribution	Dangerous	General Notes
Achagua	subfamily Serrasalmidae	múwa	múwa		inheritance								See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Aguaruna	subfamily Serrasalmidae	páni	páni		loan (into protolg?), direction unknown		Candoshi						See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Apalai	subfamily Serrasalmidae	pone	pone		inheritance								See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Ashuar	subfamily Serrasalmidae	páni, wapésha pani, wapúk pani	pani, wapɯʃa pani, wapuk pani										See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Baniwa	subfamily Serrasalmidae	ómai	ómai		inheritance	Proto-Arawak (North and South)			uncoded				See Language page	0	1		0				0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no [not in this region]
Barasano	subfamily Serrasalmidae	bũjṹ	bũjṹ										See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Bará	subfamily Serrasalmidae		bɨ'ɨ́										See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Bora	subfamily Serrasalmidae	níjtyajɨ (T98)	níxtjaxɨ		inheritance								See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Candoshi-Shapra	subfamily Serrasalmidae	pánĩ	pánĩ		loan, direction unknown		Jivaroan						See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Carapana	subfamily Serrasalmidae	bʉʉ	bɨ́ɨ́										See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Carijona	subfamily Serrasalmidae	hǝni	hɯɯ’ne (H&R)		inheritance	Northern Carib? (Eñepa, Carijona, Mapoyo)							See Language page	0	1		0				0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no [not in this region]
Chácobo	subfamily Serrasalmidae	makɨ	makɨ		inheritance								See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Cofán	subfamily Serrasalmidae	loro	loro										See Language page										Widespread Amazonia		phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Cubeo	subfamily Serrasalmidae	muñubo, tãchimuñurʉ	muɲubo, tãtʃimuɲulʉ, bũ'jṹ-bo (H&R)		inheritance	Proto-Tukanoan		Also tãtʃimuɲulʉ,	uncoded				See Language page	0	1		0				0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no [not in this region]
Cuiva	subfamily Serrasalmidae		kówarabo										See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Desano	subfamily Serrasalmidae	bũ'jṹ	bũ'jṹ		inheritance	Proto-Tukanoan			uncoded				See Language page	0	1		0				0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no [not in this region]
Djeoromitxi	subfamily Serrasalmidae	minõrürü	minõrørø										See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Dâw	subfamily Serrasalmidae	pũm	pũm		loan		possibly Warekena pa:ruma		missing				See Language page	0	1		0				0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no [not in this region]
Eñepa	subfamily Serrasalmidae	piñë (MM)	piɲǝ (MM)		inheritance	Northern Carib? (Eñepa, Carijona, Mapoyo)							See Language page	0	1		0				0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no [not in this region]
Guayabero	subfamily Serrasalmidae	leʔ	leʔ		unique				uncoded				See Language page	0	1		0				0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no [not in this region]
Hodï	subfamily Serrasalmidae	jkwaejle mojto			unique				uncoded				See Language page	0	1		0				0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no [not in this region]
Huambisa	subfamily Serrasalmidae	paani	pa:ni										See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Hup	subfamily Serrasalmidae	ʔɨ́t	ʔɨ́t		unique				underived				See Language page	0	1	valued food source	0	fished	mostly men	boiled or smoked	0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no [not in this region]
Iquito	subfamily Serrasalmidae	nɨyári (general term)	nɨjári (general term)		unknown								See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Kabiyari	subfamily Serrasalmidae	máa	máa										See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Kakua	subfamily Serrasalmidae		~dǎt		inheritance				underived				See Language page	0	1		0				0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no [not in this region]
Kamayurá	subfamily Serrasalmidae	ipirãj	ipirãj		inheritance								See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Kanamarí		im	im	piranha (peixe)									Magalhães 2018:357
Kariña	subfamily Serrasalmidae	morokoto	morokoto	fish sp.									Courtz 2007:319										Widespread Amazonia	no [not in this region]
Karitiana	subfamily Serrasalmidae	isõnhõ	isõɲõ		unknown								See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Koreguaje	subfamily Serrasalmidae	puñu	puɲu		inheritance								See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Kotiria	subfamily Serrasalmidae	bʉ'ʉ	bʉʔʉ, bɨ'ʔɨ (H&R)		inheritance	East Tukanoan, Branch II			uncoded				See Language page	0	1		0				0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no [not in this region]
Kwazá	subfamily Serrasalmidae	eri	eri										See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Macaguan	subfamily Serrasalmidae	kuwár	kuwáɾ		inheritance			see also Chocó kʰiɾaɾ	uncoded				See Language page	0	1		0				0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no [not in this region]
Maihiki	subfamily Serrasalmidae	uji aco ago	uxi ako ago, ũhĩ ako (H&R)		unique			H&R have ũhĩ ako	uncoded		ago	ago = feminine animate	See Language page	0	1		0				0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no [not in this region]
Makiritare	subfamily Serrasalmidae	ka:'shai (KH)	ka:ʔʃai		unique								See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Makuna	subfamily Serrasalmidae	bũjũ-gã	bũjũ-gã		inheritance								See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Mandawaka	subfamily Serrasalmidae	umáːi	umáːi										See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Mapoyo	subfamily Serrasalmidae	pEnE	pənə										See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Matses	subfamily Serrasalmidae	maquë	makɨ		inheritance								See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Minica Witoto	subfamily Serrasalmidae	ïmḯŋo	ɯmɯ́ŋo										See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Muinane	subfamily Serrasalmidae	gáíkku-xe, nítta	gáíkku-xe, nítta										See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Murui Witoto	subfamily Serrasalmidae	ïmïño	ɯmɯɲo		loan		Tukanoan, e.g. Tanimuca bũ'jũ						See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Nadëb/Roçado dialect	subfamily Serrasalmidae		amaaj (Senn/Martins dict)		loan		North Arawak, e.g. Baniwa ómai						See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Nheengatu	subfamily Serrasalmidae	piraya (pira=fish, ya,aya=tooth)	piɾaja (pira=fish, ya,aya=tooth)		inheritance	Proto-Tupi-Guarani		Reconstructed PTG Mello 2000	Other complex	pira=fish, ya'aya=tooth			See Language page	0	1		0				0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no [not in this region]
Ninam	subfamily Serrasalmidae	arahaw (gom)	aɾahaw (gom)		unique				uncoded				See Language page	0	1		0				0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no [not in this region]
Northern Emberá	subfamily Serrasalmidae		tʰoá (H&R)										See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Nukak	subfamily Serrasalmidae	ʔԑʔ4 ni4 (H&R); dãt (Cabrera et al)			inheritance				uncoded				See Language page	0	1		0				0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no [not in this region]
Nɨpode Witoto	subfamily Serrasalmidae	térobeño	tέrobɛɲo										See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Ocaina	subfamily Serrasalmidae	dyohyoohxo	dʲoʔjooʔxo		unique								See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Piapoco	subfamily Serrasalmidae	uma[i] (dp91), umái	uma[i] (dp91), umái										See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Piaroa	subfamily Serrasalmidae	kari'be', ma'buɨh	kariɁbeɁ, maɁbuɨh		doubtful loan		possibly from karib						See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Playero	subfamily Serrasalmidae		wákar-to										See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Puinave	subfamily Serrasalmidae		sarapata, i (H&R)		loan		maybe Arawak; cf. Paumari sinapati						See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Pumé	subfamily Serrasalmidae	apéi (Lin97)											See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Resígaro	subfamily Serrasalmidae	mepókó	mepókó		unknown		may be loan?		uncoded				See Language page	0	1		0				0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no [not in this region]
Secoya	subfamily Serrasalmidae		põ'jũ										See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Sikuani	subfamily Serrasalmidae	kawara (2), kowara (2), kowora(2)	kowára-bo		inheritance				uncoded				See Language page	0	1		0				0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no [not in this region]
Siona	subfamily Serrasalmidae	buñu	buɲu		inheritance								See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Siriano	subfamily Serrasalmidae	iquíámʉ́	ikíámɨ́, bũ'jṹ (H&R)										See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Sirionó	subfamily Serrasalmidae	sẽɨe (P85)	sẽɨe		unknown								See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Southern Pastaza Quechua	subfamily Serrasalmidae	paña	paɲa										See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Sáliva	subfamily Serrasalmidae	maliwana	maliwana		doubtful loan		possibly from Arawak/Carib malije 'knife'; see other terms based on 'knife'/'spear', Waimiri Atroari marɨma						See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Tanimuca	subfamily Serrasalmidae	bũ'dyũã	bũ'ʎũã		inheritance								See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Tariana	subfamily Serrasalmidae	uʔumá[i] (dp91)	uʔumá[i] (dp91)		inheritance	Proto-Arawak (North and South)			uncoded				See Language page	0	1		0				0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no [not in this region]
Tatuyo	subfamily Serrasalmidae	bɨ́ɨ́	bɨ́ɨ́										See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Taushiro	subfamily Serrasalmidae	antiva	antiwa										See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Tikuna	subfamily Serrasalmidae	utchúma (Alv44)	utʃúma		unknown		cf. Arawak uma						See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Tiriyó	subfamily Serrasalmidae	pəne	pəne		inheritance								See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Trinitario	subfamily Serrasalmidae		ʔrumo										See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Tukano	subfamily Serrasalmidae	bɨ'ɨ̂	bɨ'ɨ̂, bɨʔɨ́		inheritance	East Tukanoan, Branch II			uncoded				See Language page	0	1		0				0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no [not in this region]
Tuyuka	subfamily Serrasalmidae	bɨ'ɨ́	bɨ'ɨ́										See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Urarina	subfamily Serrasalmidae	abe	abe		doubtful loan		cf. Pumé apéi, Baniwa ómai						See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Waikhana	subfamily Serrasalmidae	bɨ'ʔɨ	bɨ'ʔɨ										See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Waimaja	subfamily Serrasalmidae	bɨ̃́	bɨ̃́										See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Waimiri Atroari	subfamily Serrasalmidae	maryma	marɨma										See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Warao	subfamily Serrasalmidae	ehe	ehe										See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Wari	subfamily Serrasalmidae	pita (Sousa2009)	pita (Sousa2009)										See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Wayampi	subfamily Serrasalmidae	piraĩ (O78)	piraĩ (O78)		inheritance								See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Wayana	subfamily Serrasalmidae	pëne	pǝne		inheritance								See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Yabarana	subfamily Serrasalmidae		sampu										See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Yagua	subfamily Serrasalmidae	mityotu	mitjotu		doubtful loan		cf. Bora nixtja-, W. Tukanoan muɲu						See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Yanomami	subfamily Serrasalmidae	siparariwë	sipaɾaɾiwə (sipara = machete, -riwe = nom. Suff. For masc. ancestral spirits)		unique		formed from loan 'machete'	(sipara = machete, -riwe = nom suffix for masc. ancestral spirits)	compound	sipara = machete, -riwe = nom suffix for masc. ancestral spirits			See Language page	0	1		0				0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no [not in this region]
Yavitero	subfamily Serrasalmidae	uma (dp91)	uma (dp91)										See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Yukuna	subfamily Serrasalmidae	maí; hipuʔuhmá (H&R92)	maí; hipuʔuhmá (H&R92)		inheritance	Proto-Arawak (North and South)		Also hipuʔuhmá (H&R92)	uncoded				See Language page	0	1		0				0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no [not in this region]
Yuruti	subfamily Serrasalmidae	bɨ́	bɨ́										See Language page										Widespread Amazonia
Záparo	subfamily Serrasalmidae	nima	nima										See Language page										Widespread Amazonia


Achagua
Aguaruna
Apalai
Ashuar
Baniwa
Barasano
Bará
Bora
Candoshi-Shapra
Carapana
Carijona
Chácobo
Cofán
Cubeo
Cuiva
Desano
Djeoromitxi
Dâw
Eñepa
Guayabero
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Iquito
Kabiyari
Kakua
Kamayurá
Kanamarí
Kariña
Karitiana
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Macaguan
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Mandawaka
Mapoyo
Matses
Minica Witoto
Muinane
Murui Witoto
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Nheengatu
Ninam
Northern Emberá
Nukak
Nɨpode Witoto
Ocaina
Piapoco
Piaroa
Playero
Puinave
Pumé
Resígaro
Secoya
Sikuani
Siona
Siriano
Sirionó
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Sáliva
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tatuyo
Taushiro
Tikuna
Tiriyó
Trinitario
Tukano
Tuyuka
Urarina
Waikhana
Waimaja
Waimiri Atroari
Warao
Wari
Wayampi
Wayana
Yabarana
Yagua
Yanomami
Yavitero
Yukuna
Yuruti
Záparo

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