Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

crab

Semantic Field: flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: cangrejo
Meaning Portuguese: caranguejo

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Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Hypernym	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	Medicinal Notes	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Psychotropic Notes	Traded	Trade Notes	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous	Ethnobiology Notes	Species Notes	General Notes

Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Source	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Food Source	Medicinal	Psychotropic	Traded	Dangerous	General Notes
Aguaruna	infraorder Brachyura	punúk	punúk		unique								See Language page
Akawaio	infraorder Brachyura	makkwai	maʔkwaɪ		unknown	Akawaio, Pemon	shared Pemon						See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Apalai	infraorder Brachyura	aikaka	aikaka		unknown								See Language page
Ashuar	infraorder Brachyura	chúngka, nukúch	ʧuŋka, nukuʧ										See Language page
Baniwa	infraorder Brachyura	kaátsi	kaátsi		unknown				uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Bora	infraorder Brachyura	nehwáyu	neʔkwáju		inheritance								See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra	infraorder Brachyura	zitágóoza	ʂitángóoʂa		unique								See Language page
Carapana	infraorder Brachyura	ãpĩ	ãpĩ										See Language page
Cavineña	infraorder Brachyura	sero (G71)	sero (G71)										See Language page
Central Aymara	infraorder Brachyura	apankuraya (P04)	apankuraja (P04)										See Language page
Cofán	infraorder Brachyura	ccosha	khoʃa										See Language page							phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Cubeo	infraorder Brachyura	cãmidʉ (freshwater, generic term), docʉcãmidʉ, macacãmidʉ, neicamidʉ, taquecãmidʉ	kãmidʉ (freshwater, generic term), dokʉkãmidʉ, makakãmidʉ, nɛikamidʉ, takɛkãmidʉ		inheritance	Proto-Tukanoan		Also dɔkʉkãmidʉ, makakãmidʉ, nɛikamidʉ, takɛkãmidʉ	uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Desano	infraorder Brachyura	gãmi	gãmi		inheritance	Proto-Tukanoan			uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Djeoromitxi	infraorder Brachyura	mĩtokakä	mĩtokakǝ										See Language page
Dâw	infraorder Brachyura	xaàm	xâm		doubtful loan		Tukanoan kami (would be an old loan?)		missing				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Eñepa	infraorder Brachyura	onwa' (inedible), ki'kë Var. ke'kë, achïm, Var. apëchïm (edible) (MM)	onwaʔ (inedible), kiʔkǝ Var. keʔkǝ, atʃɨm, Var. apǝtʃɨm (edible) (MM)	inedible crab	unknown			Also kiʔkë Var. keʔkë, atʃïm, Var. apëtʃïm (edible)					See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Hodï	infraorder Brachyura	iye			unique				uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Huambisa	infraorder Brachyura	urik	urik										See Language page
Hup	infraorder Brachyura	cɔhɔ́	cɔhɔ́		unique				other complex	lexicalized cV- prefix?			See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Ignaciano	infraorder Brachyura		sase (Ott & Ott83)										See Language page
Ingá	infraorder Brachyura	kangariju (Spanish loan)											See Language page
Iquito	infraorder Brachyura	máquɨɨja	mákɨɨha		doubtful loan		Wari' makɨʔ						See Language page
Kaingang	infraorder Brachyura	jògè	yɔgɛ										See Language page
Kakua	infraorder Brachyura	~jákoʔ	~jákoɁ		unknown			seems like a semantic shift. Nukak has the same word meaning tortoise	underived				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Kamayurá	infraorder Brachyura	wararuˀa	wararuˀa		inheritance		similar forms in Parintintin and Tapirare (Mello 2000)						See Language page
Kariña	infraorder Brachyura	kusa	kusa	crab									Yamada 2010:756						no
Karitiana	infraorder Brachyura	are	aɾe		unknown								See Language page
Koreguaje	infraorder Brachyura	ka'mi	khaʔmi		inheritance								See Language page
Kotiria	infraorder Brachyura	~pʉ	~pʉ		inheritance	Proto-Tukanoan			uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Kwazá	infraorder Brachyura	dede	dede										See Language page
Lokono	infraorder Brachyura	koa	koa	crab									Pet 1987:58						no
Macaguan	infraorder Brachyura	jaknít	haknít		unique				uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Maihiki	infraorder Brachyura	cami ago	kami ago		inheritance	Proto-Tukanoan			uncoded		ago	ago = feminine animate	See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Makiritare	infraorder Brachyura	sada:kani (KH) (also means 'crayfish')	sada:kani		inheritance								See Language page
Makuna	infraorder Brachyura	gãjigã	gãxigã		inheritance								See Language page
Mapoyo	infraorder Brachyura	kayakani	kayakani										See Language page
Matses	infraorder Brachyura	canchu	cantʃu		unknown								See Language page
Movima	infraorder Brachyura	daca (J62)	daka										See Language page
Muinane	infraorder Brachyura	nɨhɨbaje (W97)	nɨhɨbaxe										See Language page
Muisca	infraorder Brachyura	fupqua	pupkua										See Language page
Murui Witoto	infraorder Brachyura	ɨcojɨ, jeecaño	ɯkohɯ, hɛɛkaɲo (B83)		unknown								See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect	infraorder Brachyura		jariʔtõ, jaraʔtõ		doubtful loan		cf. Arawak korolo, Wayana kalapu						See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	infraorder Brachyura	apangura	apanguɾa										See Language page
Nheengatu	infraorder Brachyura	uça	usa		inheritance	Proto-Tupi-Guarani		Reconstructed PTG Mello 2000	underived				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Ninam	infraorder Brachyura	oko (EM72)	oko		inheritance				uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Northern Emberá	infraorder Brachyura	heebhé	he:bhé										See Language page
Ocaina	infraorder Brachyura	ohxóóroco	oʔxóóroko		unknown								See Language page
Pemon	infraorder Brachyura	makwai (E1980)	maʔwaɪ (E1980)		unknown	Akawaio, Pemon	Shared Akawaio						See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Piapoco	infraorder Brachyura	mása	mása										See Language page
Páez	infraorder Brachyura	wãca											See Language page
Resígaro	infraorder Brachyura	ipádoʔhí	ipádoʔhí		inheritance				missing				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Sanumá	infraorder Brachyura	õko bɨ (general "crabs"), oko (EM72)	õko bɨ (general "crabs"), oko (EM72)		inheritance				uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Secoya	infraorder Brachyura	ca'mi, pene ca'mi (type of crab)	kãʔmi, pẽnɛ kãʔmi										See Language page
Sikuani	infraorder Brachyura	kaluwai (1)			loan		cf. Saliva kalabaʔʤa, Wayana kalapu; maybe from Arawak		uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Siona	infraorder Brachyura	ca'mi	kaʔmi		inheritance								See Language page
Siriano	infraorder Brachyura	caaúgʉ́											See Language page
Sirionó	infraorder Brachyura	isa (P85)	isa		inheritance								See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua	infraorder Brachyura	apangura	apanguɾa										See Language page
Sáliva	infraorder Brachyura	calabahlla	kalabaʔʤa		loan		cf. Sikuani kaluwai, Wayana kalapu; maybe from Arawak						See Language page
Tanimuca	infraorder Brachyura	ã'bĩã	ã'bĩã		inheritance								See Language page
Tariana	infraorder Brachyura	kuheni	kuheni		unknown				missing				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Taushiro	infraorder Brachyura	cueha´	kuɨhaʔ										See Language page
Tikuna	infraorder Brachyura	ó-ve (Alv44)	óʔwe		unique								See Language page
Tukano	infraorder Brachyura	ãpɨ̂	ãpɨ̂		inheritance	Proto-Tukanoan			uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Wai Wai	infraorder Brachyura	xakawa (SM)	xakawa (SM)		unknown								See Language page
Waimiri Atroari	infraorder Brachyura	sady	sadɨ										See Language page
Waorani	infraorder Brachyura	óto			unique		Yagua	kõtu	uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Warao	infraorder Brachyura	he	he										See Language page
Wari	infraorder Brachyura	makyʔ (Sousa2009)	makɨʔ (Sousa2009)										See Language page
Wayampi	infraorder Brachyura	uwa (G89)	uwa (G89)		inheritance								See Language page
Wayana	infraorder Brachyura	kalapu, sipalat, waimak	kalapu, sipalat, waimak		doubtful loan		cf. Saliva kalabaʔʤa, Sikuani kalawai; maybe from Arawak						See Language page
Wayuu	infraorder Brachyura		hórolo (Captain2005)										See Language page
Yabarana	infraorder Brachyura		kaja'kani										See Language page
Yagua	infraorder Brachyura	cotu	kõtu		unique								See Language page
Yanomam	infraorder Brachyura	oko	oko		inheritance				uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Yanomami	infraorder Brachyura	oko	oko		inheritance				underived				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Yukpa	infraorder Brachyura	bayáramo	bajáramo										See Language page							Phon only in source
Yukuna	infraorder Brachyura	jipóro'oji, ipóro'oji	hipóɾoʔohi, ipóɾoʔohi		inheritance				uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Záparo	infraorder Brachyura	turuk+naka (ravine crab? Cangrejo de quebrada)	turukɨnaka										See Language page


Aguaruna
Akawaio
Apalai
Ashuar
Baniwa
Bora
Candoshi-Shapra
Carapana
Cavineña
Central Aymara
Cofán
Cubeo
Desano
Djeoromitxi
Dâw
Eñepa
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Ingá
Iquito
Kaingang
Kakua
Kamayurá
Kariña
Karitiana
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lokono
Macaguan
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Mapoyo
Matses
Movima
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Nheengatu
Ninam
Northern Emberá
Ocaina
Pemon
Piapoco
Páez
Resígaro
Sanumá
Secoya
Sikuani
Siona
Siriano
Sirionó
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Sáliva
Tanimuca
Tariana
Taushiro
Tikuna
Tukano
Wai Wai
Waimiri Atroari
Waorani
Warao
Wari
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Yabarana
Yagua
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yukpa
Yukuna
Záparo

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