tobacco
- Semantic Field
- flora-fauna
- Part of Speech
- Meaning Spanish
- tabaco
- Meaning Portuguese
- tabaco
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Languages
| Language | Linnean Name | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Etymology Notes | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Range of Term | Word Structure | Word Structure Notes | Classifier | Classifier Notes | Hypernym | Source | Association with Social Categories | Ritual/Mythologically Significant | Ritual Notes | Food Source | Food Notes | Medicinal | Medicinal Notes | How Collected | Who Collects | How Prepared | Psychotropic | Psychotropic Notes | Traded | Trade Notes | Distribution | Habitat | Dangerous | Ethnobiology Notes | Species Notes | General Notes |
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Language | Linnean Name | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Etymology Notes | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Range of Term | Word Structure | Word Structure Notes | Classifier | Classifier Notes | Hypernym | Source | Association with Social Categories | Ritual/Mythologically Significant | Ritual Notes | Food Source | Food Notes | Medicinal | Medicinal Notes | How Collected | Who Collects | How Prepared | Psychotropic | Psychotropic Notes | Traded | Trade Notes | Distribution | Habitat | Dangerous | Ethnobiology Notes | Species Notes | General Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | Nicotiana tabacum | tʃé:ma (dp91) | tʃé:ma (dp91) | inheritance | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aguaruna | Nicotiana tabacum | tsaág | tsa:ng | doubtful loan into protolanguage | Arawak tsema | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Akawaio | Nicotiana tabacum | tamɨ (SM) | tamɨ (SM) | inheritance | Proto-Carib | See Language page | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Andoke | Nicotiana tabacum | táu | táu | unique | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Apalai | Nicotiana tabacum | tamyaryry, matary | tamɨarɨrɨ, matarɨ | inheritance | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ashuar | Nicotiana tabacum | tsaang | tsa:ŋ | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ayoreo | Nicotiana tabacum | si-'di | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Baniwa | Nicotiana tabacum | dzéema | dzéema | inheritance | Proto-Arawak (North and South) | uncoded | See Language page | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bankalachi Toloim | Nicotiana spp. | so-kunt' | Indian tobacco (Nicotiana spp) | loan | Yokutsan (arealism) | Tubatulabal has same loan, which is from ultimately Yok-Utian form, so should be counted as loan one level up at least | WW | %sokon | same | underived | C. H. Merriam 72-79, 60-473 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Barasano | Nicotiana tabacum | bɨ̃dṍ | bɨ̃dṍ | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bará | Nicotiana tabacum | bɨ̃'dṍ | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Baure | Nicotiana tabacum | son | son | unknown | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Big Smokey Valley Shoshone | Nicotiana spp. | nymy-pahmon | wild tobacco | inheritance | Yokutsan | Loan into Proto-Central Numic | WW | %pa7mo | same | phrase | Indian tobacco | Crapo 1976:145 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Bora | Nicotiana tabacum | panʸe | panʲɛ | inheritance | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cahuilla | Nicotiana spp. | pívat | ˈpivat | tobacco, smoking | inheritance | *pipaC (*pipat?) | Uto-Aztecan | S2290 (Stubbs 2009:310) | same | other complex | piva-t | -m-exan-7a "inanimate" | -m-exan-7a (inanimate classifier) | Seiler&Hioki 1979:156 | no info | 1 | innumerable ritual uses | 1 | 1 | water solution as vomiturge, leaves as poultices, steam inhaled for colds, etc. | Gathered (wild but closely managed) | All | smoked in pipe, chewed with lime, drunk as decoction depending on use | 1 | associated with “ecstatic experience”, shamanic journeys | 0 | All Americas | Diverse habitats | yes | |||||||||
| Camsa | Nicotiana tabacum | tbáko(SP loan) | tbáko(SP loan) | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Candoshi-Shapra | Nicotiana tabacum | tsapantsi | tsapantsi | unique | cf. Jivaro, Arawak? | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Canela | Nicotiana tabacum | parho | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carapana | Nicotiana tabacum | mʉno | mɨ̃nõ, bɨ̃dṍ | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carijona | Nicotiana tabacum | tamwinto | ta’mɯ (H&R) | inheritance | Proto-Carib | Compare Arawak, possibly early loan. Also tamwinto (D&S1973) | See Language page | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cavineña | Nicotiana tabacum | omaha | omaha | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cayuvava | Nicotiana tabacum | upe ~ upæ | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Central Aymara | Nicotiana tabacum | tʰuxsa-tʰuxsa | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Central Sierra Miwok | Nicotiana spp. | hú:Tija- | tobacco | unique | other complex | -ja | Freeland & Broadbent 1960 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cha'palaa | Nicotiana tabacum | ['taaku] | See Language page | From Span. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chemehuevi | Nicotiana spp. | ko-ahp”B | koɂwápI JPH | Wild tobacco (Nicotiana) | inheritance | *ko'aC | Southern Numic only | Stubbs 2293 (2008:310); isn't there a similar Hopi word? | same | other complex | has -pɨ ABS | Merriam 59:547 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Chiriguano | Nicotiana tabacum | pẽtɨ | inheritance | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chorote, Iyojwa'ja | Nicotiana tabacum | inyewut; -xlanek ~ -xlyenek | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chumash Barbareno | Nicotiana spp. | show | tobacco | loan into protolanguage | Central Chumash only | Yokuts | WW | %sokon | underived | Timbrook 2007:149 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chumash Ineseno | Nicotiana spp. | šoo | tobacco | loan into protolanguage | Central Chumash only | Yokuts | loan from Yokutsan into Central Chumash | WW | %sokon | underived | Heizer Pinart I:52 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Chumash Obispeno | Nicotiana spp. | stu'yi' | Indian tobacco | loan | Costanoan | I think this is from t-su7yi and cognate with the %sokon loans, perhaps reflecting Costanoan vocalismin the suk-m words, so an earlier loan? | WW | %sokon | underived | Timbrook 2007:126 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chumash Ventureno | Nicotiana spp. | show | Nicotiana quadrivalvis, Indian tobacco | loan into protolanguage | Central Chumash only | Yokuts | loan from Yokutsan into Central Chumash | WW | %sokon | underived | Timbrook 2007:126 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Chácobo | Nicotiana tabacum | romɨ | romɨ | inheritance | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cocopa | Nicotiana spp. | ɂu·p | tobacco, cigarette | loan into protolanguage | Proto-Yuman | unknown | Mojave 'a'uuv, etc. This must be a very old loan from "Hokan"-level antiquity, or perhaps substratal, cf. Karuk 7uhípih, Chimariko h-óphat ‘smoking’, Proto-Palaihnihan *o:xpi (a Campbell "Pan-Americanism" but in fact only in California, I think) | WW | %7u:p | broader (includes cigarette) | underived | Crawford 1989 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cofán | Nicotiana tabacum | ccumba | khɯmba | See Language page | phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comanche | Nicotiana spp. | pahmu | tobacco | loan | Yokuts | loan is into Proto-central Numic, of course | WW | %pa7mo | same | underived | Robinson & Armagost 1990:166 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Cubeo | Nicotiana tabacum | buchi, buchitʉrava | bu'tʃí, butʃitʉlava | unique | Also butʃitʉlava | uncoded | See Language page | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cuiva | Nicotiana tabacum | tséma | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cupeño | Nicotiana spp. | pivat | ˈpivat | tobacco | inheritance | *pipaC- | Uto-Aztecan | S2290 (Stubbs 2009:310) | narrower (includes only the wild Nicotianas, not commercial tobacco) | other complex | ˈpiva-t tobacco-npn | Hill & Nolasquez 1973:168 | no info | 1 | “ceremonial smoking accompanied all serious ceremonies...(Strong 1929:267) | 1 | most parts of plants poisonous | 1 | at least in shamanic curing, other uses as well, but no info | gathered (wild but closely managed) | all | crushed with lime for chaw, smoked, brewed into decoction | 1 | 0 | Americas | diverse habitats | yes | |||||||||||
| Desano | Nicotiana tabacum | muru | muru, bũ'rṹ | inheritance | Proto-Tukanoan | uncoded | See Language page | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Djeoromitxi | Nicotiana tabacum | padji | padʒi | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dâw | Nicotiana tabacum | rũút | hũ̌t | inheritance | old semantic shift? from puhũt 'blow' | underived | See Language page | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ese Ejja | Nicotiana tabacum | kiaʔe | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ese Ejja/Huarayo | Nicotiana tabacum | šawano e-ixia-wičača-xi | šawano e-ixia-wičača-xi | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Esselen | Nicotiana spp. | ka'a | tobacco | unique | Esselen | Shaul notes Miw *kajaw, and “PL”, “CS” forms (abbreviations not defined!) but I don't think there's enough there to be sure | underived | Shaul 1988:694 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Eñepa | Nicotiana tabacum | kowae; kawae kawaeyo' (planta) (MM) | kowae; kawae kawaejoʔ (planta) (MM) | doubtful loan into protolanguage | Northern Carib? | possibly from Arawak 'kuwai' deity? Venezuelan Carib | Likely loan into Hodï: Hodï ʰkawoi. Also tamu | See Language page | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gabrielino | Nicotiana spp. | pi:vat | ˈpi:vat | tobacco | inheritance | *pipaC- | Uto-Aztecan | S2290 (Stubbs 2009:310) | narrower (plant only, does not include the prepared leaf which is $okin or pespivat | other complex | ˈpi:va-t tobacco-npn | -hi:n | classifier for worthwhile possessions | Harrington 095, 182 | no info | 1 | used in ritual and shamanism as intoxicant | 1 | plant parts often poisonous | 1 | vomiturge, for urinary infections, stomach pains, wounds (McC p. 102) | gathered (wild, but closely managed) | men | ground with lime and water as chaw (pespi:vat), smoked,decoction with other herbs | 1 | 0 | Americas | Diverse habitats | no | |||||||||
| Guayabero | Nicotiana tabacum | xo | xo | inheritance | compare Muisca hoska | uncoded | See Language page | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hodï | Nicotiana tabacum | jkawai | ʰkawoi | loan | Carib | Eñepa "kowae; kawae kawaejoʔ", Makushi and Makiritare"kawai" and other Carib | uncoded | See Language page | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Huambisa | Nicotiana tabacum | tsaag | tsa:ŋg | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hup | Nicotiana tabacum | hũ̌t | hũ̌t | inheritance | underived | See Language page | 1 | smoked in ritual, curing, and everyday contexts | 0 | smoked | 0 | cultivated | dried and smoked | 0 | 1 | attained through exchange with Tukanoans | no | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Ignaciano | Nicotiana tabacum | saware | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Iipay 'Aa | Nicotiana spp. | ɂup | tobacco | loan into protolanguage | Proto-Yuman | unknown | Mojave 'a'uuv, etc.; Karuk 7uhípih, Chimariko h-óphat ‘smoking’, Proto-Palaihnihan *o:xpi | WW | %7u:p | same | underived | Couro & Hutcheson 1973 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Iquito | Nicotiana tabacum | tahuáacu (MC: borrowing from Sp. tabaco) | tawáaku (MC: borrowing from Sp. tabaco) | loan | Spanish | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Itonama | Nicotiana tabacum | waydala | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kabiyari | Nicotiana tabacum | tʃéema | tʃéema | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kaingang | Nicotiana tabacum | Φũmu (Pt loan) (IDS) | Φũmu | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kakataibo | Nicotiana tabacum | romɨ | See Language page | *Panoan *romɨ. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kakua | Nicotiana tabacum | ~hʉ̌p | ~hɨ̌p | doubtful loan into protolanguage, direction unknown | Puinave | hǝp | underived | See Language page | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kalapalo | Nicotiana tabacum | teñiñĩ | teñiñĩ | inheritance | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kariña | Nicotiana tabacum | kuraru | kuraru | tobacco plant sp. | Courtz 2007:305 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Katukina | Nicotiana tabacum | romɨ | See Language page | Cf. 'magic, sorcerer' 22.420; 22.430. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kawaiisu | Nicotiana spp. | soɁo(n)dɨ | Nicotiana bigelovii | loan | Yokutsan by way of? | broader (includes plant, tobacco) | underived | 1981 Zigmond | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kiliwa | Nicotiana spp. | ?+hip | tobacco, cigarettes | loan into protolanguage | Proto-Yuman | unknown | something like *hip originally???,i > u in whole family except Kiliwa??; cf. Karuk 7uhípih, Chimariko h-óphat ‘smoking’, Proto-Palaihnihan *o:xpi | WW | %7u:p | broader (includes plant and cigarettes | other complex | ?-dummy nominal element + hip | Mixco 1985 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | |||||||||||||||||||
| Kitanemuk | Nicotiana spp. | civut | ˈʦivut | wild tobacco | semantic shift | *ciʔpuC “bitter” | Uto-Aztecan | S222 (Stubbs 2009:69) | broader (plant and tobacco products like the chaw, etc) | other complex | ˈʦivu-t tobacco-npn (note ˈʦivuʔ “bitter”) | -niw | possessive classifier for things | Anderton 1988:286 | no info | 1 | given to boy at end of vision quest ritual | 1 | mixed with pine nuts in cakes | 1 | planted (intensive maintenance) | all | diverse preparations | 1 | 0 | Americas | Diverse habitats | yes | ||||||||||
| Kokama | Nicotiana tabacum | petɨma | petɨma | inheritance | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Koreguaje | Nicotiana tabacum | mʉtokorovʉ | mʉtokhorobʉ, mɨtʰo (H&R) | inheritance | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kotiria | Nicotiana tabacum | ~bʉ'do | ~bʉʔdo, bɨ̃ʔ'dõ | inheritance | Proto-Tukanoan | uncoded | See Language page | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kwazá | Nicotiana tabacum | uinũ, ui | uinũ, ui | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lake Miwok | Nicotiana spp. | kájaw | tobacco | inheritance | Pmiw only | Callaghan speculates MIGHT be Pmi (eastern forms have ka:sy-), it is Pmiw | underived | Callaghan 1965 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lengua | Nicotiana tabacum | hena | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lokono | Nicotiana tabacum | yuri | juri | tobacco, tobacco plant | Fanshawe 1949:74 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Luiseño | Nicotiana spp. | píivat | ʹpi:vat | tobacco, cigarette | inheritance | *pipaC (*pipat?) | Uto-Aztecan | S2290 (Stubbs 2009:310) | broader (includes cigarette as well as plant and leaves) | other complex | ʹpi:va-t tobacco-non.possessed.noun | Elliott 1999:716 | no info | 1 | couplet: piivat, pavyut “tobacco, ceremonial.beads”; a Chingichngish plant (Harrington 1978:133); soup made of piivat at girl's initiation ceremony. Piivat is a changichngish (powerful spirit) | 1 | plant parts often poisonous if eaten | 1 | gathered (wild but closely managed) | all | smoked in pipe, chewed with lime, drunk as decoction depending on use (no ref for this but these uses universal in area) | 1 | 0 | Americas | diverse habitats | yes | ||||||||||||
| Maca | Nicotiana tabacum | finak (m.) | See Language page | Cf. 'pipe' 08.691. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Macaguan | Nicotiana tabacum | kojá | kohá | inheritance | uncoded | See Language page | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Maidu | Nicotiana spp. | pàní | tobacco | loan into protolanguage | *pan | Maiduan | Sierra Miwok | Ultan 1964:365 #197 | WW | %pa7mo | other complex | -i is stem former | Shipley 1963 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | |||||||||||||||||||
| Maihiki | Nicotiana tabacum | mɨto ja | mɨto xã, bɨ̃to | inheritance | Proto-Tukanoan | uncoded | xã | xã (orth. ja) = inanimate | See Language page | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Makiritare | Nicotiana tabacum | kawai (IDS) ( Also čāwaiʔčɨ, 3rd person possessed form); ka:wai (KH) | kawai (IDS); ka:wai (KH) | doubtful loan into protolanguage | possibly from Arawak 'kuwai' deity? Venezuelan Carib | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Makuna | Nicotiana tabacum | mʉno | mɨno, bɨ̃dõ | inheritance | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Makushi | Nicotiana tabacum | kawáí | kawáí | doubtful loan into protolanguage | Northern Carib? | possibly from Arawak 'kuwai' deity? Venezuelan Carib | Likely loan into Hodï: Hodï ʰkawoi. Also tamu | See Language page | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mandawaka | Nicotiana tabacum | dé:ma | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mapoyo | Nicotiana tabacum | kawai | kawai | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mapudungun | Nicotiana tabacum | pɨṭ͡ʀem; ṭ͡ʀupa ṭ͡ʀupa | See Language page | From Augusta 1915. Ranquel form is pɨṭ͡ʀem. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Matses | Nicotiana tabacum | nënë | nɨnɨ | unknown | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Minica Witoto | Nicotiana tabacum | dï.ó-na, ǰéra | dɯ.ó-na, dʒέra | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mocoví | Nicotiana tabacum | n-aseer-ek | See Language page | Refers to a native plant whose root may be smoked. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mojave | Nicotiana spp. | ɂaɂuuv | tobacco | loan into protolanguage | Proto-Yuman | unknown | IA ɂup; C. ɂu·p, etc. and cf. Karuk 7uhípih, Chimariko h-óphat ‘smoking’, Proto-Palaihnihan *o:xpi | WW | %7u:p | same | underived | Munro et al.1992 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Mosetén-Chimané | Nicotiana tabacum | kos | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Movima | Nicotiana tabacum | yoma-ris | joma-ris | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Muinane | Nicotiana tabacum | báñójɨ | báñíxɨ | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Muisca | Nicotiana tabacum | hosca | hoska | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Murui Witoto | Nicotiana tabacum | dï.o-na | dɯ.o-na | inheritance | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutsun | Nicotiana spp. | maTTer | tobacco | inheritance | Costanoan | Kroeber 1910 has in Scr, Sc, Sj | underived | Okrand 1977:56 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Máku | Nicotiana tabacum | büde | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect | Nicotiana tabacum | hũːt | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | Nicotiana tabacum | hũːt | inheritance | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Napo Lowland Quichua | Nicotiana tabacum | tahuacu | tawaku | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nheengatu | Nicotiana tabacum | baruri | baɾuɾi | unknown | Proto-Tupi-Guarani | Mello gives pitima (inheritance) | Reconstructed PTG Mello 2000. Also: baɾuɾi | underived | See Language page | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ninam | Nicotiana tabacum | pinahi, piinahi (EM72) | pinahi, piinahi | inheritance | underived | nahe = CLF "tobacco" in Yanomami. Has it been reanalyzed as one word in Ninam (which only has a handful of CLF) | See Language page | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nisenan | Nicotiana spp. | pan | Indian tobacco | loan into protolanguage | *pan | Maiduan | Sierra Miwok | Ultan 1964: 365: #197 | WW | %pa7mo | underived | Uldall & Shipley 1966 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Nivaclé | Nicotiana tabacum | finɔk | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Northern Emberá | Nicotiana tabacum | thabháko (Sp: tabaco) | thabháko | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Northern Paiute | Nicotiana spp. | pooebahmoo | Indian tobacco, Wild tobacco | loan | Yokuts | has pooe- “green” on pamo form | WW | %pa7mo | same | phrase | green-tobacco | Yerington Dictionary | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Northern Sierra Miwok | Nicotiana spp. | ka:sy- | tobacco | inheritance | Miwokan | Callaghan suggests in Bodega Dic that Pmiw *kajaw and Pmie *ka:sy- do go together somehow but gives no reconstruction | underived | here /y/ is not nominalizer | Callaghan 1987 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nukak | Nicotiana tabacum | húup (P07); ɲɨna (H&R) | doubtful loan into protolanguage, direction unknown | Puinave | hǝp | uncoded | See Language page | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nɨpode Witoto | Nicotiana tabacum | dï.ó-na | dɯ.ó-na | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ocaina | Nicotiana tabacum | tyohooko | tʲoʔooko | inheritance | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | Nicotiana tabacum | petɨ̃ | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Paresi | Nicotiana tabacum | aˈxiyi | aˈʃiji | unknown | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pemon | Nicotiana tabacum | kavai, tamu (A1981) | kavai, tamu (A1981) | doubtful loan into protolanguage | Northern Carib? | possibly from Arawak 'kuwai' deity? Venezuelan Carib | Likely loan into Hodï: Hodï ʰkawoi. Also tamu | See Language page | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Piapoco | Nicotiana tabacum | tʃéma (dp91) | tʃéma (dp91) | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Piaroa | Nicotiana tabacum | hæt'e(i)sohæ | hæt'e(i)sohæ | unique | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pilagá | Nicotiana tabacum | 'ḳoy-ik; lo-'ḳoy-ik | See Language page | Respectively: lit. 'puff/smoke-producer'; '3pp-smoke-producer of'. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Plains Miwok | Nicotiana spp. | ka:sy- | tobacco | inheritance | Miwokan | Callaghan gives Pmiw *kajaw in Bodega dic and suggests probably Pmi | underived | Callaghan 1984 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Playero | Nicotiana tabacum | tabáko-baxú-to | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Puinave | Nicotiana tabacum | həp-yõn | həp-jõn | doubtful loan | Kakua-Nukak hu/ʉp | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pumé | Nicotiana tabacum | gãbi | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Páez | Nicotiana tabacum | wãjy, wẽjy | wãxʲ, wẽxʲ(H&R) | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Qawasqar | Nicotiana tabacum | tˀelḳs | See Language page | Also means 'cigarette'. Cf. 'smoke' 01.830', footnote. Bo records tˀelks for Central QWS. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | Nicotiana tabacum | sayri (CP94) | sajri | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Resígaro | Nicotiana tabacum | niítsí?ó | niítsíʔó | doubtful loan | cf. Yukuna | Yucuna-Resigaro only; inheritance or loan? | uncoded | See Language page | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Salinan A | Nicotiana spp. | Ta:lám' | tobacco | unique | Salinan | underived | might be that /T-/ is articular prefix | Mason 1918:130; turner 1980:86 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Salinan M | Nicotiana spp. | Toelám | tobacco | unique | Salinan | underived | Mason 1918:130 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité | Nicotiana tabacum | akhina (anik) | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet | Nicotiana tabacum | heenaʔ | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sanumá | Nicotiana tabacum | pini (EM72) | pini (EM72) | inheritance | uncoded | See Language page | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secoya | Nicotiana tabacum | mëto | mũ'to | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Seri (Comcaac) | Nicotiana spp. | haapis casa | desert tobacco, N. obtusifolia | unique | Is the haapis part the %u:p word? | narrower (a species of Nicotiana) | finite clause? | tobacco stinks | Comcaac Dictionary 307 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Serrano | Nicotiana spp. | pi:v-t | tobacco | inheritance | *pipaC- | Uto-Aztecan | S2290 (Stubbs 2008:310) | other complex | -t NPN | KCHill ms 2001:44 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shipibo-Konibo | Nicotiana tabacum | romɨ | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sikuani | Nicotiana tabacum | tséːma | tséːma | loan | Arawak | uncoded | See Language page | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Siona | Nicotiana tabacum | mëto | mɨto | inheritance | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Siriano | Nicotiana tabacum | muurú | muuɾú, bũʔ'rṹ | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sirionó | Nicotiana tabacum | ero | ero | unknown | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Southern Paiute | Nicotiana spp. | qwo'api | Indian tobacco (Nicotiana spp.) | unique | Colorado River Numic only; Stubbs 2293 (2008:310) | same | other complex | has -pi ABS (so perhaps not the plant??) | Sapir 1930:652 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Southern Sierra Miwok | Nicotiana spp. | ka:hy- | wild tobacco | inheritance | Miwokan | Pmiw *kajew, Pmie *ka:sy probably related, but how? | underived | Broadbent 1964: | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Southern Ute | Nicotiana spp. | qo?á-pŲ | tobacco | unique | Colorado River Numic only: Stubbs 2293 (2008:310) | same | other complex | has -pɨ ABS | Givon 1979 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sáliva | Nicotiana tabacum | arre | are | unique | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tacana | Nicotiana tabacum | omasa | See Language page | Tobacco powder is poroma. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tanimuca | Nicotiana tabacum | bĩʔ'rõã | bĩʔ'rõã | inheritance | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tariana | Nicotiana tabacum | yeéma (dp91), yéma (aa01) | jeéma (dp91), jéma (aa01) | inheritance | Proto-Arawak (North and South) | uncoded | See Language page | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tatuyo | Nicotiana tabacum | bɨ̃'dṍ | bɨ̃'dṍ | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taushiro | Nicotiana tabacum | tayacu (Spanish loan) | tajaku | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tehuelche | Nicotiana tabacum | 'g̣olḳl; 'yawč; 'eʔmḳn | See Language page | Respectively: ancient tobacco; tobacco/cigarette; cigarette. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tikuna | Nicotiana tabacum | pori | poɾi | unique | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tiriyó | Nicotiana tabacum | támue | támue | inheritance | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Toba | Nicotiana tabacum | l-ašiid-ek | See Language page | Lit. '3p possessor-puff-object (masc)'. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trinitario | Nicotiana tabacum | saware | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trumai | Nicotiana tabacum | fi | fi | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tukano | Nicotiana tabacum | mɨ'rô | mɨ'rô, bɨ̃ʔrṍ | inheritance | Proto-Tukanoan | uncoded | See Language page | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tuyuka | Nicotiana tabacum | bɨ̃'dõ | bɨ̃ʔdõ, bɨ̃'dṍ | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tübatulabal | Nicotiana spp. | shokohnt | ʃoˈgohnt | tobacco, Nicotiana bigelovii and N. attenuata | loan | Yokuts | a Yok-Utian etymon, broadly distributed in California and in Numic | WW | %sokon | broader (includes plant and several preparations) | other complex | ʃoˈgohn-t tpbacco-npn | Hill 2010:79 | no info | 1 | used to seek spirit familiar | 1 | 1 | diverse uses for curing | gathered (wild but closely managed) | women | diverse preparations: mixed with lime as chaw, snuff; smoked crushed leaves. VERY closely managed at the level of semi-cultivation | 1 | 0 | prepared tobacco used in exchange | Americas | Diverse habitats | no | ||||||||||
| Tümpisa Shoshone | Nicotiana spp. | pahompin, pahompü | tobacco, cigarette | loan | Yokutsan, by way of Monachi?? | Loan into Proto-Central Numic | broader (includes plant and tobacco and tobacco products) | other complex | pahom-pin, tobacco-CL | pin | Dayley 1989:180 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Urarina | Nicotiana tabacum | enoata | enoata | unique | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wai Wai | Nicotiana tabacum | kamahšu | kamahšu | unknown | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Waikhana | Nicotiana tabacum | bɨ̃ʔ'dõ | bɨ̃ʔ'dõ | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Waimaja | Nicotiana tabacum | mɨ̃́nṍ | mɨ̃́nṍ | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Waorani | Nicotiana tabacum | okæ̃-ĩ | unique | uncoded | See Language page | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wapishana | Nicotiana tabacum | suuma | suuma | inheritance | Proto-Arawak | See Language page | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wappo | Nicotiana spp. | lúče | tobacco | unique | underived | Sawyer 1965 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wari | Nicotiana tabacum | kajitʃe (non-planted) (Sousa2009) | kajitʃe (non-planted) (Sousa2009) | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Washo | Nicotiana spp. | báŋkuš | wild tobacco (dried and smoked) | loan | Maidu | Maiduan *pan | other complex | what is -kush? Could this be a phrase? A compound? | Merriam 55:323; WPD | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Waurá | Nicotiana tabacum | hɨ'ka | hɨ'ka | unknown | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wayampi | Nicotiana tabacum | pɛtɨ; pɛtɨ-sĩ, makulɛ | pɛtɨ; pɛtɨ-sĩ, makulɛ | inheritance | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wayana | Nicotiana tabacum | tamï | tamɨ | inheritance | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wayuu | Nicotiana tabacum | yɨi | See Language page | Refers to the tobacco plant. ta-ima is the ration of tobacco. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Western Mono | Nicotiana spp. | pamo, pamopI | cigarette, native tobacco | loan | Yokuts | This is an old loan but not into proto-Numic | WW | %pa7mo | narrower (does not include tobacco in manufactured cigarettes, pipe tobacco, cigars, etc) | derived | -pi | Bethel et al.:127 | no info | 1 | smoking important in shamanistic practice | 1 | 1 | chewed for fatigue, dreams; drunk for vomiting/purging | Gathered (wild but closely managed) | all | no info | 1 | 0 | Gayton 2:270 | yes | |||||||||||||
| Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay | Nicotiana tabacum | yo'kʷas | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wintu | Nicotiana spp. | lol | tobacco | inheritance | *lo(:)l | Wintun | Shepherd 2005 | underived | Schlichter 1981 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yabarana | Nicotiana tabacum | ka'wai | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yagua | Nicotiana tabacum | sudivi | sundiwi | unique | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yaminahua | Nicotiana tabacum | romɨ | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yanomam | Nicotiana tabacum | peenahe (EM72); bee najeco (WS76) | pe:nahe; beenaheko | inheritance | also beenaheko | uncoded | See Language page | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yanomami | Nicotiana tabacum | pẽẽ nahe, pẽek nahe (EM72) | pẽ: nahe, pẽek nahe | inheritance | nahe = CLF "tobacco" | underived | N+CLF | nahe = CLF "tobacco" (Ramirez 94) | See Language page | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yavapai | Nicotiana spp. | ɂū:βa | tobacco | loan into protolanguage | Proto-Yuman | unknown | IA ɂup; C. ɂu·p, etc. and cf. Karuk 7uhípih, Chimariko h-óphat ‘smoking’, Proto-Palaihnihan *o:xpi | WW | %7u:p | unknown | Shaterian 1983 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Yavitero | Nicotiana tabacum | jema (dp91) | jema (dp91) | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yine | Nicotiana tabacum | yiri ~ hayi-re | See Language page | *Piro-Apuriná form is *ha-yui-ri. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yokuts Palewyami | Nicotiana spp. | còg'en | tobacco | inheritance | *suk... | Yok-Utian | Callaghan 1997:41, Yok-Utian, or a very old loan | narrower (perhaps just the tobacco itself and not the plant; see “other notes”) | other complex | the word appears in diverse derivations; Newman 1944:148 notes a deverbal suffix -in, -n in Yokutsan | Merriam 58:541, Kroeber 1961 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Yokuts Yawdanchi | Nicotiana spp. | sho'-kon | Indian tobacco | inheritance | *suk... | Yok-Utian | Callaghan 1937:41 or a very old loan | WW | %sokon | same | underived | ultimately a derivation, but I don't think synchronically | Merriam 58:379 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | |||||||||||||||||||
| Yokuts Yowlumne | Nicotiana spp. | sògon, so:gon | tobacco | inheritance | *suk... | Yok-Utian | Callaghan 1937:41 or a very old loan | WW | %sokon | same | underived | ultimately, a derivation, but I don't think synchronically | Kroeber 1961:193 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | |||||||||||||||||||
| Yuhup | Nicotiana tabacum | hũ̂t | hũ̂t | inheritance | underived | See Language page | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yuki | Nicotiana spp. | woyąl' A, F, woyol' A | tobacco | inheritance | *woy(m)ol' | Yukian | Schlichter 1985 | other complex | -ol short for -mol Schlichter diss | Sawyer & Schlichter 1984 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yukpa | Nicotiana tabacum | tápak | tápa(H&R) | See Language page | Phon only in source plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yukuna | Nicotiana tabacum | lichi | litʃi | doubtful loan | cf. Resigaro | Yucuna-Resigaro only; inheritance or loan? | uncoded | See Language page | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yuma | Nicotiana spp. | mil'-yah-oov' | Tobacco (not Whiteman's tobacco which is ah-ov) | loan into protolanguage | Proto-Yuman | unknown | IA ɂup; C. ɂu·p, etc. and cf. Karuk 7uhípih, Chimariko h-óphat ‘smoking’, Proto-Palaihnihan *o:xpi | unknown | Merriam 61:475 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yuruti | Nicotiana tabacum | bɨ̃́dõ | bɨ̃́dõ | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Záparo | Nicotiana tabacum | awn+ka | awnɨka | See Language page | plant |
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