Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

dove

Semantic Field: flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: paloma
Meaning Portuguese: pomba

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Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Hypernym	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	Medicinal Notes	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Psychotropic Notes	Traded	Trade Notes	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous	Ethnobiology Notes	Species Notes	General Notes

Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Hypernym	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Traded	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous	General Notes
Aché	family Columbidae		buaruku		doubtful loan - WW			%motkuku								See Language page
Aguaruna	family Columbidae	yámpitsa	jámpitsa		inheritance											See Language page
Akawaio	family Columbidae	weeruujii	werudʒi		doubtful loan			Pemon/Wapishana	Wapishana uri'di							See Language page		0		0		0				0	0			no
Apalai	family Columbidae	utukuimo	utukuimo		loan - WW			%motkuku								See Language page
Araona	family Columbidae		wai; wodoho													See Language page															Also bizizi, 'cuquisa'. Tacn forms are -doxo; *bićići.
Ashuar	family Columbidae	yámpits, yápangkan, pupuí	jampits, japaŋkan,pupui													See Language page
Ayoreo	family Columbidae		kuuku'huui													See Language page															Also giidobooi; kuuku'huu-daa'te, augmentative -daa'te. Also kuuku'huu-dai-'n̥a-i.
Baniwa	family Columbidae	iñáida	iɲáida, huɺíitu (FS)		unique				Also huɺíitu (FS)		uncoded					See Language page		0		0		0				0	0			no
Bankalachi Toloim	Zenaida macrocoura	oop'-lă-le		Dove (Zenaida macrocoura)	loan			Yokuts	Proto-NimYokuts *'uphlal(l)i' (Golla 1964:61)	same	underived					C. H. Merriam 72-77, 60-455		2		1		0				0	0			no
Barí	family Columbidae		šibou													See Language page															Chibchan form is 'utu-.
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	Zenaida macrocoura	haaiwi		Dove (Zenaidura)	inheritance	*hayɨwi	Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 675 (2008:126)	same	underived	final -vi seems not to be from -pi ABS but is old *-wi animal classifier				Crapo 1976:125		2		1		0				0	0			no
Bora	family Columbidae	ɨ́juúu (FS)	ɨ́xɯɯ́ɯ (FS)		inheritance											See Language page
Cahuilla	Zenaida macrocoura	máxayilʸ	ˈmaxajiʎ	dove	inheritance	*makahVwi	Uto-Aztecan		S676 (Stubbs 2009:126); presumably in this word Cahuilla lost -w- from the Protoform.	same	other complex	ˈmaxaji-ʎ; root looks possibly complex but no obvious source	-7aʃ “pet”	Possessive classifier -7aʃ	wikikmal	Seiler&Hioki 1979:103	no info	2	Lightfoot & Parrish 2009:360 say Kumeyaay, adjacent to Cahuilla, believed doves to be reincarnated souls. It seems likely Cahuilla shared this idea.	1		no info	hunted	All	roasted, stewed, eggs eaten	0	0	Southern Canada to Mexico	Prefers open areas, avoids dense forests	no
Candoshi-Shapra	family Columbidae	mókoaka	mókoaka		loan - WW			%motkuku								See Language page
Carapana	family Columbidae	bua	bua													See Language page
Carijona	family Columbidae	waramici (M2000)			inheritance											See Language page		0		0		0				0	0			no
Cavineña	family Columbidae	we(ʔ)i; bihihi	we(ʔ)i; bihihi													See Language page
Cayuvava	family Columbidae		čoroβo; 'uaβe; kuaβe													See Language page
Central Aymara	family Columbidae	paluma (Spanish loan)	urpila; kʰulʸkutaya													See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	Zenaida macrocoura	húl:uw:i-		dove	inheritance		Eastern Miwokan		In all Mis, Mip		underived					Freeland & Broadbent 1960		2		1		0				0	0			no
Cha'palaa	family Columbidae		waʔ'pupu; 'Φi'tuku													See Language page															The former is 'paloma chocora'.
Chemehuevi	Zenaida macrocoura	hē'-ŭv'	hiijovI	Dove (Zenaidura)	inheritance	*hayɨwi	Proto-Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 675 (2008:126)	same	underived	probably sound imitative in origin				Merriam 59:527		2		1		0				0	0			no
Chiriguano	family Columbidae		pikasu; ǰeruti		inheritance											See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja	family Columbidae		ofʷoʔ; sipop; olaxa													See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	Zenaida macrocoura	tukutuk		mourning dove	unique				Note Obispeno toqmoloqlo, Salinan loan; also Ventureno shukushuk -- most be sound symbolic variants		reduplicated					Beeler 1978:187		2		1		0				0	0			no
Chumash Ineseno	Zenaida macrocoura	an'-noo-wĕh'		dove	unique						other complex	7al-				Merriam 55:9		2		1		0				0	0			no
Chumash Obispeno	Zenaida macrocoura	toqmoloqlo		dove	loan			Salinan	Salinan Taxwen' Turner 1983:227; other Chumash Bar tukutuk, Ven shukushuk		unknown					Turner 1983:226		2		1		0				0	0			no
Chumash Ventureno	Zenaida macrocoura	šukušuk		tortola, turtle-dove	unique				Note Barbareno tukutuk, must be sound-symbolic variants		reduplicated					JPH III:91:0011		2		1		0				0	0			no
Chácobo	family Columbidae	βotoko	βotoko		loan - WW			%motkuku								See Language page
Cocopa	Zenaida macrocoura	li·kú·, lku·		western mourning dove	inheritance	*k-wi(?)	Proto-Yuman		Metath not noted by Langdon 1976; Mixco 1978:84	same	underived					Crawford 1989		2		1		0				0	0			no
Cofán	family Columbidae	ppuppuju'cho	phɯphɯhɯʔtʃo													See Language page															phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Comanche	Zenaida macrocoura	ku?e wóo		dove, pigeon	unique					broader (includes pigeons and doves)	finite clause?	on.top moans (as per R&A, but they give only woo?etɨ “howl”				Robinson & Armagost 1990:163		2		1		0				0	0			no
Cubeo	family Columbidae	jureco (generic term), jurituco (paloma colorada), jiaðavitavarʉaco (paloma morada), mujajureco (paloma perdiz cara roja), jureboco (paloma pipa, paloma turca)	hulɛko (generic term), hulituko (paloma colorada), hiaðavitavalʉako (paloma morada), muhahulɛko (paloma perdiz cara roja), hulɛboko (paloma pipa, paloma turca)		loan		Proto-Tukanoan	Arawak, esp for hulituko form	Compare Siona jure (no other similar terms). Also ɣulitukɔ (paloma colorada), ɣiaðavitavalʉakɔ (paloma morada), muɣaɣulɛkɔ (paloma perdiz cara roja), ɣulɛbɔkɔ (paloma pipa, paloma turca)		uncoded					See Language page		0		0		0				0	0			no
Cupeño	Zenaida macrocoura	maxily	maˈxiʎ	dove	inheritance	*makahVwi	Uto-Aztecan		S676 (Stubbs 2009:126). The augmentative -wɨ suffix is not part of the protoform.	same	other complex	maˈxi-ʎ dove-npn	-ʔaʃ "pet"	possessive classifier for animals	mukikmal	Hill & Nolasquez 1973:162	no info	2		1		no info	hunted	men	roasted, stewed, eggs eaten	0	0	southern Canada to Mexico	prefers open areas, avoids dense forests	no
Desano	family Columbidae	buja	buha		inheritance		East Tukanoan				uncoded					See Language page		0		0		0				0	0			no
Djeoromitxi	family Columbidae	mekutxi	mekutʃi													See Language page
Dâw	family Columbidae	wẽr	wæ̃h		inheritance						underived					See Language page		0		0		0				0	0			no
Ese Ejja	family Columbidae		kʷeiʔɓe-he													See Language page															Also weya ~ weia ~ wea; and waʔyoxo.
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	family Columbidae	kwei behe; waʔy-oxo (Girard 1971)	kwei behe; waʔy-oxo													See Language page
Esselen	Zenaida macrocoura	missing			missing						missing							2		1		0				0	0			no
Eñepa	family Columbidae	ku'mukui, Var. ku'mëkoë (marro'n), apaijkua (turca), tuwu' especie pequeno) (MM)	kuʔmukui, Var. kuʔmǝkoǝ (marro'n), apaihkua (turca), tuwuʔ especie pequeno) (MM)		unique			cf. %motkuku	Also kuʔmëkoë (marron), apaihkua (turca), tuwuʔ (small type)							See Language page		0		0		0				0	0			no
Gabrielino	Zenaida macrocoura	maka:ho'	maˈka:hoʔ	torcacita	inheritance	*makahVwi	Uto-Aztecan		S676 (Stubbs 2009:126); vowel /o/ perhaps from ahVwi>ahwi>awi>aw> o loss of -w- is regional.	same	underived	no npn	-ʔaʧ “pet”	possessive classifier for animals	chi:ya	Harrington 033	no info	2	Has ceremonial couplet in Lu., so probably in mourning ceremony in Gab. also	1	all birds eaten (McC 116)	no info	hunted	men	roasted	0	0	Southern Canada to Mexico	Prefers open areas, avoids dense forests	no
Huambisa	family Columbidae	wampau, yampits	wampau, jampits													See Language page
Hup	family Columbidae	wɔhwǽw	wɔhwǽw		inheritance				onomatopoeic		underived	onomatopoeic				See Language page		0		0		0				0	0			no
Iipay 'Aa	Zenaida macrocoura	kilyaahwii		turtledove	unique				Contains *k-wi(?) DOVE Mixco 1978:84	same	underived	etymologically is *kilya-hwi ?-dove				Couro & Hutcheson 1973		2		1		0				0	0			no
Iquito	family Columbidae	cusácuuja (Columba subvinacea); isihuaája (término para de varios aves de tipo paloma; la paloma de purma de color cenizo; la paloma coliblanco; y la paloma frentigris; Leptotila verreauxi and Leptotila rufaxilla); mɨ'ɨyaja (Columbina talpacoti)	kusákuuha (Columba subvinacea); isiwaáha (término para de varios aves de tipo paloma; la paloma de purma de color cenizo; la paloma coliblanco; j la paloma frentigris; Leptotila verreauxi and Leptotila rufaxilla); mɨ'ɨjaha (Columbina talpacoti)		unknown											See Language page
Itonama	family Columbidae		waʔbaba; čawaʔlulu													See Language page															Respectively: large; small one.
Kabiyari	family Columbidae	húritu	húritu													See Language page
Kaingang	family Columbidae	sòrag	sɔrãŋ; ton													See Language page
Kakataibo	family Columbidae		ɲumakuru; kuma													See Language page															numakuru (dial.).
Kakua	family Columbidae	hǔp	hùp		unknown						underived					See Language page		0		0		0				0	0			no
Kalapalo	family Columbidae	dafa	dafa		loan			Arawak, e.g. Waura watapa								See Language page
Karajá	family Columbidae		urasaha (ura-saha ?)													See Language page
Kariña	family Columbidae	apepe	apepe	dove												Courtz 2007:231														no
Katukina	family Columbidae		čori													See Language page
Kawaiisu	Zenaida macrocoura	hoyo-vi		dove	inheritance	*hayɨwi	Proto-Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 675 (2008:126) with problems; take out the /o/ forms and assume the occasional /o/ is by assimilation? The -wi may be from the animal classifier	same	other complex	hoyo-vi dove-ABS				Zigmond et al.		2		1		0				0	0			no
Kiliwa	Zenaida macrocoura	x-wi?		mourning dove	inheritance	*k-wi(?)	Proto-Yuman		Mixco 1978:84	same	underived	x- is NOT the causative; Mixco says “perhaps onomatopoetic in origin”				Mixco 1985		2		1		0				0	0			no
Kitanemuk	Zenaida macrocoura	makahot	ˈmakahot	dove	inheritance	*makahVwi	Uto-Aztecan		S676 (Stubbs 2009:126); vowel /o/ perhaps from ahVwi>ahwi>awi>aw> o loss of -w- is regional.	same	other complex	ˈmakaho-t dove-npn	-ʔacit "pet"	possessive classifier for animals	wicitat	Anderton 1988:389	no info	2		1		no info	hunted	men	roasted, boiled, eggs eaten	0	0	Southern Canada to Mexico	Prefers open areas, avoids dense forests	no
Kokama	family Columbidae	wɨra=kɨra ('bird-DIM')	wɨra=kɨra ('bird-DIM')		unique											See Language page
Koreguaje	family Columbidae	ũ'kupo	ũʔkhupo		doubtful loan - WW			%motkuku								See Language page
Kotiria	family Columbidae	buja; masi sohã buja (red dove) (all Waltz)	buja; masi sohã buja (all Waltz)		inheritance		East Tukanoan		masi sohã buja (red dove)		uncoded					See Language page		0		0		0				0	0			no
Kwazá	family Columbidae	makuitxato, terai, hatsuru, huhu (these are names for various species of dove)	makuitxato, terai, hatsuru, huhu (these are names for various species of dove)													See Language page
Lake Miwok	Zenaida macrocoura	púllu		dove	loan			Hill Patwin	Patwin puluk “mourning dove” (Shepherd 2005:141); Proto-Wintun *puluq		underived					Callaghan 1965		2		1		0				0	0			no
Lengua	family Columbidae		koniŋmaktik													See Language page
Lokono	family Columbidae	maria	maria	ground doves												Fanshawe 1949:69														no
Luiseño	Zenaida macrocoura	mixéel	miʹxe:l	(turtle) dove, pigeon	inheritance	*makahVwi	Uto-Aztecan		S676 (Stubbs 2009:126); vowel /e:/ perhaps from ahVwi>ahwi>awi>ai>e:, e < *ai well known in other langs, loss of -w- is regional. Other egs?	broader (includes pigeons, apparently)	other complex	miʹxe:-l dove-non.possessed.noun	-ʔaʃ "pet"	possessive classifier; NPN form of noun is ʔaʃla	7ehéngmal	Elliott 1999:529	no info	2	muuta, qeweewish, mixeel, mixeevawut (Y1134)	1	not eaten due to “superstitious motives” (Sparkman 1908:199)	no info	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0	Southern Canada to Mexico	Prefers open areas, avoids dense forests	no
Maca	family Columbidae		ofoʔ (m.)													See Language page															Refers to 'paloma montaraz'. Also ofotaχ (m.), 'paloma doméstica'.
Maidu	Zenaida macrocoura	7él7èspújka		dove	unique				Note PW *puluq Shepherd 2005; Ultan 1964 thinks goes with Nisenan pulba; I don't.		underived	must be complex etymologically but listed as rare root type by Shipley 1961:23				Shipley 1963		2		1		0				0	0			no
Maihiki	family Columbidae	becotu ago	bekotu ago		doubtful loan - WW		Unknown	%motkuku			uncoded		ago	ago = feminine animate		See Language page		0		0		0				0	0			no
Makiritare	family Columbidae	hadūma (IDS); hadu:ma (KH)	hadu:ma		loan			Spanish paloma								See Language page
Makuna	family Columbidae	buja	buxa		inheritance											See Language page
Makushi	family Columbidae	áyà	áyà		unique											See Language page		0		0		0				0	0			no
Mapoyo	family Columbidae	waku'a	waku'a													See Language page
Mapudungun	family Columbidae		kono													See Language page															Ranquel form for 'pigeon' is maykono.
Matses	family Columbidae	dëbin	dɨbin		unknown											See Language page
Mocoví	family Columbidae		koʔtokoʔ													See Language page
Mojave	Zenaida macrocoura	huskiv		mourning dove	unique				Contains *k-wi(?) DOVE Mixco 1978:84	narrower (a kind of dove)	underived					Munro et al.1992		2		1		0				0	0			no
Mosetén-Chimané	family Columbidae		oʔo'toʔ; fwa'ye; fwehf'weʔ													See Language page															Respectively: large; small; and medium doves.
Movima	family Columbidae	toloɗo	toloɗo													See Language page
Muinane	family Columbidae	nímɨihu (W97)	nímɨiʔu													See Language page
Murui Witoto	family Columbidae	fɨcɨri, jɨrarigɨ, ucugɨ, uicoño, fɨcaɨ́ño	ɸɯkɯri, hɯrarigɯ, ukugɯ, uikoɲo, ɸ̵ɯkaɯ́ɲo (B83, all species of dove)		inheritance, loan			uku form prob. via Yucuna/Tanimuca								See Language page
Mutsun	Zenaida macrocoura	hunu:nu		dove (Merriam confirms)	inheritance		Utian		Callaghan 1962:103 relates to Pmie *hululi forms		reduplicated					Okrand 1977:57		2		1		0				0	0			no
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect	family Columbidae		wawɛ̃hɛ̃h													See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	family Columbidae	urpi	uɾpi													See Language page
Nheengatu	family Columbidae	pikaçu, (Columbidea) pumba (from POR)	pikasu (Columbidea) pumba (from POR)	Columbidea	inheritance				Also: pumba (from POR)		underived					See Language page		0		0		0				0	0			no
Nisenan	Zenaida macrocoura	pulba		dove	unique				Note PW *puluq Shepherd 2005		underived					Uldall & Shipley 1966		2		1		0				0	0			no
Nivaclé	family Columbidae		ofo; ofo-tax; oftaʔ													See Language page															Respectively: wild dove; domestic dove; wood-dove.
Northern Emberá	family Columbidae	puchchˈĩra	putʃtʃˈĩra													See Language page
Northern Paiute	Zenaida macrocoura	ehobe		Dove (M: (Zenaidura)	inheritance	'*hayɨwi	Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 675 (2008:126)	same	other complex	looks like it has the -pi ABS (non-possessed noun suffix) but this may be a false etymology, may be from -wi 'animal classifier' in PUA				Yerington Dictionary		2		1		0				0	0			no
Northern Sierra Miwok	Zenaida macrocoura	hul:u:wi-		dove	inheritance		Eastern Miwokan		In all Mis, In Mip		underived					Callaghan 1987		2		1		0				0	0			no
Ocaina	family Columbidae	fohxáánco, tohtohííco	ɸoʔxã́ã́ko, toʔtoʔííko		inheritance											See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní	family Columbidae		pɨkasu; ǰeruti													See Language page
Paresi	family Columbidae	waˈtaha	waˈtaha		inheritance											See Language page
Pemon	family Columbidae	weeruuchii (E1980), mada (A1981)	weeruuchii (E1980), mada (A1981)		doubtful loan			Akawaio/Wapishana	Also werutʃi (E1980)							See Language page		0		0		0				0	0			no
Piapoco	family Columbidae	unùcu	unùku													See Language page
Piaroa	family Columbidae	onúkuh (K76)	onúkuh		loan - WW			%motkuku								See Language page
Pilagá	family Columbidae		doḳotoʔ													See Language page
Plains Miwok	Zenaida macrocoura	hulul:i-, hul:ul:i-		mourning dove	inheritance		Eastern Miwokan		In all Mis; possibly Utian (Callaghan 1962:103 given Mu hunu:nu		underived					Callaghan 1984		2		1		0				0	0			no
Puinave	family Columbidae	iti	iti		unique											See Language page
Pumé	family Columbidae	hotoko pua														See Language page
Páez	family Columbidae	tub	tub													See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	family Columbidae	urpay, urpi	uɾpaj, uɾpi													See Language page
Resígaro	family Columbidae	híhuuu	híhuuu		loan			Bora	Bora ɨ́juúu; probably also onomatopoeic		uncoded					See Language page		0		0		0				0	0			no
Salinan A	Zenaida macrocoura	Ta:xwén(e7)		turtledove (Merriam 55:371 confirms)	unique		Salinan				other complex	t- (articular prefix) on vowel-initial stem, probablyl Turner 1987 says should be /T/				Mason 1918:125; Turner 1980:72		2		1		0				0	0			no
Salinan M	Zenaida macrocoura	T<a:xwén'		turtledove (Merriam 55:371 confirms)	unique		Salinan				underived					Mason 1918:125		2		1		0				0	0			no
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité	family Columbidae		kalimaktik													See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet	family Columbidae		waaɬaʔayˀ; taʔalmehet; kelamyaapa; sapop; yaatsapop; yaamwaaɬaʔayˀ													See Language page
Secoya	family Columbidae	su'te	suʔtɛ													See Language page
Selknam	family Columbidae		hèu-ṣàʔ-tˀe-n													See Language page															Means 'cliff's dirt eater'.
Seri (Comcaac)	Zenaida macrocoura	noosi		mourning dove, Z. macrocoura	unique					same	underived					Comcaac Dictionary 455		2		1		0				0	0			no
Serrano	Zenaida macrocoura	muk'-hahT; muk'-haht		dove	inheritance	*makahV-	Uto-Aztecan		S676 (Stubbs 2009:126)		other complex	-t NPN				Merriam 72-27:60-101		2		1		0				0	0			no
Shipibo-Konibo	family Columbidae		noβɨṣ̌; ṣ̌oto													See Language page
Sikuani	family Columbidae	ukuku (3)	úkuku		loan - WW			%motkuku			missing					See Language page		0		0		0				0	0			no
Siona	family Columbidae	jure	hure		unique			possibly related Arawak hulitu forms								See Language page
Siriano	family Columbidae	bujá	buhá													See Language page
Sirionó	family Columbidae	ɲurusi̯; ɲurusi̯ kʷasu	ɲurusi̯; ɲurusi̯ kʷasu		inheritance											See Language page
Southern Paiute	Zenaida macrocoura	iyovI		Mourning Dove (Zenaida macrocura)	inheritance	*hayɨwi	Proto-Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 675 (2008:126)	same	underived	probably sound-imitative in origin; here the -vɨ is NOT the ABS but is an old part of stem, given the etymology				Sapir 1930:558		2		1		0				0	0			no
Southern Pastaza Quechua	family Columbidae	pishcu	piʃku													See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	Zenaida macrocoura	hul:u:wi-		dove	inheritance		Eastern Miwokan		In all Mis, MIP		underived					Broadbent 1964:		2		1		0				0	0			no
Southern Ute	Zenaida macrocoura	?ayǫ-vI		dove, wild pigeon	inheritance	*hayɨwi	Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 675 (2008:126)	broader (pigeon, dove)	underived					Givon 1979		2		1		0				0	0			no
Sáliva	family Columbidae	rẽruwa (small doves)	rẽruwa (small doves)		unknown											See Language page
Tacana	family Columbidae		biď̶idi; hodoho													See Language page
Tanimuca	family Columbidae	o'koi pa'koa	o'koi pa'koa		doubtful loan - WW			Yucuna, %motkuku								See Language page
Tariana	family Columbidae	ulítu	ulítu		inheritance		Baniwa-Tariana subgroup		Also keɾáwi ulítu 'pomba-pedrês'	Narrower (multiple types exist)	uncoded					See Language page		0		0		0				0	0			no
Tikuna	family Columbidae	mó-tucú (Alv44)	moʔtuku		loan - WW			%motkuku								See Language page
Tiriyó	family Columbidae	arami (a specific species)	arami		inheritance											See Language page
Toba	family Columbidae		ḳotoʔ													See Language page
Trinitario	family Columbidae		siwi													See Language page
Trumai	family Columbidae	asulu	asulu													See Language page
Tuyuka	family Columbidae	bua	bua													See Language page
Tübatulabal	Zenaida macrocoura	owīt	ʔoˈwi:t	dove, probably the mourning dove, Zenaida macroura	inheritance	*howi	Uto-Aztecan		S675 (Stubbs 2009:126); I have no idea why S finds O'odham ho:hi “difficult to explain”???	same	other complex	ʔoˈwi:t sound-npn			chikkīt	Hill 2010:61	no info	2		1		no info	hunted	men	roasted on coals, bones ground (some consultants denied Tub. ate eggs before Whites)	0	0	Southern Canada to Mexico	Prefers open areas, avoids dense forests	no
Tümpisa Shoshone	Zenaida macrocoura	heewi		dove	inheritance	*hayɨwi	Proto-Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 675 (2008:126) with problems; take out the /o/ forms and assume the occasional /o/ is by assimilation? The -wi may be from the animal classifier	same	underived	I think -wi is old UA animal CL but isn't productive in T.Sh.				Dayley 1989:20		2		1		0				0	0			no
Wai Wai	family Columbidae	Φotkuku	Φotkuku		loan - WW			%motkuku								See Language page
Waorani	family Columbidae	ñą́ñą́			unique						uncoded					See Language page		0		0		0				0	0			no
Wapishana	family Columbidae	uriˀdi	uriˀdi		inheritance			loan into Akawaio?	Akawaio: werudʒi							See Language page		0		0		0				0	0			no
Wappo	Zenaida macrocoura	7ápis		mourning dove (CHM confirms 52:569)	unique						underived					Sawyer 1965		2		1		0				0	0			no
Wari	family Columbidae	tʃykyʔ (Sousa2009)	tʃɨkɨʔ (Sousa2009)													See Language page
Washo	Zenaida macrocoura	7uŋahó:		Dove	unique						underived	I think change in vowels is probably sound symbolic, not actual morphology				Merriam 55:303; WPD		2		1		0				0	0			no
Waurá	family Columbidae	watapa; tuku'žẽ	watapa; tuku'žẽ		inheritance; inheritance? - WW			%motkuku								See Language page
Wayampi	family Columbidae	pɨkau; yɛlusi	pɨkau; jɛlusi		inheritance											See Language page
Wayana	family Columbidae	walami, ulukwe	walami, ulukwe		inheritance, loan - WW			%motkuku								See Language page
Wayuu	family Columbidae		moʔuwa													See Language page															Also ir̃ɨ; hur̃or̃oľu; ir̃uui; wawači; sokor̃oi. The Guajiro perceive these as separate species.
Western Mono	Zenaida macrocoura	heewi'		dove	inheritance	*hayɨwi	Proto-Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 675 (2008:126) with problems; take out the /o/ forms and assume the occasional /o/ is by assimilation? The -wi may be from the animal classifier	same	underived	must be originally onomatopoeic		-wi "animal" is old classifier	tsiipa “bird”	Bethel et al.	secondary totem of messenger lineage	2	totem animal; Gifford says “Mourning dove, not a totem, belonged with the Golden Eagle” p. 37	1		no info	hunted	men	no info	0	0			no
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay	family Columbidae		hukʷina'tah													See Language page
Wintu	Zenaida macrocoura	qi:nus		dove (CHM confirms 56:71, says means “sleepy or sad”	unique						other complex	qi:n only here; -us unclear but recurrent partial				Schlichter 1981		2		1		0				0	0			no
Yagua	family Columbidae	muma	muma		unique											See Language page
Yaminahua	family Columbidae		riβi													See Language page
Yanomami	family Columbidae	hoya	hoja (general term)		unknown				generic		underived					See Language page		0		0		0				0	0			no
Yavapai	Zenaida macrocoura	kwī		dove	inheritance	*k-wi(?)	Proto-Yuman		Mixco 1978:84		unknown					Shaterian 1983		2		1		0				0	0			no
Yavitero	family Columbidae	c̷uc̷ubu	tsutsubu													See Language page
Yine	family Columbidae		kamowa													See Language page															Also motkoko; trɨmoxi.
Yokuts Palewyami	Zenaida macrocoura	missing			missing						missing							2		1		0				0	0			no
Yokuts Yawdanchi	Zenaida macrocoura	upyayi		mourning dove (Meriam confirms 58:363)	inheritance	*ɂuphlal(l)iɂ	Nim-Yokuts		Golla 1964:61	same	underived					Kroeber 1961:220 (spec)		2		1		0				0	0			no
Yokuts Yowlumne	Zenaida macrocoura	'uplalli'		dove	inheritance	*ɂuphlal(l)iɂ	Nim-Yokuts		Golla 1964:61	same	underived					Newman 1944:125		2		1		0				0	0			no
Yuhup	family Columbidae	wɛ̃h	wɛ̃h		inheritance						underived					See Language page		0		0		0				0	0			no
Yuki	Zenaida macrocoura	hą:yu:me A, F		dove	inheritance	*mayu (?)	Yukian		Schlichter 1985; Proto-Pomo *ma:yu(:) (McLendon 1973:73)		underived					Sawyer & Schlichter 1984		2		1		0				0	0			no
Yukpa	family Columbidae	arame (SM)	arame (SM)													See Language page															Phon only in source
Yukuna	family Columbidae	uku'ukuri 'paloma torcaz' (Columba subvinacea)	ukuʔukuɾi 'paloma toɾcaz' (Columba subvinacea)		inheritance? WW			%motkuku	Likely inheritance Piapoco-Yucuna		uncoded					See Language page		0		0		0				0	0			no
Yuma	Zenaida macrocoura	hwis-ke'-av		Dove (Zenaidura)	inheritance		Colorado River Yuman only		Mojave huskiv so CR (Colorado River Yuman)		unknown					Merriam 61:455		2		1		0				0	0			no


Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Apalai
Araona
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Bankalachi Toloim
Barí
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Cahuilla
Candoshi-Shapra
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cupeño
Desano
Djeoromitxi
Dâw
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Esselen
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Huambisa
Hup
Iipay 'Aa
Iquito
Itonama
Kabiyari
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Kakua
Kalapalo
Karajá
Kariña
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kokama
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Maidu
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Makushi
Mapoyo
Mapudungun
Matses
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Muinane
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Nheengatu
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Ocaina
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Plains Miwok
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Quechua Ayacuchano
Resígaro
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Secoya
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Siona
Siriano
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Sáliva
Tacana
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tikuna
Tiriyó
Toba
Trinitario
Trumai
Tuyuka
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Wai Wai
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Wari
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yanomami
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yine
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuhup
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuma

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