Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

jaguar

Semantic Field
flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
yaguar, yaguareté, jaguar, otorongo (Peru), tigre (Peru)
Meaning Portuguese
onca

Languages

Language Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes
Akawaio Panthera onca tiimening timɛnɪŋ inheritance Northern Carib? (attested Pemon, Akawaio, Eñepa, maybe Waimiri-Atroari) See Language page 1 2 0 0 0 yes
Baniwa Panthera onca dzáawi; Iawí (R95) dzáawi doubtful loan into protolanguage, direction unknown North Arawak Tukanoan *jai, cf. Tupi-Guarani *jawar Compare similar Tukanoan forms, e.g. e.g. Cubeo ja'wí, javi. Also Iawí (R95) uncoded See Language page 1 2 0 0 0 yes
Carijona Panthera onca kaykuči (also dog); kaikuchi enetonó (R95) kai’kutʃi, ano’tona(H&R) dog, jaguar' inheritance Unknown (shared Carijona and Makushi) Also kai’kutʃi ano’tona (H&R, Rodriguez) Broader (dog, jaguar) See Language page 1 2 0 0 0 yes
Cubeo Panthera onca yavi; yawi, tahwi (R95) ja'wí, javi doubtful loan into protolanguage, direction unknown Arawak (Chacon reconstructs); cf. TG *jawar Compare similar Arawak forms uncoded See Language page 1 2 0 0 0 yes
Dâw Panthera onca ‘yamxʉ’ j’amxɨʔ inheritance jaguar-write'? compound See Language page 1 2 0 0 0 yes
Desano Panthera onca yee jé, yee doubtful loan into protolanguage, direction unknown Arawak (Chacon reconstructs); cf. TG *jawar Compare similar Arawak forms uncoded See Language page 1 2 0 0 0 yes
Eñepa Panthera onca akërë, akërë tameñkemënë, Var. kërë (MM) akǝrǝ, akǝrǝ tameɲkemǝnǝ, Var. kǝrǝ (MM) inheritance Also akǝrǝ tameɲkemǝnǝ, kǝrǝ See Language page 1 2 0 0 0 yes
Guayabero Panthera onca nud, nusa nud, nusa (R95) unique uncoded See Language page 1 2 0 0 0 yes
Hodï Panthera onca choywei loan cf. Arawak jawi Compare similar form for 'dog' uncoded See Language page 1 2 0 0 0 yes
Waorani Panthera onca méñe doubtful loan Tupi-Guarani jawa uncoded See Language page 1 2 0 0 0 yes
Hup Panthera onca yãʔám jãʔám inheritance underived See Language page 1 2 0 0 0 yes
Kakua Panthera onca ~hiw hǐw inheritance underived See Language page 1 2 0 0 0 yes
Macaguan Panthera onca newít, newɨ´to newít, newɨ´to inheritance uncoded See Language page 1 2 0 0 0 yes
Makushi Panthera onca kaikusi (SM) kaikusi (SM) inheritance Unknown (shared Carijona and Makushi) See Language page 1 2 0 0 0 yes
Nheengatu Panthera onca yawaɾaté, yawaɾate (yawara=felino, te,ete=legitimate) jawaɾaté, jawaɾate (jawara=felino, te,ete=legitimate) inheritance Proto-Tupi-Guarani cf. Arawak, Tukanoan Reconstructed PTG Mello 2000 Other complex jawara 'feline', -(e)te 'true' See Language page 1 2 0 0 0 yes
Ninam Panthera onca tIhI (gom) tɯhɯ (gom) inheritance uncoded See Language page 1 2 0 0 0 yes
Nukak Panthera onca hio2 inheritance uncoded See Language page 1 2 0 0 0 yes
Maihiki Panthera onca jai yai aguɨ, jai mɨmɨdi aguɨ xai jai agɨ, xai mɨmɨdi agɨ, jai doubtful loan into protolanguage, direction unknown Arawak (Chacon reconstructs); cf. TG *jawar Compare similar Arawak forms. Also xai mɨmɨdi uncoded agɨ agɨ = masculine animate See Language page 1 2 0 0 0 yes
Pemon Panthera onca tɨmenneng (E1980) tɨmɛnnɛŋ (E1980) inheritance Northern Carib? (attested Pemon, Akawaio, Eñepa, maybe Waimiri-Atroari) See Language page 1 2 0 0 0 yes
Resígaro Panthera onca íiní (dp91) íiní (dp91), dʒéeβí (dog) inheritance Proto-Arawak (North and South) Also dʒéeβí (H&R, others) Broader (dog and jaguar) uncoded See Language page 1 2 0 0 0 yes
Sanumá Panthera onca tului a, sanuna a?, ɨla (EM72) tului a, sanuna a?, ɨla (EM72) inheritance also sanuna a?, ɨla uncoded See Language page 1 2 0 0 0 yes
Sikuani Panthera onca amarunewütjü (35), nevëthë (cat in general, rk83), avácana, vacuínali (felis onça, rk83) newɨtʰɨ unknown; inheritance also avácana, vacuínali (felis onça, rk83), amarunewütju (35) Broader (cat in general) uncoded See Language page 1 2 0 0 0 yes
Tariana Panthera onca siin[u] (dp91), deːɾiphína 'onça pintada, yáwi 'onça' siin[u] (dp91), deːɾipʰína 'onça pintada, jáwi 'onça', (H&R, Giacone: i-javi, iaavi, li-tsávi, javi) inheritance; doubtful loan into protolanguage, direction unknown North Arawak Tukanoan *jai, cf. Tupi-Guarani *jawar Compare similar Tukanoan forms, e.g. e.g. Cubeo ja'wí, javi. Also siin[u] (dp91), deːɾipʰína 'onça pintada, jáwi 'onça', (H&R, Giacone: i-javi, iaavi, li-tsávi, javi) uncoded See Language page 1 2 0 0 0 yes
Tukano Panthera onca yaî jaî, jáí doubtful loan into protolanguage, direction unknown Arawak (Chacon reconstructs); cf. TG *jawar Compare similar Arawak forms uncoded See Language page 1 2 0 0 0 yes
Kotiria Panthera onca yai jai, jai-ro doubtful loan into protolanguage, direction unknown Arawak (Chacon reconstructs); cf. TG *jawar Compare similar Arawak forms uncoded See Language page 1 2 0 0 0 yes
Wapishana Panthera onca baɨɖukuɽɨ baɨɖukuɽɨ unique See Language page 1 2 0 0 0 yes
Yanomam Panthera onca tɨhɨ (EM72) tɨhɨ inheritance uncoded See Language page 1 2 0 0 0 yes
Yanomami Panthera onca ɨra, washaẽma ɨɾa, waʃaẽma inheritance underived See Language page 1 2 0 0 0 yes
Yukuna Panthera onca yawi jáwi (hr01) doubtful loan into protolanguage, direction unknown North Arawak Tukanoan *jai, cf. Tupi-Guarani *jawar Compare similar Tukanoan forms, e.g. e.g. Cubeo ja'wí, javi. uncoded See Language page 1 2 0 0 0 yes
Yuhup Panthera onca jãʔã̌b jãʔã̌b inheritance underived See Language page 1 2 0 0 0 yes
Achagua Panthera onca tʃáawi (hr01) tʃá:wi (hr01) doubtful loan into protolanguage, direction unknown Tukanoan *jai, cf. Tupi-Guarani *jawar See Language page
Piapoco Panthera onca tsá(a)wi (hr01), catànèeri cháwi tsá(a)wi (hɾ01), katànèeɾi tʃáwi See Language page
Kabiyari Panthera onca tʃáawi (hr01) tʃáawi (hɾ01) See Language page
Yavitero Panthera onca kuáijli kuáiľ̥i See Language page
Bare Panthera onca kwati kwati See Language page
Mandawaka Panthera onca dáːwi dáːwi See Language page
Paresi Panthera onca txini, xi'ni tʃini, ʃi'ni inheritance See Language page
Baure Panthera onca šowekon ʃowekon unknown See Language page
Waurá Panthera onca leiki (P11) leiki (P11) unknown See Language page
Bora Panthera onca ooʔíípʸe, tʰḯḯpʰáʔyoóï {=dog}; ookó (R95) ooʔíípʲɛ, tʰɯ́ɯ́pʰáʔjoóɯ, ookʰó unique; loan, direction unknown shared Witotoan, Muinane See Language page
Muinane Panthera onca xɨ́kku {=dog}; heko, hoku (R95); uunubajiecu (R95) xɨ́kku {=/dog} See Language page
Apalai Panthera onca kaikuxi, pianoimo kaikuxi, pianoimo inheritance See Language page
Wayana Panthera onca istaino istaino unique See Language page
Tiriyó Panthera onca kaikuci (jaguar/dog) kaikuci (jaguar/dog) inheritance See Language page
Makiritare Panthera onca ma:do/mado (KH) ma:do/mado (KH) unique See Language page
Wai Wai Panthera onca kamarači (cat) kamarači (cat) unique See Language page
Waimiri Atroari Panthera onca temere; var. tymeri temere; var. tɨmeri See Language page
Yukpa Panthera onca esho (SM) esho (SM); éʃo(H&R) See Language page Phon only in source
Kalapalo Panthera onca ekege ekege inheritance See Language page
Muisca Panthera onca comba (tiger) komβa See Language page
Northern Emberá Panthera onca imaamá páima imaːmá páima; imamá(H&R) See Language page
Cuiva Panthera onca néʉthu, ochi (R95) néɨtʰɨ See Language page
Playero Panthera onca newɨtɨ, neguítɨ See Language page
Cofán Panthera onca ttesi; siau tési (R95) thɛsi See Language page phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Candoshi-Shapra Panthera onca tomoozi tomooʂi unique See Language page
Taushiro Panthera onca he´i hɨʔi See Language page
Páez Panthera onca punai punai; tjklji (SP loan, H&R) See Language page
Tikuna Panthera onca yowaruna, áih' (R95) jowaɾuna, áih' loan; unique Tupi-Guarani See Language page
Urarina Panthera onca ʉrerej ʉɽeɽej unique See Language page
Camsa Panthera onca tígre (SP loan) tígre (SP loan) See Language page
Andoke Panthera onca ĩño (also 'dog') ĩɲo (also 'dog') unknown See Language page
Pumé Panthera onca guantió (Lin97) See Language page
Puinave Panthera onca iotnan; yana, yót dan (R95) jot dãn (H&R) unique See Language page
Máku Panthera onca nɨ́ʔmi See Language page
Warao Panthera onca tobe tobe See Language page
Ashuar Panthera onca yawaa, juun yawaa, shia shia (small jaguar) jãwãa:, xu:n jãwã:, ʃĩã ʃĩã See Language page
Huambisa Panthera onca uun yawa (yawa=dog; uun=?) u:n jawa See Language page
Aguaruna Panthera onca puágkat puángkat unique See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect Panthera onca awad, jamatuːh loan; inheritance Tupi-Guarani See Language page
Matses Panthera onca bëdi bɨdi unknown See Language page
Chácobo Panthera onca kama-no (also means "cat") kama-no (also means "cat") unknown See Language page
Yagua Panthera onca nibi ndimbi unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua Panthera onca puma (Spanish loan) puma See Language page
Ingá Panthera onca tígri(SP loan, H&R) See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua Panthera onca puma puma See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano Panthera onca uturunku (loan) utuɾunku See Language page
Piaroa Panthera onca weñapa yavi (R95) yæwi loan Arawak jawi See Language page
Sáliva Panthera onca ũpu ũpu unknown See Language page
Bará Panthera onca 'jai See Language page
Barasano Panthera onca bãkãroka jai; macarocayaí (R95) bãkãroka jai See Language page
Carapana Panthera onca macãnʉcʉ̃ yai, yai mãkãnɨkɨ̃ jai, jai See Language page
Makuna Panthera onca yai (general term) yai (general term), jai doubtful loan into protolanguage, direction unknown Arawak (Chacon reconstructs); cf. TG *jawar See Language page
Yuruti Panthera onca jái jái See Language page
Waikhana Panthera onca jai-ro jai-ro See Language page
Siriano Panthera onca jé See Language page
Tanimuca Panthera onca dya'ia (tigre) ʎa'ia (tigre) doubtful loan into protolanguage, direction unknown Arawak (Chacon reconstructs); cf. TG *jawar See Language page
Tatuyo Panthera onca ja'i ja'i See Language page
Tuyuka Panthera onca jái jái See Language page
Waimaja Panthera onca mãkʰã́nɨkʰɨ, džáí (both 'tigre') mãkʰã́nɨkʰɨ, dʒáí (both 'tigre') See Language page
Koreguaje Panthera onca chai dʒai doubtful loan into protolanguage, direction unknown Arawak (Chacon reconstructs); cf. TG *jawar See Language page
Siona Panthera onca toya yai; ʔaíro yai, hai yai, séw yai (R95) toja jai; ʔaíro jai, hai jai, séw jai (R95) doubtful loan into protolanguage, direction unknown Arawak (Chacon reconstructs); cf. TG *jawar See Language page
Secoya Panthera onca airo yai, toya yai, yai 'jai, 'to'ja 'jai See Language page
Karitiana Panthera onca omãky omãkɨ unknown See Language page
Kokama Panthera onca yahuara jawaɾa inheritance cf. Arawak, Tukanoan See Language page
Wayampi Panthera onca yawa (G89) jawa (G89) inheritance cf. Arawak, Tukanoan See Language page
Sirionó Panthera onca tʃakwa (Mello 2000) tʃakwa (Mello 2000) inheritance cf. Arawak, Tukanoan See Language page
Kamayurá Panthera onca jawat jawat inheritance cf. Arawak, Tukanoan See Language page
Ocaina Panthera onca hõʔxo {same as dog}, čiβaβááña hõʔxo {same as dog}, tʃiβaβááɲa; tʃiβaβááɲa hɯmã́ã́ʔxaxo (H&R92) loan, direction unknown Boran See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto Panthera onca hánaǰari, hḯko {same as cat} hánadʒari, hɯ́ko {same as cat} See Language page
Minica Witoto Panthera onca hánaǰari, hḯko {same as cat} hánadʒari, hɯ́ko {same as cat} See Language page
Murui Witoto Panthera onca hanaǰari, hïko {ocelot} hanadʒari, hɯko {ocelot} loan, direction unknown Boran See Language page
Iquito Panthera onca iquíicu ikíiku unknown See Language page
Záparo Panthera onca imatinya imatinja See Language page
Wari Panthera onca kopakaw? (onça pintada) (Sousa2009) kopakaw? (onça pintada) (Sousa2009) See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo Panthera onca ibiá (Girard 1971) ibiá See Language page
Cavineña Panthera onca iba (G71) iba (G71) See Language page
Central Aymara Panthera onca uturunku (P04) uturunku (P04) See Language page
Kwazá Panthera onca ĩtsɛ̃ ĩtsɛ̃ See Language page
Movima Panthera onca rulrul (J62) rulrul See Language page
Kaingang Panthera onca mĩg mĩg See Language page
Djeoromitxi Panthera onca wa wa See Language page
Kanamarí Panthera onca pidah pidah onça Magalhães 2018:358
Lokono Panthera onca kabadaro kabadaɾo jaguar Pet 1987:361 yes
Kariña Panthera onca paruruja paruruja jaguar Courtz 2010:339 yes