Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

anteater

Semantic Field
flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
oso hormiguero; tapia pelejo or pelejo chico for Cyclopes didactylus
Meaning Portuguese
tamanduá

Languages

Language Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes
Akawaio Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) kokchiiriimö kɔʔtʃirimö unknown Akawaio, Pemon shared Pemon See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonian lowlands no
Baniwa Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) ttáaro t̪áaɻo inheritance Central North Arawak, Rio Negro branch uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonian lowlands no
Carijona Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) həremu (SM) hɯrɯu (large), wari’tʃi (small) (H&R) doubtful loan; inheritance Yucuna haru Also hɯrɯu (large), wari’tʃi (small) (H&R) Narrower (may mean 'large anteater') See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonian lowlands no
Cubeo Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) mie, mijacʉ bĩ'é̃, miɛ, mihakɨ inheritance Proto-Tukanoan uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonian lowlands no
Dâw Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) yon (Tamandua tridactyla), xuùn (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), mʉg (nickname for M.t.) jon (Tamandua tridactyla), xûn (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), mɨg (nickname for M.t.) inheritance, doubtful loan into protolanguage Hup-Yuhup-Daw East Tukanoan e.g. Tukano bɨko underived See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonian lowlands no
Desano Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) bugu bu'gú, bugu inheritance East Tukanoan uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonian lowlands no
Eñepa Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) ancha (palmero), Var. añcha; weinki' (melero) (MM) ancha (palmero), Var. aɲcha; weinkiʔ (melero) (MM) palmero (giant anteater) inheritance N Amazonian subgroup? (shared Mapoyo and Eñepa) Also weinkiʔ (melero, lesser anteater) Narrower (giant anteater) See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonian lowlands no
Guayabero Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) mesabéhen, tʃoél tʃoél, mesabéhen inheritance l to n correspondence elsewhere uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonian lowlands no
Hup Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) bɨ̌g bɨ̌g doubtful loan into protolanguage Hup-Yuhup-Daw Tukanoan doubtful loan, e.g. Tukano bɨko underived See Language page 0 1 0 ? 0 0 Widespread Amazonian lowlands no
Kakua Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) ~ûb ~Ɂûb unique underived See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonian lowlands no
Macaguan Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) makút makút doubtful loan Carib: Makiritare, Yabarana mohko Yabarana mohko (appears in Macaguan only) uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonian lowlands no
Nheengatu Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) wariri, wariri'i waɾiɾi, waɾiɾi'i doubtful loan Carib, e.g. Wayana walisi Also: waɾiɾi'i underived See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonian lowlands no
Ninam Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) t@p@ (gom) təpə (gom) inheritance uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonian lowlands no
Nukak Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) pẽõʔ2 ni4 de1 unique uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonian lowlands no
Maihiki Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) aimano ago aibãdõ, aimano ago unique uncoded ago ago = feminine animate See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonian lowlands no
Pemon Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) kochirima (A1981); kochiiriimö (E1980) kotʃiɾima (A1981); kɔtʃirimö (E1980) unknown Akawaio, Pemon shared Akawaio See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonian lowlands no
Resígaro Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) monóotsí (small), piígí monóotsí (small), piígí inheritance cognate M. tetradactyla (Ramirez 2001) Also monóotsí (small anteater) uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonian lowlands no
Sanumá Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) soko a (coll. Anteater), olosomɨ a (silky anteater), tebɨ a (giant anteater, tebɨ nase a (giant anteater), tebɨ bɨ (general classification?) soko a (coll. Anteater), olosomɨ a (silky anteater), tebɨ a (giant anteater, tebɨ nase a (giant anteater), tebɨ bɨ (general classification?) inheritance soko a (coll. Anteater), olosomɨ a (silky anteater), tebɨ a (giant anteater, tebɨ nase a (giant anteater), uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonian lowlands no
Sikuani Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) tsó-nɨ, amuabali (small and white), kofia (Tamandua tetradactyla) tsó-nɨ inheritance also: amuabali (small and white anteater) uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonian lowlands no
Tariana Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) sálu 'tamanduá bandeira', ãtẽ sálu 'tamanduá bandeira', ãtẽ inheritance Also sálu 'tamanduá bandeira' uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonian lowlands no
Tukano Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) bɨkô bɨkô inheritance East Tukanoan uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonian lowlands no
Kotiria Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) ~bie bĩ'ẽ, ~bie inheritance Proto-Tukanoan uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonian lowlands no
Yanomami Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) shoko, aroto, masihoto (JF86) ʃoko, aɾoto, masihoto inheritance also ʃoko, masihoto underived See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonian lowlands no
Yukuna Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) jaru, saru haɾu, saɾu inheritance Central North Arawak, Rio Negro branch uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonian lowlands no
Yuhup Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) bɯ̌g bɯ̌g doubtful loan into protolanguage Hup-Yuhup-Daw East Tukanoan e.g. Tukano bɨko underived See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Widespread Amazonian lowlands no
Achagua Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) sá:ru sá:ru inheritance See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Piapoco Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) mutùsi, sálu 'oso palmero' mutùsi, sálu 'oso palmeɾo' See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Kabiyari Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) t̪áaru, páapari (Cyclopes) t̪áaɾu, páapaɾi (Cyclopes) See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Yavitero Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) mulújli mulúľ̥i See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Paresi Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) tikore tikjure inheritance cognate Warekena? See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Waurá Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) iupe (Mello99) iupe (Mello99) unique See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Bora Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) ɨɨ́xï, tʰoʔxɨ ɨɨ́xɯ, tʰoʔxɨ inheritance See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Muinane Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) xééxɨ, túúxe xééxɨ, túúxe See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Wayana Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) walisimë walisimǝ inheritance See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Tiriyó Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) masiwë (giant anteater) masiwǝ unknown See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Makiritare Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) hömu:kö (KH) həmu:kə unknown See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Mapoyo Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) ansa (white-faced); warihi (black-faced) ansa (white-faced); warihi (black-faced) See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Wai Wai Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) waaxi (SM) waaxi (SM) inheritance See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Yabarana Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) mohko See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Yukpa Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) ársimo arókamɨ (large), arókaʃe (small) (H&R) See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands Phon only in source
Kalapalo Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) aGiGi ("giant anteater") aGiGi ("giant anteater") unknown maybe cognate w/ warisi terms? See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Northern Emberá Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) tʰapudá (H&R) See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Cuiva Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) nonʉ tsón oso melegro/oso hormiguero Kondo 1983:116 Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Playero Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) netsónɨ, tsónɨ See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Cofán Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) betta bɛtha See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Candoshi-Shapra Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) makina makina unique See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Taushiro Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) antechiyo anteʃiyo See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Tikuna Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) tchá-tê (Alv44) tʃáʔtɨ unique See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Urarina Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) ʉkʉari ʉkʉaɽi unique See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Andoke Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) čehiekǝ(üh) (RW52) unique See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Pumé Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) tuchupi (arboreal); ariguri (giant) (Lin97) See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Puinave Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) jãn (H&R) unique See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Warao Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) basayanaɾu basaynaru See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Ashuar Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) wishe wishe wiʃɯ wiʃɯ See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Huambisa Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) wishiishi wiʃi:ʃi See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Aguaruna Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) wishiíshi wiʃi:ʃi inheritance See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Nadëb/Roçado dialect Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) jahuːn inheritance See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) ʔihuːn See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Matses Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) tsequeded (oso hormiɡuero de dos dedos) tsekeded unknown See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Yagua Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) janutyu xãnũtju unique See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Southern Pastaza Quechua Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) wangana pillan (wangana=huangana (loan); pillan=?), wawniru wangana piʎan, wawniɾu See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Napo Lowland Quichua Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) pillian, tamanuhua, machín pishcu (OP79), chucchucchu (OP79) piʎian, tamanuwa See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Piaroa Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) ñuhúh (K76) ɲuhúh unique See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Sáliva Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) chau, wĩxõ ʧau, wĩxõ doubtful loan Guahiban See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Bará Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) bɨ'ko See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Barasano Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) bẽkã́ bɨkó bẽkã́ bɨkó See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Carapana Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) bʉco bɨ'kó, bɨkɔ See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Makuna Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) bʉco bɨko inheritance See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Yuruti Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) bɨ́ko bɨ́ko See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Waikhana Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) bĩ'ẽ bĩ'ẽ See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Siriano Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) bugú; ajʉ́cá (small) bu'gú See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Tanimuca Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) wẽ'ã 'ka wẽ'ã 'ka inheritance See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Tatuyo Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) bɨ'kó bɨ'kó See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Tuyuka Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) bɨ'kó bɨ'kó See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Waimaja Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) bɨ́kʰó bɨ́kʰó See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Koreguaje Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) chuchu dʒudʒu, mie loan Quechua? See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Siona Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) mie mie inheritance See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Secoya Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) mie mĩẽ See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Karitiana Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) ojopyty ojopɨtɨ unknown See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Wayampi Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) tamanuwa (G89) tamanuwa (G89) inheritance See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Sirionó Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) ãtã mbucha (P85) ãtã mbutʃa unique See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Kamayurá Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) tamanuã (K12) tamanuã (K12) inheritance See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Ocaina Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) jíaanco, joonhan hĩ́ããco, hõõʔã unique See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Nɨpode Witoto Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) eréño, dobóǰi ɛrέɲo, dobódʒi See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Minica Witoto Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) eréño ɛrέɲo See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Murui Witoto Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) ereño ɛrɛɲo inheritance/Witoto See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Iquito Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) siruúsi (Myrmecophaga tridactyla); aríija (Cyclopes didactylus) siruúsi (Myrmecophaga tridactyla); aríiha (Cyclopes didactylus) inheritance See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Záparo Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) arawsu (tipo de) aɾawsu See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Wari Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) pijiman, ʔopik (Sousa2009) pijiman, ʔopik (Sousa2009) See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Ese Ejja/Huarayo Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) beo-pisi (Girard 1971) beo-pisi See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Cavineña Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) be(ʔ)i be(ʔ)i See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Kwazá Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) asitsu asitsu See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Movima Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) huayehuaye (J62) xuajexuaje See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Kaingang Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) jòti yɔti See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Djeoromitxi Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) parori parori See Language page Widespread Amazonian lowlands
Kanamarí pája pája tamanduá Magalhães 2018:358
Lokono Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) baremo baremo great ant-eater or ant bear Fanshawe 1949:59 Widespread Amazonian lowlands no
Kariña Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) tamanua tamanua anteater Yamada 2010:807 Widespread Amazonian lowlands no