Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

toad

Semantic Field: flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: sapo
Meaning Portuguese: sapo

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Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Hypernym	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	Medicinal Notes	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Psychotropic Notes	Traded	Trade Notes	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous	Ethnobiology Notes	Species Notes	General Notes

Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Hypernym	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Psychotropic Notes	Traded	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous	General Notes
Achagua	order Anura	kuíiba, íibaʒu (H&R92)	kuíiba, íibaʒu (H&R)		inheritance													See Language page
Aguaruna	order Anura	takásh (see also other sp.)	takáʃ															See Language page
Akawaio	order Anura	ambak (frog), chiinau (toad)	ambak, tʃinaʊ		inheritance		Akawaio, Pemon											See Language page		0		2		0				0		0			no
Andoke	order Anura	hi'bo (frog sp.), kɒ'kɒ (toad), yɨ́'yɨ (frog)	hiʔbo (frog sp.), kɒʔkɒ (toad), ʝɨ́bʔʝɨ (frog)															See Language page
Apalai	order Anura	kuto	kuto															See Language page
Ashuar	order Anura	puwách, apái, súwi (edible types)	puwátʃ, apái, súwi (edible types)															See Language page
Baniwa	order Anura	adaroittípi, híiparo	adaɻoit̪ípi, híipaɻo (there are others), túuɻa (FS)		unknown, inheritance				Also híipaɻo (there are others), túuɻa (FS)				uncoded					See Language page		0		2		0				0		0			no
Bankalachi Toloim	Bufonidae	koi-yet'-wuk		Toad	loan			Yokuts	Yowlumne koi-ot'-waht; ki-ot'-waht “frog”, Wikchamni kah-doi'-itch; go-doit' (with regular corresp. so Proto-NimYokuts)			same	underived					C. H. Merriam 72-79, 60-463		2		2		0				0		0			no
Barasano	order Anura	taro	taro															See Language page
Bará	order Anura		tɨ'bɨro															See Language page
Baure	order Anura	si'poṛ̌i	si'poṛ̌i		unknown													See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	Bufonidae	pi'-ah gwah'-ne		Toad (Bufo)	inheritance	*kwa'Lo	Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 941 (2008:157), modified with pia “big”			same	phrase	big frog/toad				Merriam 61:81		2		2		0				0		0			no
Bora	order Anura	aʔkʰókwa, βḯḯríʔií, mïʔmɨ́pa, muhchíba (FS)	aʔkʰókwa, βɯ́ɯ́ríʔií, mɯʔmɨ́pa		inheritance													See Language page
Cahuilla	Bufonidae	wáxačilʸ	ˈwaxaʧiʎ	toad	inheritance	*wakaC-ta	Uto-Aztecan		S940 (Stubbs 2009:157); Tarahumara 7awaka seems OK in this set			broader (includes “frog”)	other complex	ˈwaxaʧi-ʎ (-ʧi-ʎ is cognate with Numic diminutives, but frozen and non-productive in Takic)	-7aʃ “pet”	possessive classifier -7aʃ (probably)	no info	http://www.archive.org/stream/bancroft_chartmerriam_1556_60#page/n155/mode/2up; p. 173	no info	2	waxaawut, Calif. red-legged frog) is shaman who bewitches Wuyot (White 1963:141)	2	not eaten	no info	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	Colorado River toad, Bufo Alvarius, may have been known (range extends into Desert Cahuilla territory). Skin exudes hallucinogenic substance.	0	All Americas	Diverse habitats	no
Camsa	order Anura	sápo(SP loan)	sápo(SP loan)															See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra	order Anura	paróboró	paɾómpoɾó															See Language page
Carapana	order Anura	tʉbʉro	tɨbɨɾɔ, 'tɨbɨro															See Language page
Carijona	order Anura		hɯrɯ’ru (H&R)		doubtful loan			TG kururu, also present in Arawak										See Language page		0		2		0				0		0			no
Cavineña	order Anura	bororo (G71)	bororo (G71)															See Language page
Central Aymara	order Anura	jamp´atu	xampʔatu															See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	Bufonidae	7ól:o7ša:ji-		toad	inheritance		Sierra Miwokan only		Also in Miss				other complex	ša-ji; 7ol:o7 is root (Broadbent p. 104)				Freeland & Broadbent 1960		2		2		0				0		0			no
Chemehuevi	Bufonidae	wah-ah'-tuts; wah-rah-tat, wah-hah-tat		Toad (Bufo)	inheritance	*wata'aci	Proto-Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 943 (2008:157); Chemehuevi is new cognate for forms otherwise only in south			same	other complex	has -tsI ABS; etymologically wa- is probably from *pa “water”				Merriam 59:535		2		2		0				0		0			no
Chumash Barbareno	Bufonidae	qewet (Beeler),		toad	inheritance				Ventureno xwetet				underived					Beeler 1978:183;		2		2		0				0		0			no
Chumash Ineseno	Bufonidae	kŏp-kŏp; kōp-kōp; koop'-kop		toad	inheritance		Central Chumash only		Also in Barbareno				reduplicated					Merriam 55:17		2		2		0				0		0			no
Chumash Obispeno	Bufonidae	tkyujhu7		zapo (sic)	unique								other complex	t-				JPH III:1:119		2		2		0				0		0			no
Chumash Ventureno	Bufonidae	xwetet		toad	inheritance				Barbareno qewet				underived					Heizer/Pinart I:58; JPH III:69:0081		2		2		0				0		0			no
Cocopa	Bufonidae	missing			missing								missing							2		2		0				0		0			no
Cofán	order Anura	ttesi, sapo (Sp. Loan)	sapo															See Language page																phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Comanche	Bufonidae	pasanao		toad	unique							same	underived	has “water” or “big”, perhaps had sawa “green” -- can't tell				Rejon 1995:48		2		2		0				0		0			no
Cubeo	order Anura	bʉbʉco (generic term), cṹrabʉbʉco, ãchibʉbʉco (sapo gigante)	bʉbʉko (generic term), bɨ'hɨ́-ko (H&R), kṹlabʉbʉko, ãtʃibʉbʉko (sapo gigante)		unique				Also kṹlabʉbʉkɔ, ãtʃibʉbʉkɔ (sapo gigante)				uncoded					See Language page		0		2		0				0		0			no
Cuiva	order Anura		búsu															See Language page
Cupeño	Bufonidae	missing			missing								missing							2		2		0				0		0			no
Desano	order Anura	tarubʉgʉ	tarubɯgɯ, 'tárubɨgɨ		inheritance		East Tukanoan						uncoded					See Language page		0		2		0				0		0			no
Djeoromitxi	order Anura	txinikakä	tʃinikakǝ															See Language page
Dâw	order Anura	pâá’	pə̌ʔ		inheritance								underived					See Language page		0		2		0				0		0			no
Esselen	Bufonidae	auallai		toad	unique		Esselen						other complex	-la classifier suffix?	-la			Heizer/Pinart I:80		2		2		0				0		0			no
Eñepa	order Anura	kɨɨwo (frog)	kɨɨwo (frog)	frog	inheritance		Northern Carib?											See Language page		0		2		0				0		0			no
Gabrielino	Bufonidae	kwa'ro'	ˈkʷaʔroʔ	zapo	inheritance	*kwaʔro	Uto-Aztecan		S941 (Stubbs 2009:157)			same	underived	no npn	-ʔaʧ “pet	possessive classifier for animals		Harrington 116	no info	2	Bullfrog is last child of Wuyot, and bewitched him. Couplet: waxaawut, kaarawut “bullfrog, earthworm	2	considered disgusting (McC p. 117)	no info	N/A	N/A	N/A	0		0	Americas	Diverse habitats	no
Guayabero	order Anura	bus	bus		inheritance								uncoded					See Language page		0		2		0				0		0			no
Hodï	order Anura	uaihlo			unique								uncoded					See Language page		0		2		0				0		0			no
Huambisa	order Anura	takash (not edible; see also other sp.)	takaʃ															See Language page
Hup	order Anura	hɔhɔ́h	hɔhɔ́h		doubtful loan			West Tukanoan	Siona/Secoya hoho				reduplicated					See Language page		0		2		0				0		0			no
Iipay 'Aa	Bufonidae	hantak		toad, frog	unique	*xa-nya	Proto-Yuman		Langdon 1979:637 FROG			broader (frogs and toads)	underived	probably has ha- “water”				Couro & Hutcheson 1973		2		2		0				0		0			no
Ingá	order Anura	tilili, wambui	sápu (SP loan), tilíli (H&R)															See Language page
Iquito	order Anura	macuaáti (general term)	makuaáti (general term)															See Language page
Kabiyari	order Anura	ruurú	ɾuuɾú															See Language page
Kaingang	order Anura	pèpo	pɛpo															See Language page
Kakua	order Anura	kâká	kâká		unique								onomatopoeic					See Language page		0		2		0				0		0			no
Kamayurá	order Anura	arutsam, kururu	arutsam, kururu															See Language page
Kariña	order Anura	tutukuri	tutukuri	frog sp.														Courtz 2007:395															no
Karitiana	order Anura	kyryryt	kɨɾɨɾɨt															See Language page
Kawaiisu	Bufonidae	chuk'-ko-po'-ish-she		toad	inheritance	*sikwo “tadpole”	Proto-Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 942 (2008:156)			same	other complex	chuk'-ko-po'-ish-she segmentation? Last element is -zi ABS -- maybe cɨga-poyo-zi “rough-ish”???				Merriam 59:377		2		2		0				0		0			no
Kiliwa	Bufonidae	x?nqhaatq		toads, frogs	unique							broader (toads and frogs)	underived	but x? may be “water; perhaps xa?=naa “swim”???				Mixco 1985		2		2		0				0		0			no
Kitanemuk	Bufonidae	wakatat	ˈwakatat	frog	inheritance	*wakaC-ta			S940 (Stubbs 2009:157); Tarahumara 7awaka seems OK in this set	WW	%wakat	broader (includes toads)	other complex	ˈwakata-t frog-npn	-ʔacit "pet"	possessive classifier for animals		Anderton 1988:562	no info	2		2		no info	no info	no info	no info	0		0	Americas	Diverse habitats	no
Kokama	order Anura	cururu	kuɾuɾu															See Language page
Koreguaje	order Anura	jojoo	xoxoo, 'hoho															See Language page
Kotiria	order Anura	ta'ʔaro bɨ'kɨ	ta'ʔaro bɨ'kɨ		inheritance		East Tukanoan						uncoded					See Language page		0		2		0				0		0			no
Kwazá	order Anura	koko, kotorɛ, kurukuru, ukato (these are names for various species of toad)	koko, kotorɛ, kurukuru, ukato (these are names for various species of toad)															See Language page
Lake Miwok	Bufonidae	7ukúuke		toad frog (Merriam confirms as “toad” 57:57)	unique								underived					Callaghan 1965		2		2		0				0		0			no
Lokono	order Anura	sibero	sibeɾo	toad														Pet 1987:375															no
Luiseño	Bufonidae	waxáawut	waʹxa:wut	bullfrog, toad	inheritance	*wakaC-ta	Uto-Aztecan		S940 (Stubbs 2009:157); Tarahumara 7awaka seems OK in this set.	WW	%wakat	broader (includes large frogs as well as toads)	derived	waʹxa:-wu-t frog-augmentative-non.possessed.noun	-ʔaʃ "pet"	possessive classifier; NPN form of noun is ʔaʃla	no info	Elliott 1999:1037	no info	2	Bullfrog is last child of Wuyot, and bewitched him. Couplet: waxaawut, kaarawut “bullfrog, earthworm”	2	not eaten	no info	N/A	N/A	N/A	0		0	Americas	wet lands, streams and lakes	no
Macaguan	order Anura	bus	bus		inheritance								uncoded					See Language page		0		2		0				0		0			no
Maidu	Bufonidae	ah-wah'-nim		toad	unique								other complex	-im				Merriam 57:49		2		2		0				0		0			no
Maihiki	order Anura	dobɨ ago, magudo ago	dobɨ ago, maguro ago, hóhó (H&R)		unique				Also maguro, hóhó (H&R)				uncoded		ago	ago = feminine animate		See Language page		0		2		0				0		0			no
Makiritare	order Anura	kawaw, tudu:du (KH)	kawaw, tudu:du (KH)		inheritance													See Language page
Makuna	order Anura	tarobʉcʉa (grande)	talobɨkɨa (gɾande), taro-bɨkɨ															See Language page
Makushi	order Anura	kúí (small frog)	kúí (small frog)	small frog	unknown				May be cognate with other Carib kuu- forms; but see also Achagua kuíiba									See Language page		0		2		0				0		0			no
Mapoyo	order Anura	kuura; poroi (frog); warakai (small frog)	kuura; poroi (frog); warakai (small frog)															See Language page
Matses	order Anura	omon [generic]	omon [generic]															See Language page
Minica Witoto	order Anura	gúaïkï, noɸáïŋo, héro	gúaɯkɯ, noɸáɯŋo, hέro															See Language page
Mojave	Bufonidae	hanye		type of toad	inheritance	*xa-nya	Proto-Yuman		Langdon 1979:637 FROG			broader (frogs and toads)	phrase	ha- “water”				Munro et al.1992		2		2		0				0		0			no
Movima	order Anura	huarańtei (J62)	xuarańtei															See Language page
Muinane	order Anura	xakúkúga, bɨ́ɨ́riʔi, níxaga, mɨ́ɨ́méba, xáákkɨba, βaúra	xakúkúga, bɨ́ɨ́riʔi, níxaga, mɨ́ɨ́méba, xáákkɨba, βaúra															See Language page
Muisca	order Anura	zihita	tʂihita															See Language page
Murui Witoto	order Anura	noɸaïño, herokï	noɸaɯɲo, hɛrokɯ															See Language page
Mutsun	Bufonidae	puk-kuk-min (JPH per CHM)		toad	unique								reduplicated, relative clause	-min "one who is/has"				Merriam 55:417		2		2		0				0		0			no
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect	order Anura		ɟapɤːh															See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect	order Anura		ɟapɤːʔ		inheritance													See Language page
Nheengatu	order Anura	yu'i (generic term, frog) aru (species of frog) kururu (type of frog, onomatopeia of cry), pakará (Leptodactilideo) mawá (Leptodactylus pentadactylus)	ju'i (generic term, frog) aru (species of frog), kururu (type of frog, onomatopeia of cry) pakará (Leptodactilideo), mawá (Leptodactylus pentadactylus)		inheritance		Proto-Tupi-Guarani		Reconstructed PTG Mello 2000.				underived					See Language page		0		2		0				0		0			no
Ninam	order Anura	coco (gom)	tʃotʃo (gom)		inheritance								uncoded					See Language page		0		2		0				0		0			no
Nisenan	Bufonidae	wah-kok-kok		toad	unique								reduplicated					Merriam 57:241		2		2		0				0		0			no
Northern Emberá	order Anura	bokorró	bokorró; pokʰoró (H&R)															See Language page
Northern Paiute	Bufonidae	ah'-buz-ze		Toad (Bufo)	unique							same	other complex	has -tsi ABS				Merriam 61:147		2		2		0				0		0			no
Northern Sierra Miwok	Bufonidae	pot'-pat'-tah		toad (Callaghan's “bullfrog”)	inheritance		Eastern Miwokan		Mip potpoto- “frog, bullfrog”				reduplicated					Merriam 57:431		2		2		0				0		0			no
Nukak	order Anura	bubu1 daʔ			loan			Cubeo	bʉbʉ-kɔ or other Tukanoan				uncoded					See Language page		0		2		0				0		0			no
Nɨpode Witoto	order Anura	gúku, akáiño, nopáïŋo, héro	gúku, akáiɲo, nopáɯŋo, hέro															See Language page
Ocaina	order Anura	gocóójo, tyooro, opépeco, uura	gokóóho, tʲooro, opépeko, ɯɯra															See Language page
Paresi	order Anura	ˈkali	ˈkali		inheritance													See Language page
Pemon	order Anura	pereteku (A1981); ampak (frog), chiinau (toad) (E1980)	peɾeteku (A1981); ampak, tʃinaʊ (E1980)		inheritance		Akawaio, Pemon		Also pereteku (A1981); ampak (frog)									See Language page		0		2		0				0		0			no
Piapoco	order Anura	balùta	balùta															See Language page
Piaroa	order Anura	weuæ	weuʷæ															See Language page
Plains Miwok	Bufonidae	potpot, potpoto-		toad	inheritance		Eastern Miwokan		Mins word for “toad, bullfrog”				reduplicated					Callaghan 1984		2		2		0				0		0			no
Playero	order Anura		busú															See Language page
Puinave	order Anura	frog: kim	frog: kim															See Language page
Páez	order Anura	buchi, zunz	zunz; sap (SP loan, H&R)															See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	order Anura	hampatu	hampatu															See Language page
Resígaro	order Anura	todokáakú	todokáakú		loan			Bora (Seifart 2011)					uncoded					See Language page		0		2		0				0		0			no
Salinan A	Bufonidae	ho-yoCH		toad	unique		Salinan						underived					Merriam 55:379		2		2		0				0		0			no
Salinan M	Bufonidae	hah-yoCH		toad	unique		Salinan						underived					Merriam 55:379		2		2		0				0		0			no
Sanumá	order Anura	sozo bɨ (general "toads")	soʃo bɨ		inheritance								uncoded					See Language page		0		2		0				0		0			no
Secoya	order Anura	jojo, oma (types of toad)	ʻho'ho															See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	Bufonidae	otác		toad, frog	unique							broader (frogs and toads)	underived					Comcaac Dictionary 460		2		2		0				0		0			no
Serrano	Bufonidae	missing			missing								missing							2		2		0				0		0			no
Sikuani	order Anura	anajibiwi (34), busu (2)(Bufo granulosus), edali (2), kumo (1), kutete (2) (Physalaemus neglectus dunni)	busú-to		inheritance				also anajibiwi (34), edali (2), kumo (1), kutete (2) (Physalaemus neglectus dunni)				uncoded					See Language page		0		2		0				0		0			no
Siona	order Anura	jojo	hoho															See Language page
Siriano	order Anura	tʉbʉ́ró	tɨbɨ́ɾó															See Language page
Sirionó	order Anura	nyuɨ (P85)	njuɨ															See Language page
Southern Paiute	Bufonidae	paqwan'A		frog, toad	inheritance	*kwa'Lo	Proto-Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 941 (2008:157); wouldn't pa: “water” give pagwano???			broader (frogs and toads)	phrase	water-frog/toad (maybe)				Sapir 1930:6o4		2		2		0				0		0			no
Southern Pastaza Quechua	order Anura	sapu (Spanish loan)	sapu															See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	Bufonidae	7ol:oco7-ma-		toad	inheritance		Sierra Miwokan only		Also in Mics				other complex	-ma theme				Broadbent 1964:		2		2		0				0		0			no
Southern Ute	Bufonidae	missing			missing								missing							2		2		0				0		0			no
Sáliva	order Anura	uuxo	uuxo															See Language page
Tanimuca	order Anura	ũ'bã 'ka (frog); uru'uru riká (venemous toad)	ũ'bã 'ka (frog); uru'uru riká (venemous toad)															See Language page
Tariana	order Anura	hípaɾu, káma, mulítu; páisi (H&R92)	hípaɾu, káma, mulítu		inheritance		North Arawak		Also káma, mulítu; páisi (H&R92)				uncoded					See Language page		0		2		0				0		0			no
Tatuyo	order Anura	ʻtɨ'bɨ'ro	ʻtɨ'bɨ'ro															See Language page
Taushiro	order Anura	honto´	hontoʔ															See Language page
Tikuna	order Anura	có-rurú (Alv44)	kóʔrurú															See Language page
Tukano	order Anura	taárokɨ	taárokɨ, taʔrókɨ		inheritance		East Tukanoan						uncoded					See Language page		0		2		0				0		0			no
Tuyuka	order Anura	tɨ'bɨ́ro	tɨ'bɨ́ro															See Language page
Tübatulabal	Bufonidae	wōhnāl	wo:hˈna:l	large kind of frog	unique							broader (includes frog)	other complex	wo:hˈna:-l frog.sp-npn				Hill 2010:121	no info	2		2	Voegelin 1938:12	no info	N/A	N/A	N/A	0		0	Americas	Diverse habitats	no
Tümpisa Shoshone	Bufonidae	wakatta		toad	inheritance	wakatta/wakaN-ta	Proto-Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 940 (2008:157)	WW	%wakat	same	underived					Dayley 1989:378		2		2		0				0		0			no
Urarina	order Anura	dari	daɽi															See Language page
Wai Wai	order Anura	pororɨ; kuuto (frog)	pororɨ; kuuto (frog)															See Language page
Waikhana	order Anura	ta'ʔaro kɨ	ta'ʔaro kɨ															See Language page
Waimaja	order Anura	tʰɨ́bɨ́ľò	tʰɨ́bɨ́rò															See Language page
Waimiri Atroari	order Anura	pyryry (frog)	pɨrɨrɨ (frog)															See Language page
Wapishana	order Anura	frog: kʰiˀbaru	frog: kʰiˀbaru	frog	inheritance		North Arawak?											See Language page		0		2		0				0		0			no
Wappo	Bufonidae	lelekópa		toad (CHM confirms 52:577)	inheritance		Yukian-Wappo		Yuki al-kap'-to MWO				reduplicated					Sawyer 1965		2		2		0				0		0			no
Washo	Bufonidae	now'-wah gaw'-tah		toad (“ground frog”)	unique								phrase					Merriam 55:311		2		2		0				0		0			no
Waurá	order Anura	kažutukalu	kažutukalu		inheritance													See Language page
Wayampi	order Anura	kululu, pilikɔlɔ (G89)	kululu, pilikɔlɔ (G89)															See Language page
Wayana	order Anura	[no generic?]	[no generic?]		missing													See Language page
Western Mono	Bufonidae	otsoqoi'		a large variety of toad (unidentified species)	loan			Yokuts	Chukchansi oo-koo'-koo, o-koo'-ko (looks Proto-Yokutsan)			narrower ( defined as a kind of toad)	underived					Bethel et al.:118	no info	2		2		no info	no info	no info	no info	0		0			no
Wintu	Bufonidae	yoho:lmet		frog, toad (CHM confirms 56:47, 79)	inheritance	*yoho(:)l	Wintun		Shepherd 2005				relative clause	yoho:la “to have pimples”				Pitkin 1985		2		2		0				0		0			no
Yabarana	order Anura		pəru															See Language page
Yagua	order Anura	sicyutu	sikjutu															See Language page
Yanomami	order Anura	yoyo	jojo		inheritance								underived					See Language page		0		2		0				0		0			no
Yavapai	Bufonidae	missing			missing								missing							2		2		0				0		0			no
Yavitero	order Anura	tu'kutua	tu'kutua															See Language page
Yokuts Palewyami	Bufonidae	missing			missing								missing							2		2		0				0		0			no
Yokuts Yawdanchi	Bufonidae	o-ko'-ko, oo-koo'-koo		toad (Wik)	inheritance		Nim-Yokuts		Kroeber lists define Nim-Yokuts (no Buena Vista form; Pal. also missing)			same	underived					Merriam 58:371		2		2		0				0		0			no
Yokuts Yowlumne	Bufonidae	o-gŏ-ko; ho-gŏ-ko		toad	inheritance		Nim-Yokuts		Kroeber lists define Nim-Yokuts (no Buena Vista form; Pal. also missing)			same	underived					Merriam 58:561		2		2		0				0		0			no
Yuki	Bufonidae	al-kap'-to MWO		toad	inheritance		Yukian-Wappo		Wappo lelekópa				phrase	tree-X				Sawyer & Schlichter 1984		2		2		0				0		0			no
Yukpa	order Anura	kupetchu (SM)	kupetchu (SM), pókwo, kopéstʃo (H&R)															See Language page																Phon only in source
Yukuna	order Anura	kururú; makaxmé (H&R92)	kuɾuɾú		loan		Yucuna-Kabiyari	TG kururu	Also makaxmé (H&R92)				uncoded					See Language page		0		2		0				0		0			no
Yuma	Bufonidae	hahn'-n>yĕ mek-oor'		Toad (Bufo)	inheritance	*xa-nya	Proto-Yuman		FROG with a modifier				unknown					Merriam 61:463		2		2		0				0		0			no
Yuruti	order Anura	tɨ'bɨ́ɨro	tɨ'bɨ́ɨro															See Language page
Záparo	order Anura	puka, tawhwa (types of toads)	puka, tawhʷa															See Language page


Achagua
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Andoke
Apalai
Ashuar
Baniwa
Bankalachi Toloim
Barasano
Bará
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Cahuilla
Camsa
Candoshi-Shapra
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Chemehuevi
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cuiva
Cupeño
Desano
Djeoromitxi
Dâw
Esselen
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Guayabero
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Iquito
Kabiyari
Kaingang
Kakua
Kamayurá
Kariña
Karitiana
Kawaiisu
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kokama
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lokono
Luiseño
Macaguan
Maidu
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Makushi
Mapoyo
Matses
Minica Witoto
Mojave
Movima
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Nheengatu
Ninam
Nisenan
Northern Emberá
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nukak
Nɨpode Witoto
Ocaina
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Plains Miwok
Playero
Puinave
Páez
Quechua Ayacuchano
Resígaro
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanumá
Secoya
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Sikuani
Siona
Siriano
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Sáliva
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tatuyo
Taushiro
Tikuna
Tukano
Tuyuka
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waikhana
Waimaja
Waimiri Atroari
Wapishana
Wappo
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Western Mono
Wintu
Yabarana
Yagua
Yanomami
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuma
Yuruti
Záparo

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