Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

pirana

Semantic Field
flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
piraña, caribe
Meaning Portuguese
piranha

Languages

Language Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes
Baniwa subfamily Serrasalmidae ómai ómai inheritance Proto-Arawak (North and South) uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonia no [not in this region]
Carijona subfamily Serrasalmidae hǝni hɯɯ’ne (H&R) inheritance Northern Carib? (Eñepa, Carijona, Mapoyo) See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonia no [not in this region]
Cubeo subfamily Serrasalmidae muñubo, tãchimuñurʉ muɲubo, tãtʃimuɲulʉ, bũ'jṹ-bo (H&R) inheritance Proto-Tukanoan Also tãtʃimuɲulʉ, uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonia no [not in this region]
Dâw subfamily Serrasalmidae pũm pũm loan possibly Warekena pa:ruma missing See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonia no [not in this region]
Desano subfamily Serrasalmidae bũ'jṹ bũ'jṹ inheritance Proto-Tukanoan uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonia no [not in this region]
Eñepa subfamily Serrasalmidae piñë (MM) piɲǝ (MM) inheritance Northern Carib? (Eñepa, Carijona, Mapoyo) See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonia no [not in this region]
Guayabero subfamily Serrasalmidae leʔ leʔ unique uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonia no [not in this region]
Hodï subfamily Serrasalmidae jkwaejle mojto unique uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonia no [not in this region]
Hup subfamily Serrasalmidae ʔɨ́t ʔɨ́t unique underived See Language page 0 1 valued food source 0 fished mostly men boiled or smoked 0 0 Widespread Amazonia no [not in this region]
Kakua subfamily Serrasalmidae ~dǎt inheritance underived See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonia no [not in this region]
Macaguan subfamily Serrasalmidae kuwár kuwáɾ inheritance see also Chocó kʰiɾaɾ uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonia no [not in this region]
Nheengatu subfamily Serrasalmidae piraya (pira=fish, ya,aya=tooth) piɾaja (pira=fish, ya,aya=tooth) inheritance Proto-Tupi-Guarani Reconstructed PTG Mello 2000 Other complex pira=fish, ya'aya=tooth See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonia no [not in this region]
Ninam subfamily Serrasalmidae arahaw (gom) aɾahaw (gom) unique uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonia no [not in this region]
Nukak subfamily Serrasalmidae ʔԑʔ4 ni4 (H&R); dãt (Cabrera et al) inheritance uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonia no [not in this region]
Maihiki subfamily Serrasalmidae uji aco ago uxi ako ago, ũhĩ ako (H&R) unique H&R have ũhĩ ako uncoded ago ago = feminine animate See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonia no [not in this region]
Resígaro subfamily Serrasalmidae mepókó mepókó unknown may be loan? uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonia no [not in this region]
Sikuani subfamily Serrasalmidae kawara (2), kowara (2), kowora(2) kowára-bo inheritance uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonia no [not in this region]
Tariana subfamily Serrasalmidae uʔumá[i] (dp91) uʔumá[i] (dp91) inheritance Proto-Arawak (North and South) uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonia no [not in this region]
Tukano subfamily Serrasalmidae bɨ'ɨ̂ bɨ'ɨ̂, bɨʔɨ́ inheritance East Tukanoan, Branch II uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonia no [not in this region]
Kotiria subfamily Serrasalmidae bʉ'ʉ bʉʔʉ, bɨ'ʔɨ (H&R) inheritance East Tukanoan, Branch II uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonia no [not in this region]
Yanomami subfamily Serrasalmidae siparariwë sipaɾaɾiwə (sipara = machete, -riwe = nom. Suff. For masc. ancestral spirits) unique formed from loan 'machete' (sipara = machete, -riwe = nom suffix for masc. ancestral spirits) compound sipara = machete, -riwe = nom suffix for masc. ancestral spirits See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonia no [not in this region]
Yukuna subfamily Serrasalmidae maí; hipuʔuhmá (H&R92) maí; hipuʔuhmá (H&R92) inheritance Proto-Arawak (North and South) Also hipuʔuhmá (H&R92) uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonia no [not in this region]
Achagua subfamily Serrasalmidae múwa múwa inheritance See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Piapoco subfamily Serrasalmidae uma[i] (dp91), umái uma[i] (dp91), umái See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Kabiyari subfamily Serrasalmidae máa máa See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Yavitero subfamily Serrasalmidae uma (dp91) uma (dp91) See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Mandawaka subfamily Serrasalmidae umáːi umáːi See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Trinitario subfamily Serrasalmidae ʔrumo See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Bora subfamily Serrasalmidae níjtyajɨ (T98) níxtjaxɨ inheritance See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Muinane subfamily Serrasalmidae gáíkku-xe, nítta gáíkku-xe, nítta See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Apalai subfamily Serrasalmidae pone pone inheritance See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Wayana subfamily Serrasalmidae pëne pǝne inheritance See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Tiriyó subfamily Serrasalmidae pəne pəne inheritance See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Makiritare subfamily Serrasalmidae ka:'shai (KH) ka:ʔʃai unique See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Mapoyo subfamily Serrasalmidae pEnE pənə See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Waimiri Atroari subfamily Serrasalmidae maryma marɨma See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Yabarana subfamily Serrasalmidae sampu See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Northern Emberá subfamily Serrasalmidae tʰoá (H&R) See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Cuiva subfamily Serrasalmidae kówarabo See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Playero subfamily Serrasalmidae wákar-to See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Cofán subfamily Serrasalmidae loro loro See Language page Widespread Amazonia phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Candoshi-Shapra subfamily Serrasalmidae pánĩ pánĩ loan, direction unknown Jivaroan See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Taushiro subfamily Serrasalmidae antiva antiwa See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Tikuna subfamily Serrasalmidae utchúma (Alv44) utʃúma unknown cf. Arawak uma See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Urarina subfamily Serrasalmidae abe abe doubtful loan cf. Pumé apéi, Baniwa ómai See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Pumé subfamily Serrasalmidae apéi (Lin97) See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Puinave subfamily Serrasalmidae sarapata, i (H&R) loan maybe Arawak; cf. Paumari sinapati See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Warao subfamily Serrasalmidae ehe ehe See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Ashuar subfamily Serrasalmidae páni, wapésha pani, wapúk pani pani, wapɯʃa pani, wapuk pani See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Huambisa subfamily Serrasalmidae paani pa:ni See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Aguaruna subfamily Serrasalmidae páni páni loan (into protolg?), direction unknown Candoshi See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Nadëb/Roçado dialect subfamily Serrasalmidae amaaj (Senn/Martins dict) loan North Arawak, e.g. Baniwa ómai See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Matses subfamily Serrasalmidae maquë makɨ inheritance See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Chácobo subfamily Serrasalmidae makɨ makɨ inheritance See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Yagua subfamily Serrasalmidae mityotu mitjotu doubtful loan cf. Bora nixtja-, W. Tukanoan muɲu See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Southern Pastaza Quechua subfamily Serrasalmidae paña paɲa See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Piaroa subfamily Serrasalmidae kari'be', ma'buɨh kariɁbeɁ, maɁbuɨh doubtful loan possibly from karib See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Sáliva subfamily Serrasalmidae maliwana maliwana doubtful loan possibly from Arawak/Carib malije 'knife'; see other terms based on 'knife'/'spear', Waimiri Atroari marɨma See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Bará subfamily Serrasalmidae bɨ'ɨ́ See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Barasano subfamily Serrasalmidae bũjṹ bũjṹ See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Carapana subfamily Serrasalmidae bʉʉ bɨ́ɨ́ See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Makuna subfamily Serrasalmidae bũjũ-gã bũjũ-gã inheritance See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Yuruti subfamily Serrasalmidae bɨ́ bɨ́ See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Waikhana subfamily Serrasalmidae bɨ'ʔɨ bɨ'ʔɨ See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Siriano subfamily Serrasalmidae iquíámʉ́ ikíámɨ́, bũ'jṹ (H&R) See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Tanimuca subfamily Serrasalmidae bũ'dyũã bũ'ʎũã inheritance See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Tatuyo subfamily Serrasalmidae bɨ́ɨ́ bɨ́ɨ́ See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Tuyuka subfamily Serrasalmidae bɨ'ɨ́ bɨ'ɨ́ See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Waimaja subfamily Serrasalmidae bɨ̃́ bɨ̃́ See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Koreguaje subfamily Serrasalmidae puñu puɲu inheritance See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Siona subfamily Serrasalmidae buñu buɲu inheritance See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Secoya subfamily Serrasalmidae põ'jũ See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Karitiana subfamily Serrasalmidae isõnhõ isõɲõ unknown See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Wayampi subfamily Serrasalmidae piraĩ (O78) piraĩ (O78) inheritance See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Sirionó subfamily Serrasalmidae sẽɨe (P85) sẽɨe unknown See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Kamayurá subfamily Serrasalmidae ipirãj ipirãj inheritance See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Ocaina subfamily Serrasalmidae dyohyoohxo dʲoʔjooʔxo unique See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Nɨpode Witoto subfamily Serrasalmidae térobeño tέrobɛɲo See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Minica Witoto subfamily Serrasalmidae ïmḯŋo ɯmɯ́ŋo See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Murui Witoto subfamily Serrasalmidae ïmïño ɯmɯɲo loan Tukanoan, e.g. Tanimuca bũ'jũ See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Iquito subfamily Serrasalmidae nɨyári (general term) nɨjári (general term) unknown See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Záparo subfamily Serrasalmidae nima nima See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Wari subfamily Serrasalmidae pita (Sousa2009) pita (Sousa2009) See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Kwazá subfamily Serrasalmidae eri eri See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Djeoromitxi subfamily Serrasalmidae minõrürü minõrørø See Language page Widespread Amazonia
Kanamarí im im piranha (peixe) Magalhães 2018:357
Kariña subfamily Serrasalmidae morokoto morokoto fish sp. Courtz 2007:319 Widespread Amazonia no [not in this region]