Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

fish poison, barbasco

Semantic Field: flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: barbasco, matapez (Colombia)
Meaning Portuguese: timbó

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Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Hypernym	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	Medicinal Notes	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Psychotropic Notes	Traded	Trade Notes	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous	Ethnobiology Notes	Species Notes	General Notes

Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Source	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Food Source	Medicinal	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Traded	Distribution	Dangerous	General Notes
Achagua	Lonchocarpus spp.	kúuna	kúuna		inheritance								See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Aguaruna	Lonchocarpus spp.	timu	timu		loan		Tupi-Guarani, prob. loan into Candoshi						See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Andoke	Lonchocarpus spp.	yikǝ̃kǝ̃ 'poison'	yikǝ̃kǝ̃ 'poison'		unknown								See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Araona	Lonchocarpus spp.		ac̷a; masa-masa-iɲa										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		Respectively: 'barbasco'(root); and a leaf poison. To poison (fish) is kʷia. Tacn form is ac̷a.
Ashuar	Lonchocarpus spp.	tímu	timu										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Ayoreo	Lonchocarpus spp.		ere-'n̥ai bisi-'di										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		Also ere-'n̥ai. Cf. 'poison' 04.890.
Baniwa	Lonchocarpus spp.	kóona (there are others)	kóona (there are others)		inheritance	North Arawak		Plus other terms	uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0				0	0	secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation	yes [used to poison people]	shrub/tree
Bora	Lonchocarpus spp.	mújcuri (T98)	mɯ́xkʰɯri		unique								See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Candoshi-Shapra	Lonchocarpus spp.	tĩmó	tĩmó		loan		Tupi-Guarani, via Jivaroan?						See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Carapana	Lonchocarpus spp.	esu	ɛsu										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Carijona	Lonchocarpus spp.	ineku (M2000)			inheritance			Carib cure is reportedly source of Sp/Pt curare.					See Language page	0	0	0				0	0	secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation	yes [used to poison people]	shrub/tree
Cavineña	Lonchocarpus spp.	ac̷a; oʔo kono	ac̷a; oʔo kono										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Cha'palaa	Lonchocarpus spp.		'lunbu-'tape										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		Leaves of this plant are used to poison fish.
Chácobo	Lonchocarpus spp.	aṣ̌a-; sɨmɨ	aṣ̌a-; sɨmɨ		inheritance (or loan proto-Tacanan?)		cf. Tacanan aça, Panoan ʔaṣ̌ã-						See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Cofán	Lonchocarpus spp.	seña´mba	sɛɲaʔmba										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS shrub/tree
Cubeo	Lonchocarpus spp.	cʉ̃́boacʉ, cʉ̃́cʉ, euracʉ, euracʉ ʉrayocacʉ, oteieomu	kʉ̃́boakʉ, kʉ̃́kʉ, ɛulakʉ, ɛulakʉ ʉlajokakʉ, otɛiɛomu		unknown; inheritance			Also kʉ̃́kʉ, ɛulakʉ, ɛulakʉ ʉlajɔkakʉ, ɔtɛiɛɔmu	uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0				0	0	secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation	yes [used to poison people]	shrub/tree
Desano	Lonchocarpus spp.	nia	nia		unique				uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0				0	0	secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation	yes [used to poison people]	shrub/tree
Djeoromitxi	Lonchocarpus spp.	tane, pfütxe	tane, ɸøtʃe										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Dâw	Lonchocarpus spp.	duús	dǔʃ		inheritance				underived				See Language page	0	0	0				0	0	secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation	yes [used to poison people]	shrub/tree
Epena	Lonchocarpus spp.		to'kʰã										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		Actually is a leaf—not root. 'Curare' is pa'kʰuru 'neera, 'tree poison'.
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	Lonchocarpus spp.	akwi mano-xe	akwi mano-xe										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Eñepa	Lonchocarpus spp.	kanatïnto, kayen (MM)	kanatɨnto, kajen (MM)		unknown			Also kajen					See Language page	0	0	0				0	0	secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation	yes [used to poison people]	shrub/tree
Guayabero	Lonchocarpus spp.	chon	tʃon		unknown				missing				See Language page	0	0	0				0	0	secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation	yes [used to poison people]	shrub/tree
Hodï	Lonchocarpus spp.	matu'nəu			unique				uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0				0	0	secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation	yes [used to poison people]	shrub/tree
Huambisa	Lonchocarpus spp.	timu	timu										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Hup	Lonchocarpus spp.	d'ǔç	d'ǔç		inheritance				underived				See Language page	0	0	0	gathered, cultivated?	men	lengths are beaten into water to release poison; stuns fish	0	0	secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation	yes [used to poison people]	shrub/tree
Iquito	Lonchocarpus spp.	nuúruu	nuúruu		unknown		cf. Kakua-Nukak?						See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Kabiyari	Lonchocarpus spp.	jáame	jáame										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Kakataibo	Lonchocarpus spp.		ʔa'ṣ̌ã-ti										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		Panoan form is ʔaṣ̌ã-.
Kakua	Lonchocarpus spp.	~dud'	~dûdɁ		inheritance				underived				See Language page	0	0	0				0	0	secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation	yes [used to poison people]	shrub/tree
Kamayurá	Lonchocarpus spp.	tsimo	tsimo		inheritance								See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Kariña	Lonchocarpus spp.	ineku	ineku	poisonous liana sp.									Courtz 2007:275									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation	yes [used to poison people]
Karitiana	Lonchocarpus spp.	tig, topyk	tig, topɨk		unknown		maybe cognate 'tingui' (fish w/ timbo)						See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Katukina	Lonchocarpus spp.		aša										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		Refers to the leaves and berries of the aša plant, which they cultivate for fishing by stunning the fish with the mixture.
Kokama	Lonchocarpus spp.	timu	timu		inheritance								See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Koreguaje	Lonchocarpus spp.	ote ñaña	othe ɲaɲa		inheritance		cf. Cubeo						See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Lokono	Lonchocarpus spp.	haiari	haiari	rope with strong legume scent, used as a fish poison									Fanshawe 1949:62									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation	yes [used to poison people]
Maihiki	Lonchocarpus spp.	eo ja	eo xã		inheritance	Proto-Tukanoan			uncoded		xã	xã (orth. ja) = inanimate	See Language page	0	0	0				0	0	secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation	yes [used to poison people]	shrub/tree
Makuna	Lonchocarpus spp.	cũra	kũna		loan		Arawak (prob. Baniwa)						See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Makushi	Lonchocarpus spp.	aya	aja		inheritance								See Language page	0	0	0				0	0	secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation	yes [used to poison people]	shrub/tree
Mandawaka	Lonchocarpus spp.	kú:na	kú:na										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Mapoyo	Lonchocarpus spp.	kaari, yaapi (domestic)	kaari, yaapi (domestic)										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Matses	Lonchocarpus spp.	ancueste, antinte	ankueste, antinte		unknown								See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Mosetén-Chimané	Lonchocarpus spp.		či'tuʔ										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Muinane	Lonchocarpus spp.	jɨ́ɨ́mino (W97)	xɨ́ɨ́mino										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Murui Witoto	Lonchocarpus spp.	fuìao, nucuo	ɸuìao, nukuo (B83)		unique								See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect	Lonchocarpus spp.		dṵːj										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Nadëb/Roçado dialect	Lonchocarpus spp.		dṵːj		inheritance								See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Napo Lowland Quichua	Lonchocarpus spp.	barbascu	baɾbasku										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Nheengatu	Lonchocarpus spp.	timbu, kunambi (flowwing plant, not a poisonous vine, but it is used as fish poison)	timbu, kunambi (flowwing plant, not a poisonous vine, but it is used as fish poison)		inheritance	Proto-Tupi-Guarani		Reconstructed PTG Mello 2000. Also: kunambi (plant, not vine)	underived				See Language page	0	0	0				0	0	secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation	yes [used to poison people]	shrub/tree
Northern Emberá	Lonchocarpus spp.	do'kãɨ̃ (IDS)	do'kãɨ̃ (IDS)										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Nukak	Lonchocarpus spp.	nuún (P07)			inheritance				uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0				0	0	secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation	yes [used to poison people]	shrub/tree
Ocaina	Lonchocarpus spp.	onmán	õmã́n		unique								See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Paraguayan Guaraní	Lonchocarpus spp.		poha ǰukaha; popĩa										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		Also pohã-mano; ǰukaha.
Paresi	Lonchocarpus spp.	ikona	ikjuna		inheritance								See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Pemon	Lonchocarpus spp.	ara (Pessoa2006)	ara (Pessoa2006)		inheritance								See Language page	0	0	0				0	0	secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation	yes [used to poison people]	shrub/tree
Piapoco	Lonchocarpus spp.	cúna	kúna										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Piaroa	Lonchocarpus spp.	i'c'ta' wo'dúh	iɁsɁtaɁ woɁdúh		unknown								See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Pumé	Lonchocarpus spp.	bɛ											See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Páez	Lonchocarpus spp.	see	see										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Resígaro	Lonchocarpus spp.	konáapi	konáapi		inheritance	North Arawak			uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0				0	0	secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation	yes [used to poison people]	shrub/tree
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet	Lonchocarpus spp.		paanaʔteem; seŋwayˀ										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Sanumá	Lonchocarpus spp.	thoo	thoo		unique				missing				See Language page	0	0	0				0	0	secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation	yes [used to poison people]	shrub/tree
Secoya	Lonchocarpus spp.	eo, to'te eo	ɛɔ, tɔʔtɛ ɛɔ										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Shipibo-Konibo	Lonchocarpus spp.		warawasko										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Sikuani	Lonchocarpus spp.	araita			doubtful loan		Carib (Pemon?)		missing				See Language page	0	0	0				0	0	secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation	yes [used to poison people]	shrub/tree
Siona	Lonchocarpus spp.	eo	eo		inheritance								See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Siriano	Lonchocarpus spp.	waainímagʉ	waainímagɨ										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Sirionó	Lonchocarpus spp.	isioro, irateɨri (P85)	isioroˌ irateɨri		unknown								See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Southern Pastaza Quechua	Lonchocarpus spp.	warwascu	waɾwasku										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Sáliva	Lonchocarpus spp.	texu	texu		unknown								See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Tanimuca	Lonchocarpus spp.	e'dyo bĩ'hĩã	e'ʎo bĩ'hĩã		inheritance								See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Tariana	Lonchocarpus spp.	kesí-na	kesí-na		unique				uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0				0	0	secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation	yes [used to poison people]	shrub/tree
Taushiro	Lonchocarpus spp.	he´icha	hɨʔiʃa										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Tikuna	Lonchocarpus spp.	ô-ûn (Alv44)	oʔun		unique								See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Tiriyó	Lonchocarpus spp.	ineku	ineku		inheritance								See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Toba	Lonchocarpus spp.		šipatoḳ; lpataik										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		Respectively: against 'piraña' and 'stingray'.
Trumai	Lonchocarpus spp.	katlis	katlis										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Tukano	Lonchocarpus spp.	ehû	ehû		inheritance	Proto-Tukanoan			uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0				0	0	secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation	yes [used to poison people]	shrub/tree
Tuyuka	Lonchocarpus spp.	eyu	eju										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Wai Wai	Lonchocarpus spp.	umawa	umawa		unknown								See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Waorani	Lonchocarpus spp.	menico (Lonchocarpus nicou)			unique				uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0				0	0	secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation	yes [used to poison people]	shrub/tree
Wapishana	Lonchocarpus spp.	uku	uku		inheritance	Proto-Arawak							See Language page	0	0	0				0	0	secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation	yes [used to poison people]	shrub/tree
Wari	Lonchocarpus spp.	karatokwe (Sousa2009)	karatokwe (Sousa2009)										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Waurá	Lonchocarpus spp.	kuna	kuna		inheritance								See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Wayampi	Lonchocarpus spp.	ɨmɛku	ɨmɛku		loan		Carib, cf. Taranoan ineku						See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Wayana	Lonchocarpus spp.	tëma, hali-hali	tǝma, hali-hali		loan		Tupi-Guarani						See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Wayuu	Lonchocarpus spp.		[kaɲer̃uši]										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		From Span. 'caña dulce'.
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay	Lonchocarpus spp.		kano'hi										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Yagua	Lonchocarpus spp.	tatyu	tatjũ		unique								See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Yaminahua	Lonchocarpus spp.		[βaraβasko]										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Yanomami	Lonchocarpus spp.	yaraka henakɨ	jaɾaka henakɨ		unique			hena = CLF "magic/useful plants", kɨ = CLF "serpentiform beings"	phrase	small sardines + leaves of various plants			See Language page	0	0	0				0	0	secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation	yes [used to poison people]	shrub/tree
Yavitero	Lonchocarpus spp.	kúya, unája	kúja, unáha										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree
Yuhup	Lonchocarpus spp.	d'ûc	dˀûc		inheritance				underived				See Language page	0	0	0				0	0	secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation	yes [used to poison people]	shrub/tree
Yukpa	Lonchocarpus spp.	wɨsa ( r)	wɨsa ( r)										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		Phon only in source shrub/tree
Yukuna	Lonchocarpus spp.	kuna 'barbasco cultivado', kuna'apí 'barbasco silvestre', pupe'ejrí 'barbasco cultivado'	kuna, kunaʔaˈpi, pupeʔehˈɾi		inheritance	North Arawak		Also kuna'apí 'barbasco silvestre', pupe'ejrí 'barbasco cultivado'	uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0				0	0	secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation	yes [used to poison people]	shrub/tree
Záparo	Lonchocarpus spp.	ityawryawka	itjawrjawka										See Language page									secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation		shrub/tree


Achagua
Aguaruna
Andoke
Araona
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Bora
Candoshi-Shapra
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Cha'palaa
Chácobo
Cofán
Cubeo
Desano
Djeoromitxi
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Eñepa
Guayabero
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Iquito
Kabiyari
Kakataibo
Kakua
Kamayurá
Kariña
Karitiana
Katukina
Kokama
Koreguaje
Lokono
Maihiki
Makuna
Makushi
Mandawaka
Mapoyo
Matses
Mosetén-Chimané
Muinane
Murui Witoto
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Nheengatu
Northern Emberá
Nukak
Ocaina
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pumé
Páez
Resígaro
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Secoya
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Siona
Siriano
Sirionó
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Sáliva
Tanimuca
Tariana
Taushiro
Tikuna
Tiriyó
Toba
Trumai
Tukano
Tuyuka
Wai Wai
Waorani
Wapishana
Wari
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yanomami
Yavitero
Yuhup
Yukpa
Yukuna
Záparo

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