Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

flea

Semantic Field: flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: pulga
Meaning Portuguese: pulga

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Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Hypernym	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	Medicinal Notes	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Psychotropic Notes	Traded	Trade Notes	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous	Ethnobiology Notes	Species Notes	General Notes

Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Traded	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous	General Notes
Achagua	order Siphonaptera	kawánairi	kawánairi		inheritance										See Language page
Aché	order Siphonaptera		kɨwo		unknown										See Language page
Aguaruna	order Siphonaptera	súgku	súngku		inheritance										See Language page
Akawaio	order Siphonaptera	chiikpong	tʃiʔpoŋ		inheritance		Northern Carib?								See Language page		0	0		0				0	0			no
Andoke	order Siphonaptera	tãhtsíh (RW52)			doubtful loan, direction unknown			Urarina							See Language page
Ashuar	order Siphonaptera	sungkú	suŋku												See Language page
Ayoreo	order Siphonaptera		'kuča-akaya-'to												See Language page														Lit. 'the thing, she who bites'.
Baniwa	order Siphonaptera	kawánhero	kawánheɻo, iit̻ítu (FS), kawá-nheɻu (FS)		inheritance		North Arawak		Also iit̻ítu (FS), kawá-nheɻu (FS)		uncoded				See Language page		0	0		0				0	0			no
Bankalachi Toloim	Siphonaptera	pah'-tal, pah-kil'		Flea	loan			Yokuts	Proto-NimYokuts *p'a:k'il (Golla 1964:62)	same	underived				C. H. Merriam 72-815, 60-465, 72-815		2	0		0				0	0			no
Barasano	order Siphonaptera	rɨ̃gṍbẽ́	rɨ̃gṍbẽ́												See Language page
Bará	order Siphonaptera		dõkẽã-'bɨ̃												See Language page
Barí	order Siphonaptera		durāba kū												See Language page														Lit. 'dog lice'.
Baure	order Siphonaptera	to'tikop	to'tikop		unknown										See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	Siphonaptera	missing			missing						missing						2	0		0				0	0			no
Bora	order Siphonaptera	ḯḯkʰo-kʷa, ïḯkʰo {pl}	ɯ́ɯ́kʰo-kʷa, ɯɯ́kʰon {pl}		inheritance										See Language page
Cahuilla	Siphonaptera	múkaš	ˈmukaʃ	flea	inheritance	*mu-ku'a:	Cupan		S892 (Stubbs 2009:152); looks like nose-fly	narrower (Seiler and Hioki 1979:113 say that their Mountain Cahuilla consultant says this word refers to fleas of animals, and ku7a to those of people). machily “tick” also given as “flea”.	other complex	muka-ʃ (etymologically, mu-ku7a: “nose-fly”)	no info		Seiler & Hioki 1979:113	no info	2	0		no info	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0	Global	Diverse habitats	no
Camsa	order Siphonaptera	nzantsána	nzantsána												See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra	order Siphonaptera	vaníisiri	waníisiɾi		unique										See Language page
Canela	order Siphonaptera		ĩnko												See Language page
Carapana	order Siphonaptera	nurĩqũẽ, 'dṹkẽ́-ã (H&R)	nurĩkɛ̃; 'dṹkẽ́-ã (H&R)												See Language page
Carijona	order Siphonaptera	cik (SM)	‘kutʃika’hamo(H&R)		inheritance		Northern Carib?		But compare Secoya sɨk̃ɨ. Also ‘kutʃika’hamo (H&R)						See Language page		0	0		0				0	0			no
Cavineña	order Siphonaptera	bi(ʔ)a; takʷapa	bi(ʔ)a; takʷapa												See Language page
Cayuvava	order Siphonaptera		'kočepa												See Language page														Refers to nigua, insect that burrows into the flesh.
Central Aymara	order Siphonaptera	k´uthi	kˀuti												See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	Siphonaptera	koo'-gă-zah'		flea	inheritance	*ky:ky$	Miwokan		Callaghan 1971		other complex	-:a			Merriam 57:465		2	0		0				0	0			no
Cha'palaa	order Siphonaptera		'čihpi ~ 'čišpi												See Language page
Chemehuevi	Siphonaptera	pooɂavI		flea, louse	inheritance	*po'a	Southern Numic only		Stubbs 1358b (2008:205), possibly related to the pusi'a “louse” forms in other Numic	broader (flea, louse)	other complex	has -pi ABS			Press 1979		2	0		0				0	0			no
Chiriguano	order Siphonaptera		(če-)piki		unknown										See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja	order Siphonaptera		lataʔ (f.)												See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	Siphonaptera	step		flea	unique	*-tep	Central Chumash only		There's a tepuchi word in UA -- check? Or is this a Californianism. Klar 1977:86 thinks is PUA but this is wrong.		underived				Beeler 1978:184		2	0		0				0	0			no
Chumash Ineseno	Siphonaptera	step, ʃtep		flea	inheritance	*-tep	Central Chumash only		Central Chumash; There's a tepuchi word in UA -- check? Or is this a Californianism. Klar 1977:86 thinks from PUA but that's wrong		underived				Applegate 61		2	0		0				0	0			no
Chumash Obispeno	Siphonaptera	Lqata, Lqat'a		pulga	unique						other complex	7al-			Harrington III:1:0050		2	0		0				0	0			no
Chumash Ventureno	Siphonaptera	step		flea	inheritance	*-tep	Central Chumash only		Central Chumash		underived				Klar 1977:86		2	0		0				0	0			no
Chácobo	order Siphonaptera	kayaya; mapɨṣ̌pɨ	kayaya; mapɨṣ̌pɨ		unknown										See Language page
Cocopa	Siphonaptera	missing			missing						missing						2	0		0				0	0			no
Cofán	order Siphonaptera	binshin	binʃin												See Language page														phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Comanche	Siphonaptera	ekapusi?a		flea	inheritance	*pusia	Numic		Stubbs 1358a (2008:205)	same	phrase	red-flea/louse			Robinson & Armagost 1990:164		2	0		0				0	0			no
Cubeo	order Siphonaptera	tubacʉ	tubakɨ, tu'bá-kɨ		unique						uncoded				See Language page		0	0		0				0	0			no
Cuiva	order Siphonaptera		petárɨ												See Language page
Cupeño	Siphonaptera	mekwash	məˈkʷaʃ	flea	inheritance	*mu-ku'a:	Cupan		S892 (Stubbs 2009:152)	same	other complex	məˈkʷa-ʃ flea-npn	-ʔaʃ "pet"	possessive classifier for animals	Hill & Nolasquez 1973:162	no info	2	0		no	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0	global	diverse habitats	no
Desano	order Siphonaptera	disinomemʉ	disinomemɯ, di'sídõbẽ		unique						uncoded				See Language page		0	0		0				0	0			no
Djeoromitxi	order Siphonaptera	päri	pǝri												See Language page
Dâw	order Siphonaptera	den	dæn		inheritance						missing				See Language page		0	0		0				0	0			no
Esselen	Siphonaptera	wohehawi (de la Cuesta in Kroeber)		flea	unique		Esselen				phrase	clearly 2 morphemes, translation undetermined			Turner & Shaul 1981:120		2	0		0				0	0			no
Eñepa	order Siphonaptera	səhpən	səhpən		inheritance		Northern Carib?								See Language page		0	0		0				0	0			no
Gabrielino	Siphonaptera	motu:cey	muˈtu:ʧej	pulga	loan			Gabrielino	loan direction unknown, see Tub. moo-tsoo' 60-499, Kitanemuk ʔatucit	same	other complex	muˈtu:ʧe-j flea-npn (root may be derived)	-ʔaʧ "pet"	possessive classifier for animals	Harrington 411	no info	2	0		no info	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0	Americas	Diverse habitats	no
Guayabero	order Siphonaptera	taɸíɸ-t	taɸíɸ-t		unique						uncoded				See Language page		0	0		0				0	0			no
Hodï	order Siphonaptera	yewi hõhõ	yewi hõhõ		unique						uncoded				See Language page		0	0		0				0	0			no
Huambisa	order Siphonaptera	sugku	suŋku												See Language page
Hup	order Siphonaptera	n'án-kɔ́b	n'án-kɔ́b		inheritance						compound	flea-?			See Language page		0	0		0				0	0			no
Ignaciano	order Siphonaptera		taiɲe eta tamuku												See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	Siphonaptera	ɂewill		flea	unique				Probably contains *?-?il WORM	same	underived				Couro & Hutcheson 1973		2	0		0				0	0			no
Ingá	order Siphonaptera	piki	píki (H&R)												See Language page
Itonama	order Siphonaptera		o-peʔte												See Language page
Kabiyari	order Siphonaptera	t̪itú, kawá	t̪itú, kawá												See Language page
Kaingang	order Siphonaptera	kãpò	kãpɔ												See Language page
Kakua	order Siphonaptera	kǔluʔkǔruʔ	kǔluʔ/kǔruʔ		unique						reduplicated				See Language page		0	0		0				0	0			no
Kariña	order Siphonaptera	kusipo	kusipo	flea											Courtz 2007:307													no
Karitiana	order Siphonaptera	kinãmẽn	kinãmẽn		unknown										See Language page
Katukina	order Siphonaptera		kamã šoa												See Language page
Kawaiisu	Siphonaptera	at-too'-ă tse'-tah		flea	unique				a unique formation --maybe louse its-???	same	underived				Merriam 59:377		2	0		0				0	0			no
Kiliwa	Siphonaptera	wa?=?il		flea (lit. house vermin)	unique				Contains *?-?il WORM Langdon 1979:639	same	phrase	house=vermin			Mixco 1985		2	0		0				0	0			no
Kitanemuk	Siphonaptera	ʔatucit	ˈʔatuʦit	flea	loan			no information	loan direction unknown, see Tub. moo-tsoo' 60-499, Gab. mo-tu:cey	same	other complex	ˈʔatuʦi-t flea-npn	-ʔacit "pet"	possessive classifier for animals	Anderton 1988:274	no info	2	0	highly unlikely	no info	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0	Americas	Diverse habitats	no
Koreguaje	order Siphonaptera	sãkʉ	sãkhʉ, sãkʰɨ		inheritance										See Language page
Kotiria	order Siphonaptera	nʉhcopeairo (Waltz)	nʉhkopeaiɾo (Waltz), dɨ̃ʔ'kõpea-iro (H&R)		inheritance		East Tukanoan				uncoded				See Language page		0	0		0				0	0			no
Kwazá	order Siphonaptera	harusa, syicosa	harusa, syicosa												See Language page
Lake Miwok	Siphonaptera	kúkuh		flea	inheritance	*ky:ky$	Miwokan		Callaghan 1971:21		underived				Callaghan 1965		2	0		0				0	0			no
Lengua	order Siphonaptera		maliŋ askuk												See Language page
Lokono	order Siphonaptera	khajaba	kʰajaba	flea											Pet 1987: 358													no
Luiseño	Siphonaptera	mokwáchish (B)	moʹkʷatʃiʃ	flea	inheritance	*mu-ku'a:	Cupan		S892 (Stubbs 2009:152), this is really 893 plus *mu- “nose”	same	other complex	moʹkʷatʃi-ʃ flea-non.possessed.noun (root contains frozen diminutive)			Elliott 1999:538	no info	2	0		no info	no info	no info	no info	0	0	Americas	diverse habitats	no
Maca	order Siphonaptera		c̷xip (m.)												See Language page
Macaguan	order Siphonaptera	maník, maníp	maník, maníp		inheritance						uncoded				See Language page		0	0		0				0	0			no
Maidu	Siphonaptera	tyk'y/si		flea	inheritance	*t'yk'ys	Maiduan		Callaghan 2001:327; Nisenan toon'-koos; took-koos; tŭ-koos'; Note Miwokan *ky:ky$		other complex	-i is stem former			Shipley 1963		2	0		0				0	0			no
Maihiki	order Siphonaptera	ɨ ago	ɨ̃ ago, sa ɨ̃ (H&R)		unique						uncoded		ago	ago = feminine animate	See Language page		0	0		0				0	0			no
Makuna	order Siphonaptera	rʉ̃gõmeamʉ	lɨ̃gõmɛamɨ, boboroa (H&R)		inheritance										See Language page
Makushi	order Siphonaptera	sikɨ́	sikɨ́		inheritance		Northern Carib?		But compare Secoya sɨk̃ɨ. Also ‘kutʃika’hamo (H&R)						See Language page		0	0		0				0	0			no
Mandawaka	order Siphonaptera	ʒíːtu	ʒíːtu												See Language page
Mapoyo	order Siphonaptera	sikë (sand flea)	sikɛ (sand flea)												See Language page
Mapudungun	order Siphonaptera		nerɨm												See Language page														Ranquel form is nerɨm ~ nɨrɨm.
Matses	order Siphonaptera	matish	matiʃ		unknown										See Language page
Minica Witoto	order Siphonaptera	ɸaïrádo	ɸaɯrádo												See Language page
Mocoví	order Siphonaptera		pioḳ l-apa-ʁat												See Language page														Lit. 'dog 3p possessor-?-instrument (masc)'.
Mojave	Siphonaptera	ɂichipay kuurems		flea	unique					same	phrase	bug ?			Munro et al.1992		2	0		0				0	0			no
Mosetén-Chimané	order Siphonaptera		miix												See Language page
Muinane	order Siphonaptera	xɨ́ɨ́ku-gai	xɨ́ɨ́ku-gai												See Language page
Muisca	order Siphonaptera	muyza	muɨtʂa												See Language page
Murui Witoto	order Siphonaptera	ɸaïrada, ɸaïrado	ɸaɯrada, ɸaɯrado		unique										See Language page
Mutsun	Siphonaptera	po:r; wipsur “		flea; fleas	inheritance	*po:r	Costanoan		Callaghan 1997:59		underived				Okrand 1977:135; Mason 1916:427		2	0		0				0	0			no
Máku	order Siphonaptera	ˍpicé	Φitsé												See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect	order Siphonaptera		kadɛɛj/ kadiib		unique										See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	order Siphonaptera	usa	usa												See Language page
Nheengatu	order Siphonaptera	tumbira	tumbiɾa		unknown						No info				See Language page		0	0		0				0	0			no
Ninam	order Siphonaptera	~hihop (gom), ɨ̃rɨ̃hɨnə (EM72)	~hihop (gom), ɨ̃ɾɨ̃hɨnə (EM72)		inheritance				also ~hihop (gom)		uncoded				See Language page		0	0		0				0	0			no
Nisenan	Siphonaptera	toon'-koos; took-koos; tŭ-koos'		flea	inheritance		Maiduan		Maidu tyk'y/si; Note Miwokan *ky:ky$		underived				Merriam 57:243		2	0		0				0	0			no
Nivaclé	order Siphonaptera		ɬa-ɬa												See Language page
Northern Emberá	order Siphonaptera	púrga	púrga												See Language page
Northern Paiute	Siphonaptera	pozeabbe		Flea, louse	inheritance	*pusi'a	Numic		Stubbs 1358a (2008:205)	broader (fleas and lice)	other complex	has -pi ABS			Merriam 61:149		2	0		0				0	0			no
Northern Sierra Miwok	Siphonaptera	ky:kys-y-		flea	inheritance	*ky:ky$	Miwokan		Callaghan 1971		other complex	-y nominalizer			Callaghan 1987		2	0		0				0	0			no
Nukak	order Siphonaptera	tãŋãp2			unique						uncoded				See Language page		0	0		0				0	0			no
Nɨpode Witoto	order Siphonaptera	païrádo	paɯrádo												See Language page
Ocaina	order Siphonaptera	oróóvutyo	oróóβɯtʸo		unique										See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní	order Siphonaptera		tũnᵑgusu												See Language page
Paresi	order Siphonaptera	mahatini	mahatini		unknown										See Language page
Pemon	order Siphonaptera	chipuen (A1981)	tʃipuen (A1981)		inheritance		Northern Carib?								See Language page		0	0		0				0	0			no
Piapoco	order Siphonaptera	yéeni, kawanáire	jé:ni, kawanáire (H&R)												See Language page
Pilagá	order Siphonaptera		pioḳ l-apa-ʁat												See Language page														Lit. 'dog 3pp-announce-masc. thing'; see 'louse' 03.811.
Plains Miwok	Siphonaptera	kəkəh, kykyh?		flea	inheritance	*ky:ky$-	Miwokan		Callaghan 1971		underived				Callaghan 1984		2	0		0				0	0			no
Puinave	order Siphonaptera	dɨk	dɨk		unique										See Language page
Pumé	order Siphonaptera	aʊre nẽ													See Language page
Páez	order Siphonaptera	pampa													See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	order Siphonaptera	piki	piki												See Language page
Resígaro	order Siphonaptera	ka?vátsí	kaʔvátsí		inheritance		North Arawak				uncoded				See Language page		0	0		0				0	0			no
Salinan A	Siphonaptera	Ta:yél		flea	unique		Salinan				underived	unless /T/ is articular prefix			Mason 1918:125; Turner 1980:73		2	0		0				0	0			no
Salinan M	Siphonaptera	TaiyeL'		flea	unique		Salinan				underived				Mason 1918:125		2	0		0				0	0			no
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité	order Siphonaptera		maliŋ askok												See Language page														Lit. 'fox insect' 03.740 + 03.810.
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet	order Siphonaptera		maaleŋ-askok; semheŋ-askok; tataʔ-askok; ɬaapen-ˀpaskok; pomaap-apaskok												See Language page
Sanumá	order Siphonaptera	noma (EM72)	noma		inheritance						uncoded				See Language page		0	0		0				0	0			no
Secoya	order Siphonaptera	sëquë	sɨ̃kɨ												See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	Siphonaptera	haxz ii		dog flea	unique				Note Proto-Yuman *?-?il “lice”?? This form is used only for possessed lice in Comcaac	narrower (dog fleas only)	other complex	dog possessed.louse/flea			Comcaac Dictionary 363		2	0		0				0	0			no
Serrano	Siphonaptera	missing			missing						missing						2	0		0				0	0			no
Shipibo-Konibo	order Siphonaptera		iki												See Language page
Sikuani	order Siphonaptera	manepa (3)	mánepa-to		inheritance						uncoded				See Language page		0	0		0				0	0			no
Siona	order Siphonaptera	zi'nga	ziʔnga		inheritance										See Language page
Siriano	order Siphonaptera	sĩ́nugã́me	sĩ́nugã́me, sĩ́-dũ'gã́bẽ-bɨ̃ (H&R)												See Language page
Sirionó	order Siphonaptera	eki; ki	eki; ki		unknown										See Language page
Southern Paiute	Siphonaptera	aŋivitsI		flea	unique				looks like the ant word	same	other complex	diminutive of “mosquito”			Sapir 1930:548		2	0		0				0	0			no
Southern Pastaza Quechua	order Siphonaptera	piqui	piki												See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	Siphonaptera	ky:kyh-		flea	inheritance	*ky:ky$	Miwokan		Callaghan 1971		underived				Broadbent 1964:		2	0		0				0	0			no
Southern Ute	Siphonaptera	pǫ?ą-vI		flea, louse	inheritance	*po'a	Southern Numic only		Stubbs 1358b (2008:205), possibly related to the pusi'a “louse” forms in other Numic	broader (fleas and lice)	other complex	has -pi ABS			Givon 1979		2	0		0				0	0			no
Sáliva	order Siphonaptera	jahñu (pl.)	haʔñu (pl.)		unknown										See Language page
Tanimuca	order Siphonaptera	kõ'rẽ ri'ka	kõ'rẽ ri'ka		unique			metathesis?							See Language page
Tariana	order Siphonaptera	kawháneɾe	kawháneɾe		inheritance		North Arawak				uncoded				See Language page		0	0		0				0	0			no
Tatuyo	order Siphonaptera	dũkẽ-ã	dũkẽ-ã												See Language page
Taushiro	order Siphonaptera	cuento vicha (cuento=dog)	kuɨnto wiʃa												See Language page
Tiriyó	order Siphonaptera	cikə	cikə		inheritance										See Language page
Toba	order Siphonaptera		pioḳ l-ala-ʁat												See Language page														Lit. 'dog 3p possessor-announce-instrument'.
Trinitario	order Siphonaptera		'stukaya												See Language page
Trumai	order Siphonaptera	tun	tun												See Language page
Tukano	order Siphonaptera	dɨ̃ʔkõẽ́-wɨ̃	dɨ̃ʔkõẽ́-wɨ̃ (h&r)		inheritance		East Tukanoan				uncoded				See Language page		0	0		0				0	0			no
Tuyuka	order Siphonaptera	noquẽá	nokẽá, dõkẽã-'wɨ̃́												See Language page
Tübatulabal	Siphonaptera	moo-tsoo' 72-79, 60-499	mu:ˈʦuh (?)	flea	loan			no information	loan direction unknown, see Gabrielino motu:cey, Kitanemuk ʔatucit	same	underived				http://www.archive.org/stream/bancroft_chartmerriam_1556_60#page/n479/mode/2up; p. 499	no info	2	0	Voegelin 1938:12	no info	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0	Americas	Diverse habitats	no
Tümpisa Shoshone	Siphonaptera	wittaattsi		flea	unique					same	other complex	wittaa-ttsi flea-DIM			Dayley 1989:386		2	0		0				0	0			no
Urarina	order Siphonaptera	ataḍzi	atatʃi		doubtful loan, direction unknown			Andoke							See Language page
Wai Wai	order Siphonaptera	kuΦama; sɨɨko	kuΦama; sɨɨko		inheritance										See Language page
Waikhana	order Siphonaptera	dɨʔ'kõpe	dɨʔ'kõpe												See Language page
Waimaja	order Siphonaptera	nũkʰɛ̃́	nũkʰɛ̃́												See Language page
Waorani	order Siphonaptera	gĩta kæ̃pæ			unique				gĩta 'dog'		uncoded				See Language page		0	0		0				0	0			no
Wapishana	order Siphonaptera	kʰuwaiˀba	kʰuwaiˀba		inheritance			Carib	e.g. Akawaio tʃiʔpoŋ; Also: kʰuwaiˀba (Melville IDS)						See Language page		0	0		0				0	0			no
Wappo	Siphonaptera	č'óTe		flea (CHM confirms 52:579)	unique				Note Yukian *T'ohk (a/i)		underived				Sawyer 1965		2	0		0				0	0			no
Wari	order Siphonaptera	katʃikon ʔopiʔ (Sousa2009)	katʃikon ʔopiʔ (Sousa2009)												See Language page
Washo	Siphonaptera	gɨX:gɨši7		flea	loan			Northern Sierra Miwok	Mins ky:kys-y-; Pmie *ky:ky$		reduplicated				Merriam 55:313; WPD		2	0		0				0	0			no
Wayampi	order Siphonaptera	tunɨ	tunɨ		unknown										See Language page
Wayana	order Siphonaptera	sikë	sikǝ		inheritance										See Language page
Wayuu	order Siphonaptera		hayapa												See Language page
Western Mono	Siphonaptera	mutsipI		flea	inheritance	muwi-/muCpi/	Proto-Numic		Stubbs 887 (2008:151)	same	derived	Has diminutive	-pi		Bethel et al.:80	no info	2	0		no	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0			no
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay	order Siphonaptera		mawu-'wu												See Language page
Wintu	Siphonaptera	k'okos		flea, “he who puts rafters on”	inheritance	*k'ok'o	Wintun		Shepherd 2005; note Miwokan *ky:ky$-, Maiduan tyk'y/si (the Maidu form, Nisenan only from Merriam)		other complex	k'ok “rafter”, but I think this is folk etymology of a Penutian flea word, look at Miwokan, -os has wrong vowel to be the usual suffix			Pitkin 1985		2	0		0				0	0			no
Yabarana	order Siphonaptera		sápuhmo, səuh'pəmə												See Language page
Yagua	order Siphonaptera	dudni	ndudnı̃		unique										See Language page
Yaminahua	order Siphonaptera		mai ṣ̌ɨna												See Language page
Yanomam	order Siphonaptera	noma	noma		inheritance						uncoded				See Language page		0	0		0				0	0			no
Yanomami	order Siphonaptera	kopatashima, rihuuna (EM72)	kopataʃima, ɾihu:na		inheritance				also kopataʃima		underived	N-CLF.'stinging insect'			See Language page		0	0		0				0	0			no
Yavapai	Siphonaptera	missing			missing						missing						2	0		0				0	0			no
Yavitero	order Siphonaptera	c̷u'ida	tsu'ida												See Language page
Yine	order Siphonaptera		kočopa												See Language page
Yokuts Palewyami	Siphonaptera	b'âk'el		flea	inheritance	*p'a:k'il	Yokutsan		Whistler & Golla 1986:355	same	underived				Kroeber 1961:206		2	0		0				0	0			no
Yokuts Yawdanchi	Siphonaptera	b'akid		flea	inheritance	*p'a:k'il	Yokutsan		Whistler & Golla 1986:355	same	underived				Kroeber 1961:206)		2	0		0				0	0			no
Yokuts Yowlumne	Siphonaptera	b'akil, bâkil, p'a:k'il		flea	inheritance	*p'a:k'il	Yokutsan		Whistler & Golla 1986:355	same	underived				Kroeber 1961:206		2	0		0				0	0			no
Yuki	Siphonaptera	T'oko7, T'oke (?) A		flea	inheritance	T'ohk, T'ohka, *T'ohki	Yukian		Schlichter 1985; note Wappo č'oth “mosquito”, (Elemendorf 1993:233); also č'óTe “flea” JHH		underived				Sawyer & Schlichter 1984		2	0		0				0	0			no
Yukpa	order Siphonaptera		kẽʃépo(H&R)												See Language page														Phon only in source
Yukuna	order Siphonaptera	kawa'ajné	kawaʔahné		inheritance		North Arawak				uncoded				See Language page		0	0		0				0	0			no
Yuma	Siphonaptera	missing			inheritance						missing						2	0		0				0	0			no
Yuruti	order Siphonaptera	dɨ̃́kõwẽ	dɨ̃́kõwẽ												See Language page


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Andoke
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Bankalachi Toloim
Barasano
Bará
Barí
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Cahuilla
Camsa
Candoshi-Shapra
Canela
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cuiva
Cupeño
Desano
Djeoromitxi
Dâw
Esselen
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Guayabero
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Itonama
Kabiyari
Kaingang
Kakua
Kariña
Karitiana
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Maihiki
Makuna
Makushi
Mandawaka
Mapoyo
Mapudungun
Matses
Minica Witoto
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Máku
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Nheengatu
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nukak
Nɨpode Witoto
Ocaina
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Pilagá
Plains Miwok
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Quechua Ayacuchano
Resígaro
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Secoya
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Siona
Siriano
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Sáliva
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tatuyo
Taushiro
Tiriyó
Toba
Trinitario
Trumai
Tukano
Tuyuka
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waikhana
Waimaja
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Wari
Washo
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Yabarana
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yine
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuma
Yuruti

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