Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

macaw

Semantic Field: flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: ara, guacamaya
Meaning Portuguese: Arara

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Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Hypernym	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	Medicinal Notes	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Psychotropic Notes	Traded	Trade Notes	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous	Ethnobiology Notes	Species Notes	General Notes

Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Source	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Medicinal	How Collected	Who Collects	Psychotropic	Traded	Distribution	Dangerous	General Notes
Achagua	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.		éeta (H&R espec.: large red and yellow parrot)		inheritance								See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Aguaruna	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	yúsa, shaámak	júsa, ʃa:mak		inheritance								See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Akawaio	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	wayara	wayara		doubtful loan into protolg - WW	Akawaio, Pemon	%arara		WW	%ara			See Language page	1		1	0			0	1	Widespread Amazonia	no
Andoke	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	ádu, pa'do, e'ma (green)	ádu, paʔdo, eʔma (green)		doubtful loan -WW		%arara						See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Apalai	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	arara (arara azul)	arara (arara azul)		doubtful loan into protolg - WW		%arara						See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Ashuar	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	kawáu (yellow macaw), yampúna (red macaw),	kawau, jampuna										See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Baniwa	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	áadaro	áadaɻo		doubtful loan into protolg - WW	Proto-Arawak (North and South)	%arara	Wanderwort: see Cocama arara, Wanano daharo, Carib forms, Spanish ara, Portuguese arara	WW	%ara		uncoded	See Language page	1		1	0			0	1	Widespread Amazonia	no
Barasano	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	bãhã́	bãhã́										See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Bará	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.		'bãã										See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Bora	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	ɨ́ɨ́βaá, ínyaʔa	ɨ́ɨ́βaá, ínjaʔa		inheritance								See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Candoshi-Shapra	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	karago (yellow one), sánima (red one)	kaɾanko, sánima		unique								See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Carapana	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	'bãã	'bãã										See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Carijona	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	caheta (yellow macaw); kinoro (red macaw)			unique								See Language page	1		1	0			0	1	Widespread Amazonia	no
Cofán	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	oma'ndo	omaʔndo										See Language page									Widespread Amazonia		phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Cubeo	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	no generic term; májʉmecʉ ('blue and yellow macaw'); ma ('gucamayu bandera; also: 'red macaw')	ma, 'bã́ (H&R), máxɨmekɨ		inheritance	Proto-Tukanoan	Guahiban	Proto-Guahiban; e.g. Macaguan máha. Also májʉmecʉ ('blue and yellow macaw');			Narrower (red macaw)	uncoded	See Language page	1		1	0			0	1	Widespread Amazonia	no
Cuiva	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.		máha										See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Desano	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	majã	mahã, bã'hã́		inheritance	Proto-Tukanoan	Guahiban	Proto-Guahiban; e.g. Macaguan máha				uncoded	See Language page	1		1	0			0	1	Widespread Amazonia	no
Djeoromitxi	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	pire	pire										See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Dâw	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	kaál’	kǎl’		doubtful loan		Arawak, see Paresi kalo					missing	See Language page	1		1	0			0	1	Widespread Amazonia	no
Eñepa	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	ara, kamaya (MM)	ara, kamaja (MM)		doubtful loan into protolg - WW; loan - WW		%arara; %wakamaja	See Nheengatu arara. Also kamaja	WW	%ara			See Language page	1		1	0			0	1	Widespread Amazonia	no
Guayabero	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	máha	máha		loan into protolanguage		Tukanoan?					uncoded	See Language page	1		1	0			0	1	Widespread Amazonia	no
Hodï	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	jkamaya, uli jkamaya (Zent 05)			loan - WW		%wakamaja; from Span? or Eñepa	Eñepa "kamaja" (but see also Sp. guacamaya, said to be borrowed from Arawak Taino); cf. maya (Guarisma & Coppens)				uncoded	See Language page	1		1	0			0	1	Widespread Amazonia	no
Huambisa	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	yampuna, chaak, yusa	jampuna, tʃa:k, jusa										See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Hup	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	yǎk	jǎk		unique							underived	See Language page	1	feathers for decoration	1	0	hunted	men	0	1	Widespread Amazonia	no
Ingá	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.		wakamáju (H&R)										See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Iquito	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	anápa (Ara ararauna and Ara chloroptera); íyɨɨja (Diopsittaca nobilis); nɨsicásaaja (Ara severa y Ara manilata, MC: Lit: 'come-aguaje')	anápa (Ara ararauna and Ara chloroptera); íjɨɨha (Diopsittaca nobilis); nɨsikásaaha (Ara severa j Ara manilata, MC: Lit: 'come-aguahe')		loan - WW		%arara						See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Kabiyari	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	narú	naɾú										See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Kaingang	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	kã´èg	kãʔɛg										See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Kakua	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	jaw	jâwʔ		inheritance							underived	See Language page	1		1	0			0	1	Widespread Amazonia	no
Kalapalo	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	tafitse	tafitse		unique								See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Kanamarí	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	kawam	kawam	arara (ave)									Magalhães 2018:357
Kariña	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	akaja	akaja	macaw									Courtz 2007:216									Widespread Amazonia	no
Karitiana	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	pat	pat		unknown								See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Kokama	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	arara	aɾaɾa		loan into protolg? - WW		%arara						See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Koreguaje	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	maa	maa		inheritance								See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Kotiria	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	maja (red), daharo (little) (all Waltz)	maha (red), dahaɾo (little) (all Waltz), bã'hã (H&R)		inheritance	Proto-Tukanoan	Guahiban	Proto-Guahiban; e.g. Macaguan máha. daharo (small macaw)				uncoded	See Language page	1		1	0			0	1	Widespread Amazonia	no
Kwazá	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	awy	awy										See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Lokono	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	karará	karara	blue and yellow macaw									Fanshawe 1949:65									Widespread Amazonia	no
Macaguan	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	mája	máha		loan into protolanguage		Tukanoan?	e.g. Tukano maha; See also Arawak: wakámaaja; Barbacoa: wakamaja				uncoded	See Language page	1		1	0			0	1	Widespread Amazonia	no
Maihiki	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	bã	bã		inheritance	Proto-Tukanoan	Guahiban	Proto-Guahiban; e.g. Macaguan máha				uncoded	See Language page	1		1	0			0	1	Widespread Amazonia	no
Makiritare	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	kadu:wai	kadu:wai		unknown		possible %ara form?						See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Makuna	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	maja	maxa, bãhã		inheritance								See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Makushi	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	kararúá	kararúá		unknown		possible %arara form?	May be loan into Ninam: kaɾaɾawasi	WW	%ara			See Language page	1		1	0			0	1	Widespread Amazonia	no
Mandawaka	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	adáːlu	adáːlu										See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Mapoyo	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	oroma, reewa	oroma, reewa										See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Matses	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	cana	kana		inheritance								See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Minica Witoto	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	éɸa	έɸa										See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Muinane	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	xéeβa, ínóʔai, ééréda	xéeβa, ínóʔai, ééréda										See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Murui Witoto	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	eɸa	eɸa		doubtful loan into protolg - WW?		%arara						See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.		kawed (arara-vermelha										See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Nadëb/Roçado dialect	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.		kawed (arara-vermelha)		unique								See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Napo Lowland Quichua	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	ahuitia	awitia										See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Nheengatu	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	arara	arara		loan into protolg? - WW	Proto-Tupi-Guarani	%arara	Reconstructed PTG Mello 2000. There are several species of macaw that are classified by their color in Nheengatu. Example: arara cukiri translates to blue macaw.) araramiri (arara=macaw,miri=small) arara'I (Ara severa)				underived	See Language page	1		1	0			0	1	Widespread Amazonia	no
Ninam	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	arasi (gom), kararawasi (EM72, blue), arasi (EM72, red)	aɾasi (gom), kaɾaɾawasi (EM72, blue), aɾasi (EM72, red)		loan into protolanguage - WW		%arara	Panare ara; also Arawak, e.g. Mandawaka adáːlu; see also Ninam kararawasi (EM72, blue), arasi (EM72, red)	WW	%ara		uncoded	See Language page	1		1	0			0	1	Widespread Amazonia	no
Northern Emberá	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	bhagará	bhagará; pagaɾá (H&R)										See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Nukak	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	jauʔ3			inheritance							uncoded	See Language page	1		1	0			0	1	Widespread Amazonia	no
Nɨpode Witoto	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	áβa	áβa										See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Ocaina	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	faaro	ɸaaro		unknown		cf. %arara						See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Paresi	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	'kalo 'arara vermelha'	'kalu 'arara vermelha'		unique								See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Pemon	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	wayara (E1980)	waʎara (E1980)		doubtful loan into protolg - WW	Akawaio, Pemon	%arara		WW	%ara			See Language page	1		1	0			0	1	Widespread Amazonia	no
Piapoco	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.		atàlu, éda (H&R, two species)										See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Piaroa	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	ha'wóh (K76)	haʔwóh		unknown								See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Playero	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.		máha										See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Páez	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	pe	pe, welj wala ('large parrot', H&R)										See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Quechua Ayacuchano	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	weqru	weqɾu										See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Resígaro	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	anáadó	anáadó (H&R)		doubtful loan into protolg - WW	Proto-Arawak (North and South)	%arara	Wanderwort: see Cocama arara, Wanano daharo, Carib forms, Spanish ara, Portuguese arara	WW	%ara		uncoded	See Language page	1		1	0			0	1	Widespread Amazonia	no
Sanumá	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	ala (EM72, red), kulikatsa (EM72, blue)	ala (EM72, red), kulikatsa (EM72, blue)		loan into protolanguage - WW		%arara	Panare ara; see also Arawak, e.g. Mandawaka adáːlu. Also kulikatsa (blue macaw)	WW	%ara		uncoded	See Language page	1		1	0			0	1	Widespread Amazonia	no
Secoya	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.		ʻtoa-'mã										See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Sikuani	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	maja (2)	máːha		loan into protolanguage		Tukanoan?	e.g. Tukano maha				uncoded	See Language page	1		1	0			0	1	Widespread Amazonia	no
Siona	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	ma së'nje	ma sɨʔnhe		inheritance								See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Siriano	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	bã'hã́	bã'hã́										See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Southern Pastaza Quechua	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	wacamaya (Sp. loan? orig. from Taino, Arawak?)	wakamaja										See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Sáliva	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	wacamai	wakamai		loan - WW		%wakamaja, maybe from Span?						See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Tanimuca	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	maa	maa		inheritance								See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Tariana	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	ãdaɾu; ʔáadaru, ʔándaru (H&R92)	ádaɾu		doubtful loan into protolg - WW	Proto-Arawak (North and South)	%arara	Wanderwort: see Cocama arara, Wanano daharo, Carib forms, Spanish ara, Portuguese arara	WW	%ara		uncoded	See Language page	1		1	0			0	1	Widespread Amazonia	no
Tatuyo	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	ʻbãã	ʻbãã										See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Taushiro	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	eivi	ɨiwi										See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Tikuna	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	tchiára (blue), engó-ue (red) (Alv44)	tʃiára (blue), eŋóʔue (red)		doubtful loan - WW		%arara						See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Tiriyó	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	perei (a species of macaw)	perei		unknown								See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Tukano	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	mahâ	mahâ, bãhã́		inheritance	Proto-Tukanoan	Guahiban	Proto-Guahiban; e.g. Macaguan máha				uncoded	See Language page	1		1	0			0	1	Widespread Amazonia	no
Tuyuka	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	bã'ã́	bã'ã́										See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Wai Wai	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	xaafi (SM)	xaafi (SM)		unique								See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Waikhana	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	bã'hã	bã'hã										See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Waimaja	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	má	má										See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Waimiri Atroari	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	maba	maba										See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Waorani	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	æ̃wæ̃			unique							missing	See Language page	1		1	0			0	1	Widespread Amazonia	no
Wapishana	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	kaʐaɽa	kaʐaɽa		doubtful loan into protolg - WW		%arara		WW	%ara			See Language page	1		1	0			0	1	Widespread Amazonia	no
Wari	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	taramin (Sousa 2009)	taramin (Sousa 2009)										See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Wayampi	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	alala (G89)	alala (G89)		loan into protolg? - WW		%arara						See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Wayana	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	alala	alala		doubtful loan into protolg - WW		%arara						See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Yagua	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	cayatu	kajãtu		unique								See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Yanomam	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	ara (EM72, red), kurikaya (EM72, blue)	ara (EM72, red), kurikaja (EM72, blue)		loan into protolanguage - WW		%arara	Panare ara; also Arawak, e.g. Mandawaka adáːlu; see also Yan kurikaya (blue macaw)	WW	%ara	Narrower	uncoded	See Language page	1		1	0			0	1	Widespread Amazonia	no
Yanomami	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	ara, ara, ashiashirimɨ, kurikaya (EM72, blue), ara (EM72, red)	aɾa (general term "macaw"), aɾa aʃiaʃiɾimɨ(Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus, ashiashiɾimi = yellow), kuɾikaja, aɾa		loan into protolanguage - WW		%arara	Panare ara; see also Arawak, e.g. Mandawaka adáːlu. Means generic macaw; see also aɾa aʃiaʃiɾimɨ(Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus, ashiashiɾimi = yellow), kuɾikaja, aɾa	WW	%ara		underived	See Language page	1		1	0			0	1	Widespread Amazonia	no
Yukpa	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	sareya (SM)	sareya (SM), saréja (H&R)										See Language page									Widespread Amazonia		Phon only in source
Yukuna	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	la'arú	laʔaɾú		doubtful loan into protolg - WW	Proto-Arawak (North and South)	%arara	Wanderwort: see Cocama arara, Wanano daharo, Carib forms, Spanish ara, Portuguese arara	WW	%ara		uncoded	See Language page	1		1	0			0	1	Widespread Amazonia	no
Yuruti	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	bã'ã́	bã'ã́										See Language page									Widespread Amazonia
Záparo	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	suraka	suraka										See Language page									Widespread Amazonia


Achagua
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Andoke
Apalai
Ashuar
Baniwa
Barasano
Bará
Bora
Candoshi-Shapra
Carapana
Carijona
Cofán
Cubeo
Cuiva
Desano
Djeoromitxi
Dâw
Eñepa
Guayabero
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ingá
Iquito
Kabiyari
Kaingang
Kakua
Kalapalo
Kanamarí
Kariña
Karitiana
Kokama
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lokono
Macaguan
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Makushi
Mandawaka
Mapoyo
Matses
Minica Witoto
Muinane
Murui Witoto
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Nheengatu
Ninam
Northern Emberá
Nukak
Nɨpode Witoto
Ocaina
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Playero
Páez
Quechua Ayacuchano
Resígaro
Sanumá
Secoya
Sikuani
Siona
Siriano
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Sáliva
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tatuyo
Taushiro
Tikuna
Tiriyó
Tukano
Tuyuka
Wai Wai
Waikhana
Waimaja
Waimiri Atroari
Waorani
Wapishana
Wari
Wayampi
Wayana
Yagua
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuruti
Záparo

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