Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

fish poison, barbasco

Semantic Field
flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
barbasco, matapez (Colombia)
Meaning Portuguese
timbó

Languages

Language Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes
Baniwa Lonchocarpus spp. kóona (there are others) kóona (there are others) inheritance North Arawak Plus other terms uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation yes [used to poison people] shrub/tree
Carijona Lonchocarpus spp. ineku (M2000) inheritance Carib cure is reportedly source of Sp/Pt curare. See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation yes [used to poison people] shrub/tree
Cubeo Lonchocarpus spp. cʉ̃́boacʉ, cʉ̃́cʉ, euracʉ, euracʉ ʉrayocacʉ, oteieomu kʉ̃́boakʉ, kʉ̃́kʉ, ɛulakʉ, ɛulakʉ ʉlajokakʉ, otɛiɛomu unknown; inheritance Also kʉ̃́kʉ, ɛulakʉ, ɛulakʉ ʉlajɔkakʉ, ɔtɛiɛɔmu uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation yes [used to poison people] shrub/tree
Dâw Lonchocarpus spp. duús dǔʃ inheritance underived See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation yes [used to poison people] shrub/tree
Desano Lonchocarpus spp. nia nia unique uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation yes [used to poison people] shrub/tree
Eñepa Lonchocarpus spp. kanatïnto, kayen (MM) kanatɨnto, kajen (MM) unknown Also kajen See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation yes [used to poison people] shrub/tree
Guayabero Lonchocarpus spp. chon tʃon unknown missing See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation yes [used to poison people] shrub/tree
Hodï Lonchocarpus spp. matu'nəu unique uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation yes [used to poison people] shrub/tree
Waorani Lonchocarpus spp. menico (Lonchocarpus nicou) unique uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation yes [used to poison people] shrub/tree
Hup Lonchocarpus spp. d'ǔç d'ǔç inheritance underived See Language page 0 0 0 gathered, cultivated? men lengths are beaten into water to release poison; stuns fish 0 0 secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation yes [used to poison people] shrub/tree
Kakua Lonchocarpus spp. ~dud' ~dûdɁ inheritance underived See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation yes [used to poison people] shrub/tree
Makushi Lonchocarpus spp. aya aja inheritance See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation yes [used to poison people] shrub/tree
Nheengatu Lonchocarpus spp. timbu, kunambi (flowwing plant, not a poisonous vine, but it is used as fish poison) timbu, kunambi (flowwing plant, not a poisonous vine, but it is used as fish poison) inheritance Proto-Tupi-Guarani Reconstructed PTG Mello 2000. Also: kunambi (plant, not vine) underived See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation yes [used to poison people] shrub/tree
Nukak Lonchocarpus spp. nuún (P07) inheritance uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation yes [used to poison people] shrub/tree
Maihiki Lonchocarpus spp. eo ja eo xã inheritance Proto-Tukanoan uncoded xã xã (orth. ja) = inanimate See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation yes [used to poison people] shrub/tree
Pemon Lonchocarpus spp. ara (Pessoa2006) ara (Pessoa2006) inheritance See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation yes [used to poison people] shrub/tree
Resígaro Lonchocarpus spp. konáapi konáapi inheritance North Arawak uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation yes [used to poison people] shrub/tree
Sanumá Lonchocarpus spp. thoo thoo unique missing See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation yes [used to poison people] shrub/tree
Sikuani Lonchocarpus spp. araita doubtful loan Carib (Pemon?) missing See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation yes [used to poison people] shrub/tree
Tariana Lonchocarpus spp. kesí-na kesí-na unique uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation yes [used to poison people] shrub/tree
Tukano Lonchocarpus spp. ehû ehû inheritance Proto-Tukanoan uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation yes [used to poison people] shrub/tree
Wapishana Lonchocarpus spp. uku uku inheritance Proto-Arawak See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation yes [used to poison people] shrub/tree
Yanomami Lonchocarpus spp. yaraka henakɨ jaɾaka henakɨ unique hena = CLF "magic/useful plants", kɨ = CLF "serpentiform beings" phrase small sardines + leaves of various plants See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation yes [used to poison people] shrub/tree
Yukuna Lonchocarpus spp. kuna 'barbasco cultivado', kuna'apí 'barbasco silvestre', pupe'ejrí 'barbasco cultivado' kuna, kunaʔaˈpi, pupeʔehˈɾi inheritance North Arawak Also kuna'apí 'barbasco silvestre', pupe'ejrí 'barbasco cultivado' uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation yes [used to poison people] shrub/tree
Yuhup Lonchocarpus spp. d'ûc dˀûc inheritance underived See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation yes [used to poison people] shrub/tree
Achagua Lonchocarpus spp. kúuna kúuna inheritance See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Piapoco Lonchocarpus spp. cúna kúna See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Kabiyari Lonchocarpus spp. jáame jáame See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Yavitero Lonchocarpus spp. kúya, unája kúja, unáha See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Mandawaka Lonchocarpus spp. kú:na kú:na See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Wayuu Lonchocarpus spp. [kaɲer̃uši] See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation From Span. 'caña dulce'.
Paresi Lonchocarpus spp. ikona ikjuna inheritance See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Waurá Lonchocarpus spp. kuna kuna inheritance See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Cha'palaa Lonchocarpus spp. 'lunbu-'tape See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation Leaves of this plant are used to poison fish.
Bora Lonchocarpus spp. mújcuri (T98) mɯ́xkʰɯri unique See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Muinane Lonchocarpus spp. jɨ́ɨ́mino (W97) xɨ́ɨ́mino See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Wayana Lonchocarpus spp. tëma, hali-hali tǝma, hali-hali loan Tupi-Guarani See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Tiriyó Lonchocarpus spp. ineku ineku inheritance See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Mapoyo Lonchocarpus spp. kaari, yaapi (domestic) kaari, yaapi (domestic) See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Wai Wai Lonchocarpus spp. umawa umawa unknown See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Yukpa Lonchocarpus spp. wɨsa ( r) wɨsa ( r) See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation Phon only in source shrub/tree
Northern Emberá Lonchocarpus spp. do'kãɨ̃ (IDS) do'kãɨ̃ (IDS) See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Epena Lonchocarpus spp. to'kʰã See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation Actually is a leaf—not root. 'Curare' is pa'kʰuru 'neera, 'tree poison'.
Cofán Lonchocarpus spp. seña´mba sɛɲaʔmba See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS shrub/tree
Candoshi-Shapra Lonchocarpus spp. tĩmó tĩmó loan Tupi-Guarani, via Jivaroan? See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Taushiro Lonchocarpus spp. he´icha hɨʔiʃa See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Páez Lonchocarpus spp. see see See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Tikuna Lonchocarpus spp. ô-ûn (Alv44) oʔun unique See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Andoke Lonchocarpus spp. yikǝ̃kǝ̃ 'poison' yikǝ̃kǝ̃ 'poison' unknown See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Pumé Lonchocarpus spp. bɛ See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Ashuar Lonchocarpus spp. tímu timu See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Huambisa Lonchocarpus spp. timu timu See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Aguaruna Lonchocarpus spp. timu timu loan Tupi-Guarani, prob. loan into Candoshi See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Nadëb/Roçado dialect Lonchocarpus spp. dṵːj inheritance See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect Lonchocarpus spp. dṵːj See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Matses Lonchocarpus spp. ancueste, antinte ankueste, antinte unknown See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Kakataibo Lonchocarpus spp. ʔa'ṣ̌ã-ti See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation *Panoan form is *ʔaṣ̌ã-.
Katukina Lonchocarpus spp. aša See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation Refers to the leaves and berries of the aša plant, which they cultivate for fishing by stunning the fish with the mixture.
Shipibo-Konibo Lonchocarpus spp. warawasko See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Yaminahua Lonchocarpus spp. [βaraβasko] See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Chácobo Lonchocarpus spp. aṣ̌a-; sɨmɨ aṣ̌a-; sɨmɨ inheritance (or loan proto-Tacanan?) cf. Tacanan *aça, Panoan *ʔaṣ̌ã- See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Yagua Lonchocarpus spp. tatyu tatjũ unique See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Southern Pastaza Quechua Lonchocarpus spp. warwascu waɾwasku See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Napo Lowland Quichua Lonchocarpus spp. barbascu baɾbasku See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Piaroa Lonchocarpus spp. i'c'ta' wo'dúh iɁsɁtaɁ woɁdúh unknown See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Sáliva Lonchocarpus spp. texu texu unknown See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Carapana Lonchocarpus spp. esu ɛsu See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Makuna Lonchocarpus spp. cũra kũna loan Arawak (prob. Baniwa) See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Siriano Lonchocarpus spp. waainímagʉ waainímagɨ See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Tanimuca Lonchocarpus spp. e'dyo bĩ'hĩã e'ʎo bĩ'hĩã inheritance See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Tuyuka Lonchocarpus spp. eyu eju See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Koreguaje Lonchocarpus spp. ote ñaña othe ɲaɲa inheritance cf. Cubeo See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Siona Lonchocarpus spp. eo eo inheritance See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Secoya Lonchocarpus spp. eo, to'te eo ɛɔ, tɔʔtɛ ɛɔ See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Karitiana Lonchocarpus spp. tig, topyk tig, topɨk unknown maybe cognate 'tingui' (fish w/ timbo) See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Kokama Lonchocarpus spp. timu timu inheritance See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Wayampi Lonchocarpus spp. ɨmɛku ɨmɛku loan Carib, cf. Taranoan ineku See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Paraguayan Guaraní Lonchocarpus spp. poha ǰukaha; popĩa See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation Also pohã-mano; ǰukaha.
Sirionó Lonchocarpus spp. isioro, irateɨri (P85) isioroˌ irateɨri unknown See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Kamayurá Lonchocarpus spp. tsimo tsimo inheritance See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Ocaina Lonchocarpus spp. onmán õmã́n unique See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Murui Witoto Lonchocarpus spp. fuìao, nucuo ɸuìao, nukuo (B83) unique See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Iquito Lonchocarpus spp. nuúruu nuúruu unknown cf. Kakua-Nukak? See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Záparo Lonchocarpus spp. ityawryawka itjawrjawka See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Wari Lonchocarpus spp. karatokwe (Sousa2009) karatokwe (Sousa2009) See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Araona Lonchocarpus spp. ac̷a; masa-masa-iɲa See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation Respectively: 'barbasco'(root); and a leaf poison. To poison (fish) is kʷia. *Tacn form is *ac̷a.
Ese Ejja/Huarayo Lonchocarpus spp. akwi mano-xe akwi mano-xe See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Cavineña Lonchocarpus spp. ac̷a; oʔo kono ac̷a; oʔo kono See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Mosetén-Chimané Lonchocarpus spp. či'tuʔ See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Trumai Lonchocarpus spp. katlis katlis See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Djeoromitxi Lonchocarpus spp. tane, pfütxe tane, ɸøtʃe See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Toba Lonchocarpus spp. šipatoḳ; lpataik See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation Respectively: against 'piraña' and 'stingray'.
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet Lonchocarpus spp. paanaʔteem; seŋwayˀ See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay Lonchocarpus spp. kano'hi See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation shrub/tree
Ayoreo Lonchocarpus spp. ere-'n̥ai bisi-'di See Language page secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation Also ere-'n̥ai. Cf. 'poison' 04.890.
Lokono Lonchocarpus spp. haiari haiari rope with strong legume scent, used as a fish poison Fanshawe 1949:62 secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation yes [used to poison people]
Kariña Lonchocarpus spp. ineku ineku poisonous liana sp. Courtz 2007:275 secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation yes [used to poison people]