Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

bench, seat

Semantic Field
culture-material
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
banco, silla, asiento
Meaning Portuguese
banco

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source
Kakua ʧɨ̂d-at-pâʔa ʧɨ̂d-at-pâʔa [sit-cl.round-cl.flat.on.top] unique Derived sit-cl.round-cl.flat.on.top See Language page
Nheengatu apicáwa apikáwa inheritance from 'sit' See Language page
Waorani tæ̃æ̃ kõta-ĩ (chair) (IDS) chair unique Other complex tæ̃æ̃ kõta-ĩ=sit; ĩ=?? See Language page
Hodï towãkĩ tekai towãkĩ tekai unique Other complex tekai occurs in many words having to do with non-Indian material objects See Language page
Yanomami roomamotima (neol. : ro-aɨ = "to sit") ɾo:mamotima unique neologism Phrase ɾoo-mamotima, sit-thing See Language page
Kotiria dujiro dujiro inheritance Proto-East Tukanoan, East branch (at least) Simplex See Language page
Cubeo ñʉaca ɲɨa-ka inheritance Proto-Tukanoan Classifier -ka See Language page
Tukano kumu kumu loan - WW %kumu WW %kumu Signal drum: Bora, Muinane, Resigaro, Yucuna, (Paez?); bench: ET: Macuna, Tukano, Tanimuca, Bará, Waimaja (also means 'benzador' in some of these lgs; definitely related to 'canoe', may derive from tree sp.?); canoe: ET: Bará, Carapana, Macuna, Yuruti, Si Simplex See Language page
Desano seh-ro seh-ro inheritance Desano-Siriano Simplex See Language page
Maihiki ñui pede ja ɲui pede xã inheritance Proto-West Tukanoan See Language page
Hup kǝd kǝd unique Simplex See Language page
Dâw bãgn’ bãŋ’ loan Portuguese See Language page
Sikuani tape (Rivet 1948) loan North Arawak, e.g. Kabiyari nápe See Language page
Macaguan chihiét, jál-ne tʃiʔiét, hál-ne unknown Proto-Guahiban (doubtful) Simplex See Language page
Guayabero tɨa-ék-ax tɨa-ék-ax unknown Proto-Guahiban (doubtful) See Language page
Pemon aponok (A1981); daponto (M2000) aponok (A1981); βapon'dto (M2000) inheritance Proto-Carib Alternate: βapon'dto See Language page
Akawaio abonok abɔnɔk inheritance Proto-Carib See Language page
Makushi aponó aponó inheritance Proto-Carib See Language page
Eñepa #NAME? #NAME? inheritance Proto-Carib See Language page
Yukuna jeta'apá, eta'apá heta'apá, eta'apá inheritance Also eta'apá See Language page
Tariana éːdi, édi éːdi, édi inheritance Proto Rio Negro Simplex See Language page
Wapishana tabai tabai inheritance Possibly inherited -bai may be some sort of classifier? See Language page
Baniwa báako, éedai báako, éedai loan, inheritance Proto Rio Negro Span/Port Alternate: baako (probably loan from Portuguese banco) Simplex See Language page
Resígaro i?tsoótshigú iʔtsoótsʰigú unique Derived root iʔtsoó (meaning?) + -tsi nominalizer, -gú “long and flat” classifier See Language page
Achagua jáaʒubaiʃi (h&r) já:ʒubaiʃi (h&r) unique/Piapoco possibly from reflex of 'sit'? See Language page
Piapoco yàalubáisi jàalubáisi See Language page
Kabiyari nápe nápe See Language page
Yavitero bánku (loan) bánku (loan) See Language page
Wayuu ta-yupaľa Also tuľu, stool made of tree trunk. See Language page
Paresi okahakalati okahakalati doubtful loan Tupi: Karitiana mikipa; Tupi-Guarani apɨka See Language page
Ignaciano [siya] From Span. 'silla'. A place to sit is 'tehasiʔakare. See Language page
Waurá se'pi (R73) se'pi (R73) unknown See Language page
Cha'palaa 'čun-'bulʸa Means 'stool'. See Language page
Bora íxʸa-kʷa, akʰḯḯβe-(kʷa) íxʲa-kʷa, akʰɯ́ɯ́βɛ-(kʷa) inheritance See Language page
Muinane íkka-ga íkka-ga See Language page
Apalai epehtopo epehtopo inheritance See Language page
Wayana kololo kololo unique See Language page
Carijona əhəi (SM) inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó apëi apǝi inheritance See Language page
Makiritare āʔtəy (IDS) (Means 'chair' and 'bench'; also mūde); a:'töi (KH) a:ʔtəj (IDS); a:ʔtəi (KH) doubtful loan North Arawak, e.g. Baniwa éedai See Language page
Mapoyo aponi aponi See Language page
Wai Wai aaΦo aaΦo inheritance See Language page
Yukpa ititakpo, ötétapo, sátatpo ititakpo, ötétapo, sátatpo See Language page
Northern Emberá bugée bugée See Language page
Epena ã-'kʰau Lit. 'buttocks-stool', used by shaman. See Language page
Cofán mesa (Spanish loan) mesa phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Taushiro ava´ta awaʔta See Language page
Páez cachguata catʃguata See Language page
Tikuna na-maoé (Alv44) naʔmawé unique See Language page
Urarina hiiḍzi; fawaʉafwa hiidʒi; fawaʉafwa unique See Language page
Andoke (Nom. class) -kupa (Nom. class) -kupa unique See Language page
Pumé ča-reã 'chair' See Language page
Puinave -tek-ot -tek-ot unique See Language page
Ashuar kéematai kɯ:matai See Language page
Huambisa kutag kutaŋg See Language page
Aguaruna ekeémtai ɨkɨ:mtai inheritance derived from 'sit' See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect tɯŋ unique See Language page
Matses tsadte (para sentarse) tsadte unique See Language page
Kakataibo kʷɨ'nã *Panoan *kʷɨna[n/mV], 'bench, stool'. See Language page
Katukina βɨʔo-ti See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo yakati See Language page
Yaminahua c̷ao-ti Lit. 'sit-nominalizer'. See Language page
Chácobo kɨnanɨ (listed under "chair") kɨnanɨ (listed under "chair") inheritance See Language page
Yagua masajo mãsaxo unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua parindilla paɾindiʎa See Language page
Ingá banku (Spanish loan) banku (Spanish loan) See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano tiyana tiyana See Language page
Piaroa deEkia' deækiaɁ unknown See Language page
Sáliva dulai, ĩgaxoa dulai, ĩgaxoa unknown See Language page
Bará dui'ro, kũ'bũro See Language page
Barasano hujá-ri-a-ro hujá-ri-a-ro See Language page
Carapana ru'í-rí-ka-ro ru'í-rí-ka-ro See Language page
Makuna cũmurõ kũmuɾõ loan - WW %kumu See Language page
Yuruti du'í-ri-pĩ-rõ du'í-ri-pĩ-rõ See Language page
Waikhana du'hi-rí saʔ'rĩdõ du'hi-rí saʔ'rĩdõ See Language page
Siriano seepẽ́ro seepẽ́ɾo See Language page
Tanimuca ru'pari kũ'bũã ru'pari kũ'bũã inheritance See Language page
Tatuyo ru'í-'rí-'ka-pãĩ ru'í-'rí-'ka-pãĩ See Language page
Tuyuka dui-'ró dui-'ró See Language page
Waimaja kʰṹmṹňõ̀ kʰṹmṹrõ̀ See Language page
Koreguaje ñu'iko'a ɲuʔikhoʔa inheritance See Language page
Siona ënte seihuë ɨnte seiwɨ inheritance See Language page
Secoya ñu'i saihuë, pehuë, ja'ruco ñuʔI saiwɨ, pẽwɨ, haʔrukɔ See Language page
Karitiana mikipa mikipa inheritance from 'sit' See Language page
Kokama yapɨcatupa japɨkatupa inheritance from 'sit' See Language page
Wayampi apɨka apɨka inheritance from 'sit' See Language page
Aché wapɨ ẽda-tɨgi unique See Language page
Chiriguano (če-)apɨka; [siya] inheritance from 'sit' See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní apɨka See Language page
Sirionó erenda (P85) erenda unknown See Language page
Kamayurá 'apɨkap 'apɨkap inheritance from 'sit' See Language page
Ocaina biiñi-ráá-βoho, biiñi-ráá-ko biiñi-ráá-βoho, biiñi-ráá-ko unique from 'sit' See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto rá.ï.i-ra-bï-kï rá.ɯ.i-ra-bɯ-kɯ See Language page
Minica Witoto rá.ï.i-ra-bï-kï rá.ɯ.i-ra-bɯ-kɯ See Language page
Murui Witoto raï-ra-ko raɯ-ra-ko inheritance/Witoto from 'sit' See Language page
Iquito ajír+na (verb ajir++ni means to sit); páticu (tipo de banca, asiento plano y bajo hecho sin clavar de una sola pedazo de madera, que tiene patas cortas) ahírɨna (verb ahirɨɨni means to sit); pátiku (tipo de banca) unique; loan Tupi-Guarani (prob. Kokama) See Language page
Wari pana (Sousa2009) pana (Sousa2009) See Language page
Araona e-ani-hi Refers to a seat. See 'sit' 12.130. *Tacn form is *waŕi. See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo e-ki-ani-xi (Girard 1971) e-ki-ani-xi (Girard 1971) See Language page
Tacana ani-ode See Language page
Cavineña huacu (C&L89) waku loan Spanish See Language page
Central Aymara ḳunuɲa See Language page
Itonama u-čˀapa See Language page
Kwazá warikanɛ, waritseniʔɛ warikanɛ, waritseniʔɛ See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané bœʔya'kis See Language page
Movima [siya] [sija] See Language page
Kaingang nĩgja nĩŋya See Language page
Karajá rɨnana (?) Cf. 'hip' 04.463. See Language page
Djeoromitxi nĩpe nĩpe See Language page
Mocoví n-ḳaʔʁan-aʁaki Lit. '3p possessor-sit-enclosure (nom)'. See Language page
Pilagá ne-sʔ'on-aʁaki Lit. '3pp-sit-enclosure'. See Language page
Toba n-soʔon-aʁaki Lit. '3p possessor-sit-enclosure'. See Language page
Lengua #NAME? See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité nintahanma See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet nentahaneem; [silya] See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay to-'weh-wet Lit. 'poss.-rump/bottom-place' 04.464. See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -wet ~ -wit (m.) Means 'place' 12.110. See Language page
Maca #NAME? Neologism. See Language page
Nivaclé -ɔw-xawat; -kˀo-wat See Language page
Ayoreo čaari-'pii See Language page
Mapudungun anɨ-peyɨm; [waŋku] From Spanish 'banco'. Ranquel form is [waŋku]. See Language page
Qawasqar pap-o-tḳal Cf. 'sit' 12.130. See Language page
Tehuelche 'peyoy Cf. 'sit' 12.130. See Language page
Lokono abola abola bench Pet 1987:351
Kariña apony aponɨ seat; bench Yamada 2010:717