Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

woodpecker

Semantic Field: flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: pájaro carpintero, carpintero
Meaning Portuguese: pica-pau

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Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Hypernym	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	Medicinal Notes	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Psychotropic Notes	Traded	Trade Notes	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous	Ethnobiology Notes	Species Notes	General Notes

Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Source	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Food Source	Medicinal	Psychotropic	Traded	Distribution	Dangerous	General Notes
Achagua	family Picidae	walápueri	walápueri		unique									See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Aguaruna	family Picidae	sawáke (small type), tátasham	sawáke (small type), tátaʃam		inheritance									See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Akawaio	family Picidae	sabeereedek, kaiparak	saberedɛk, kaɪparak		unknown	Akawaio, Pemon	shared Pemon	Also: kaɪparak						See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no
Andoke	family Picidae	sinə̃de	çinə̃de		unique									See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Apalai	family Picidae	etu	etu		inheritance									See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Ashuar	family Picidae	sawáke, taráshaam, tatásham	sawakɯ, taraʃa:m, tataʃam											See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Baniwa	family Picidae	kówhee	kówhee, ţuwáapa (FS)		inheritance		similarity to 'creator'; compare Wanadi in Makiritare	Also ţuwáapa (FS)		uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no
Baure	family Picidae	tatasoe	tatasoe		unique									See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Bora	family Picidae	tóhmiba	tʰóʔmipa		unique									See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Candoshi-Shapra	family Picidae	pĩvaashi	pĩwaaʃi		loan, direction unknown		Iquito panási							See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Carapana	family Picidae	cõne	kõnɛ̃											See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Carijona	family Picidae	kue:tú (we:tú? M2000)			inheritance									See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no
Cavineña	family Picidae	mayahua (C&L89)	majawa											See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Cofán	family Picidae	toronzé'nze, a´cho cocosumo (OP79)	toronzɛʔnzɛ											See Language page						Widespread Amazonia		phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Cubeo	family Picidae	kɔ̃lɛkɔ (generic term), takɛkɔ̃lɛkɔ (carpintero amarillo), kɔ̃lɛkɔ ʉlakɔ (carpintero gigante), pĩkɔlɛnɛkɔ (carpintero negro azul), kɔ̃lɛkɔ ʉlakɔ (carpintero pescuecirrojo), pidukɔ̃lɛkɔ (carpintero rabadilla roja), javikɔ̃lɛkɔ (carpintero real barbirrayad			inheritance	Proto-Tukanoan		Also takɛkɔ̃lɛkɔ (carpintero amarillo), kɔ̃lɛkɔ ʉlakɔ (carpintero gigante), pĩkɔlɛnɛkɔ (carpintero negro azul), kɔ̃lɛkɔ ʉlakɔ (carpintero pescuecirrojo), pidukɔ̃lɛkɔ (carpintero rabadilla roja), javikɔ̃lɛkɔ (carpintero real barbirrayado), pĩkɔkɔlɛkɔ (carp		uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no
Djeoromitxi	family Picidae	mioro	mioro											See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Dâw	family Picidae	xôòb	xôb		inheritance					missing				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no
Eñepa	family Picidae	awako, ejporo (campephilus) (MM)	awako (MM)		unique			Also ejporo (campephilus)						See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no
Huambisa	family Picidae	sawake	sawakɨ											See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Hup	family Picidae	hǒb	hǒb		inheritance					underived				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no
Iquito	family Picidae	panási (general term); músati (Campylorhampus sp.); panasi ihuítani (Dryocopus lineatus, MC: woodpecker ɨ big); panási musútina (Celeus flavus, MC: woodpecker ɨ white); pasiíja (Dendrocincla spp.); páasi ípuusi (Dendrocolaptidae, MC: compound, Lit: 'tripa	panási (general term); músati (Campylorhampus sp.); panasi iwítani (Drjocopus lineatus, MC: woodpecker + big); panási musútina (Celeus flavus, MC: woodpecker + white); pasiíha (Dendrocincla spp.); páasi ípuusi (Dendrocolaptidae, MC: compound, Lit: 'tripa		loan, direction unknown		Candoshi pĩwaaʃi							See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Kaingang	family Picidae	sãkrĩgò	sãkɾĩgò											See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Kakua	family Picidae	pʉ:lʉt, pʉ:rʉt	pɨlɨt		unknown					onomatopoeic				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no
Kalapalo	family Picidae	itu	itu		inheritance									See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Kariña	family Picidae	wetu	wetu	woodpecker										Courtz 2007:427						Widespread Amazonia	no
Karitiana	family Picidae	yrypãn	ɨɾɨpãn		unknown									See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Koreguaje	family Picidae	kone	khone		inheritance									See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Kotiria	family Picidae	seneno (black-blue); corẽ (all Waltz)	seneno; koɾẽ (all Waltz)		inheritance	Proto-Tukanoan		Also seneno (black-blue woodpecker)		uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no
Kwazá	family Picidae	mouru, txikere	mouru, txikere											See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Lokono	family Picidae	hududi	hududi	black and white woodpeckers										Fanshawe 1949:63						Widespread Amazonia	no
Macaguan	family Picidae	jetsár	hetsáɾ		unique					uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no
Maihiki	family Picidae	cone aguɨ	kone agɨ		inheritance	Proto-Tukanoan				uncoded		agɨ	agɨ = masculine animate	See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no
Makiritare	family Picidae	wana:di (KH)	wana:di		semantic shift		believed to be spirit of Wanadi, creator; compare Arawak forms resembling kuwai							See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Makuna	family Picidae	cõne	kõnɛ		inheritance									See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Mapoyo	family Picidae	kamaiwa	kamaiwa											See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Matses	family Picidae	odosco, todon	odosko, todon		unknown									See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Movima	family Picidae	ya'yama (J62)	ja'jama											See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Muinane	family Picidae	babáiho, jɨ́suɨ (W97)	babáiʔo, xɨ́suɨ											See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Murui Witoto	family Picidae	amederaɨma	amederaɯma (B83; see also various species)		unique									See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Nadëb/Roçado dialect	family Picidae		tarɤŋ		doubtful loan		cf. Matses todon							See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Napo Lowland Quichua	family Picidae	buquirima, ayapana (OP79)	bukiɾima											See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Nheengatu	family Picidae	arapáçu	aɾapásu		inheritance	Subgroup Urubu-Kaapor		Mello 2000		underived				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no
Northern Emberá	family Picidae	sorré	sorré											See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Ocaina	family Picidae	ícooro (possible loan from Tukano??), tóónma ícooro, jidyotyo, con̈óójunco	íkooro, tóónma íkooro, hidʲotʲo, kon̵óóhunko		doubtful loan		Tukanoan kone							See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Paresi	family Picidae	toloˈmare	tuluˈmare		unique									See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Pemon	family Picidae	sapeereetek (E1980)	saperetɛk (E1980)		unknown	Akawaio, Pemon	shared Akawaio				May contain sape 'moth'			See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no
Piapoco	family Picidae	yàalubái imàníirinái (yàalubái 'furniture', imàníirinái 'someone who make sth' ), θú(u)wa	jàalubái imàní:ɾinái, θú(u)wa											See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Piaroa	family Picidae	phehé'phɨ' (K76)	phehéʔphɨʔ		unique									See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Puinave	family Picidae	iãp	ɲãp		unique									See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Páez	family Picidae	anza												See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Quechua Ayacuchano	family Picidae	akakllu	akakʎu											See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Resígaro	family Picidae	tshoófú 'large woodpecker'	tsʰoófú 'laɾge woodpeckeɾ'		unique					uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no
Secoya	family Picidae	cone	kɔ̃nɛ											See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Sikuani	family Picidae	naedokodoko (24)	naedókodóko		unique					missing				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no
Sáliva	family Picidae	culichichi	kuliʧiʧi		unique									See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Tikuna	family Picidae	én-rú (Alv44)	énʔrú		unique									See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Tiriyó	family Picidae	pïmuriri	pɨmuriri		unique									See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Tukano	family Picidae	kõré	kõré		inheritance	Proto-Tukanoan				uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no
Waorani	family Picidae	kegitæ			unique					missing				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no
Wari	family Picidae	patʃamʔ (Sousa2009)	patʃamʔ (Sousa2009)											See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Wayampi	family Picidae	pekũ (G89)	pekũ (G89)		inheritance									See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Wayana	family Picidae	wetu	wetu		inheritance									See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Yagua	family Picidae	ripyo	ripjõ		unique									See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Yanomami	family Picidae	eshãmɨ, toromɨ, shuririãmɨ, thëëthëëmɨ	eʃãmɨ (camepephilus sp., dryocopus lineatus), toɾom ɨ (camepephilus sp., d. lineatus), ʃuɾiɾiã̃mɨ (celeus elegans, c. grammicus), tʰəətʰəəmɨ (celeus flavus, c. torquatus)		unknown			See also toɾomɨ (camepephilus sp., d. lineatus), ʃuɾiɾiã̃mɨ (celeus elegans, c. grammicus), tʰəətʰəəmɨ (celeus flavus, c. torquatus)	Narrower	underived				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no
Yavitero	family Picidae	yatútsi	jatútsi											See Language page						Widespread Amazonia
Yukpa	family Picidae	sakurare (SM)	sakurare (SM)											See Language page						Widespread Amazonia		Phon only in source
Yukuna	family Picidae	mera'aní, mera'amí, θu waʔphá, kuwajé	mera'aní, mera'amí, θu waʔphá, kuwajé		unique		cf. 'kuwaje' form, compare Baniwa, Makiritare			uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread Amazonia	no
Záparo	family Picidae	muhukuruka (large woodpecker)	muhukuruka											See Language page						Widespread Amazonia


Achagua
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Andoke
Apalai
Ashuar
Baniwa
Baure
Bora
Candoshi-Shapra
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Cofán
Cubeo
Djeoromitxi
Dâw
Eñepa
Huambisa
Hup
Iquito
Kaingang
Kakua
Kalapalo
Kariña
Karitiana
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lokono
Macaguan
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Mapoyo
Matses
Movima
Muinane
Murui Witoto
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Nheengatu
Northern Emberá
Ocaina
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Puinave
Páez
Quechua Ayacuchano
Resígaro
Secoya
Sikuani
Sáliva
Tikuna
Tiriyó
Tukano
Waorani
Wari
Wayampi
Wayana
Yagua
Yanomami
Yavitero
Yukpa
Yukuna
Záparo

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