Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

flour/meal from manioc

Semantic Field: food
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: fariña, mañoco (Venezuela); harina
Meaning Portuguese: farinha

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Etymology Notes	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	General Notes	Source

Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Etymology Notes	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	General Notes	Source
Achagua	íinabiʃi	íinabiʃi		unique									agriculture	See Language page
Aguaruna	mama puwahi i'nanh-amu	mama puwahi i'nanh-amu		unique			cf. 'mama', poss. loan Boran?						agriculture	See Language page
Akawaio	proowa (flour; see Wapishana) (E1977)	prowa (E1977)		loan, direction unknown - WW			%porowa	WW	%porowa	Akawaio prowa; Wapishana phuruuma; Sikuani bawa; Hodi hyowã			agriculture	See Language page
Apalai	kajama	kajama		unknown									agriculture	See Language page
Araona		mama											Manioc flour (chivé) is mama.	See Language page
Ashuar	warín	warin											agriculture	See Language page
Ayoreo		u'ru-i											Also means 'dust' 01.213; also rice hull, 05.810. 'Palm nut flour' is nami-'ni; wheat or manioc f. is 'kučaa u'rui; fine corn f. is ti'ki-n̥ai.	See Language page
Baniwa	matsóka	matsóka		loan (into protolg?) - WW		Proto North Arawak	%matsuka			WW, Found Warekena, matsuka; Mandawaka, matʃúka; Puinave, masuká; Nadeb mãʃoːk, Daw ʃuk	Simplex		agriculture	See Language page
Baure	šep	ʃep		unknown									agriculture	See Language page
Bora	ítyacollíjyu (ítyaco 'tapioca')	íxtjákʰotʃííxjɯ		unique									agriculture	See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra	kazinaz vayápori (kazinaz = yuca)	kaʂinaʂ wajápori		unknown									agriculture	See Language page
Carapana	poca	pɔka											agriculture	See Language page
Cavineña	emiwe; kʷawe moro	emiwe; kʷawe moro		unknown									agriculture	See Language page
Cayuvava		bɔre; napo											Refers to yuca (manioc) flour. Also 'raibi'rimapu, yuca flour mixed with water and sugar. Freshly ground cornmeal is irito.	See Language page
Central Aymara		xakˀu											agriculture	See Language page
Cha'palaa		['a'rina]											From Span. 'harina'.	See Language page
Chipaya		xakˀu											Flour that is not ground well is čʰama.	See Language page
Chiriguano		kui; asi; iasi		inheritance; unknown									agriculture	See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		wac̷o-lamak											lamak is 'dust' 01.213.	See Language page
Chácobo	ac̷a moto; ac̷a yɨnɨ	ac̷a moto; ac̷a yɨnɨ		semantic shift			dust'						agriculture	See Language page
Cofán	ppu'ppu sundafo'cho 'harina de maiz'	phɯʔphɯ sɯndaɸoʔtʃo 'harina de maiz'											phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS agriculture	See Language page
Cubeo	jʉtʉra	hɨtɨra		unique								la may mark mass nouns?	agriculture	See Language page
Cuiva		mačúkua (CM72)											agriculture	See Language page
Desano	poga	poga		inheritance/sem shift		Proto-East Tukanoan	from 'powder'				Simplex		agriculture	See Language page
Djeoromitxi	bore to	bore to											agriculture	See Language page
Dâw	suùk	ʃûk		loan - WW			%matsuka	WW	%matsuka	e.g. Baniwa matsóka; compare also Puinave masuko, Macaguan matsúka, Daw ʃuk; maybe Yanomami majoko hĩkɨ, Makiritari ssuku:taka	Simplex		agriculture	See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	tabo ("meal, flour")	tabo ("meal, flour")											agriculture	See Language page
Eñepa	uta-yeñamun	uta-jeñamun		inheritance							Compound	manioc-meal	agriculture	See Language page
Guayabero	benilon	báenal		unique			formed from loan 'flatbread', or from 'dust'?				Other complex	Contains 'manioc' (loan)	agriculture	See Language page
Hodï	ʰyowã			loan - WW			%porowa	WW	%porowa	Akawaio prowa; Wapishana phuruuma; Sikuani bawa			agriculture	See Language page
Hup	kæ̌n, cíh	kæ̌n, cíh		doubtful loan; unknown			North Arawak 'manioc'				Simplex		agriculture	See Language page
Ignaciano		[harina]; ['trigu]pa											From Span. 'harina'; 'trigo'.	See Language page
Iquito	huaríina (From Spanish fariña)	waríina (From Spanish fariña)		loan			Spanish						agriculture	See Language page
Itonama		u-kaʔtʸe											agriculture	See Language page
Kaingang	mẽn-hu, jònhky	[Φarĩɲ]											agriculture	See Language page
Kakua	bêgep	bêgep		doubtful loan			East Tukanoan; see also Resigaro			Also bektʃi (H&R). Compare Ocaina bióóhxa; Resigaro peégi	Simplex		agriculture	See Language page
Kamayurá	kuˀi (Mello)	kuˀi (Mello)		inheritance									agriculture	See Language page
Karajá		iǰərena											ɨ̃nɨde is manioc flour.	See Language page
Katukina		poto											Cf. 'dust' 01.213.	See Language page
Kokama	ui	ui		inheritance									agriculture	See Language page
Koreguaje	jarina (loan from Spanish or Portuguese)	xarina		loan			Spanish						agriculture	See Language page
Kotiria	po'ka	poʔka		inheritance/sem shift		Proto-East Tukanoan	from 'powder'				Simplex		agriculture	See Language page
Kwazá	jononĩ	jononĩ											agriculture	See Language page
Lengua		ho-tahap											agriculture	See Language page
Lokono	meli	meli	flour, bread										flour type not specified	Hickerson 1953:188
Maca		foʔxiʔ											Cf. 'white' 15.640.	See Language page
Macaguan	matsúka	matsúka		loan - WW			%matsuka	WW	%matsuka	Prob. Achagua source; see also Baniwa, matsóka; Warekena, matsuka; Mandawaka, matʃúka; Puinave, masuká; Nadeb ma	Simplex		agriculture	See Language page
Maihiki	ao ise ja	ãõ ı̃se xã		unknown							Compound	manioc-?	agriculture	See Language page
Makiritare	ssuku:taka; yo:'küdü (KH) (means 'his manioc meal or mush'), akai'chadü (KH) (means 'to make manioc flour (mañoco) by rubbing)	ssuku:taka; yo:ʔkɨdɨ (KH), akaiʔtʃadɨ (KH)		inheritance; unknown			North Arawak						agriculture	See Language page
Makuna	naju gatere	naxu gatɛɾɛ		unique									agriculture	See Language page
Makushi	ùʔwí	ùʔwí		loan			Tupi-Guarani?	WW	%uʔwi	Yucuna uʔuwí, Macushi ùʔwí; Nheengatu uĩ: Mello: TG *uʔi			agriculture	See Language page
Mandawaka	matʃúka	matʃúka											agriculture	See Language page
Mapoyo	sere nanapi-ri (manioc flour); nanapi (flour)	sere nanapi-ri (manioc flour); nanapi (flour)											agriculture	See Language page
Mapudungun		rɨŋo											Same form in Ranquel.	See Language page
Matses	machi	matʃi		loan - WW; unknown			%matsuka						agriculture	See Language page
Mocoví		[ʔa'riɲa]											From Span. 'harina'.	See Language page
Movima	[arina]-βas												agriculture	See Language page
Muinane	máchuguiijɨ (cf. machu 'food') (W97)	mátʃuguiixɨ											agriculture	See Language page
Máku	uwí	uwí											agriculture	See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect		mĩʃuːk											agriculture	See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		mãʃoːk, pæ:ʔ		loan - WW; unknown			%matsuka						agriculture	See Language page
Nheengatu	uĩ; (also: karuera, farofa [loan from POR])	uĩ, karuera, farofa (loan from POR)		inheritance	*maniʔok		Mello: *uʔi-			Also ʔui, shared in . Possible donor for Yucuna uʔuwí; Makushi ùʔwí [Alternate: karuera, farofa]	Phrase	mani + oka 'white'	agriculture	See Language page
Ninam	naškohi (generic meal/flour)	naʃkohi (generic meal/flour)	generic meal/flour	unique			from naʃi 'manioc'	WW	%matsuka	Has undergone metathesis. Also Baniwa, matsóka; Warekena, matsuka; Mandawaka, matʃúka; Puinave, masuká; Nadeb ma	Simplex		agriculture	See Language page
Nivaclé		ɬa-mɔʔk											Arribeños dialect is klim-ši.	See Language page
Northern Emberá	poku'ra 'meal, flour' (IDS)	poku'ra 'meal, flour' (IDS)											agriculture	See Language page
Ocaina	bióóhxa	bióóʔxa		unique			from 'manioc'?						agriculture	See Language page
Pacahuara		'moto											agriculture	See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní		ava-timirikuʔi; huʔitĩ											agriculture	See Language page
Paresi	tyoˈlohe	tjoˈlohe		unknown									agriculture	See Language page
Pemon	kïseerekna (E1977)	kɨserɛʔna (E1977)		unique						From 'manioc-meal'? Similar term in Wai Wai, but similarity may be in 'manioc' term.			agriculture	See Language page
Piapoco	machúca	matʃúka											agriculture	See Language page
Piaroa	icá'pheh	isáɁpheh		inheritance?									agriculture	See Language page
Pilagá		[ʔa'liina]											agriculture	See Language page
Puinave	masuká	masuká		loan - WW			%matsuka						agriculture	See Language page
Pumé	pʰonõ 'meal, flour'												agriculture	See Language page
Páez	ũʔwe	ũʔwe											agriculture	See Language page
Qawasqar		tasensḳa											Also means 'bread' 05.510. Also [areyna] from Span. 'harina'.	See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	hak'u, aku machka 'harina' (CP94)	hak'u, aku matʃka 'harina'											agriculture	See Language page
Resígaro	peégi (?also bread)	peégi (?also bread)		semantic shift			manioc food'			Also means starch; similar forms for 'manioc bread' in Tariana, Baniwa	Simplex		agriculture	See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		sipomapankok											agriculture	See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		seppoyoompak											agriculture	See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo		ac̷apoto											agriculture	See Language page
Sikuani	bawa; matsúka (CM72)	bawa; matsúka (CM72)		loan - WW; loan - WW			%porowa; %matsuka	WW	%porowa	Also: matsuka (Arawak loan; Rivet 1948)			agriculture	See Language page
Siriano	poogá	poogá											agriculture	See Language page
Sirionó	nioi kui̯i̯	nioi kui̯i̯		inheritance									agriculture	See Language page
Sáliva	isejõ	isehõ		inheritance?									agriculture	See Language page
Tacana		ehoto; epamo											Respectively: flour from raw corn; flour from toasted corn. The latter also means 'dust'. 'Floury' is mosa-mosa.	See Language page
Tanimuca	ã'ũ bu'rua	ã'ũ bu'rua		doubtful loan - WW			%porowa						agriculture	See Language page
Tariana	kawhi	kawhi		doubtful loan			Tupi-Guarani 'fermented (manioc) drink'				Phrase	kupʰe = fish, na= 3rd plural possessor, -nipe = plural, tuda = “sieve, puçá”: “fish's sieve” (?)	agriculture	See Language page
Taushiro	ahian taha'	ahian tahaʔ											agriculture	See Language page
Tehuelche		'xelmn											agriculture	See Language page
Tikuna	uí (Alv44)	uí		loan - WW			%uʔwi						agriculture	See Language page
Tiriyó	j-uru (manioc food; manioc bread)	j-uru		inheritance									agriculture	See Language page
Toba		l-soč-i											Lit. '3p possessor-soft-(nom)'.	See Language page
Trumai	karima	karima		doubtful loan			Port farinha						agriculture	See Language page
Tukano	po'ká	poʔká		inheritance/sem shift		Proto-East Tukanoan	from 'powder'				Simplex		agriculture	See Language page
Tuyuka	po'ka	poʔka											agriculture	See Language page
Wai Wai	kwašarɨ	kwašarɨ		unique									agriculture	See Language page
Waikhana		poʔ'ka											agriculture	See Language page
Waimaja	kʰĩ́ ᵽokʰá	kʰĩ́ ɸokʰá											agriculture	See Language page
Waimiri Atroari	sanja	saɲa											agriculture	See Language page
Waorani	[adĩda] (Sp harina)		manioc dough	doubtful loan + Semantic shift			North Arawak						agriculture	See Language page
Wapishana	pʰuruuma	pʰuruuma		loan - WW			%porowa	WW	%porowa	Akawaio prowa; Wapishana phuruuma; Sikuani bawa; Hodi hyowã	Simplex		agriculture	See Language page
Wari	hota (manioc), hata (cornmeal) (Sousa2009)	hota (manioc), hata (cornmeal) (Sousa2009)											agriculture	See Language page
Waurá	iki, u'leiki	iki, u'leiki		doubtful loan			Carib						agriculture	See Language page
Wayampi	[kwakɨ] (loan, from French Creole of French Guiana 'couac')	[kwakɨ] (loan, from French Creole of French Guiana 'couac')		loan			French creole						agriculture	See Language page
Wayana	kajama	kajama		unknown									agriculture	See Language page
Wayuu		sawa											agriculture	See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		[ali'na]											From Span. 'harina'.	See Language page
Yabarana		ʝaba'kiçpɜ (masa de yuca)											agriculture	See Language page
Yagua	generic meal: huru	generic meal: huru		loan; unknown			Spanish						agriculture	See Language page
Yaminahua		rɨnɨ; mɨto											agriculture	See Language page
Yanomam	hĩkɨ̃ (IDS)	hĩkɨ̃ (IDS)	manioc flour	inheritance/sem shift?		Proto-Yanomami/Yanomam					Simplex		agriculture	See Language page
Yanomami	mayoko hĩkɨ (MM07)	majoko hĩkɨ (MM07)		loan			Tupi-Guarani 'manioc'	WW	%matsuka	A loanblend. Also Baniwa, matsóka; Warekena, matsuka; Mandawaka, matʃúka; Puinave, masuká; Nadeb ma	Compound	mayoko, “manioc” + hĩkɨ, “flour”	agriculture	See Language page
Yavitero	ľ̥i'weľ̥i	ľ̥i'weľ̥i											agriculture	See Language page
Yuhup	cak pój ['mash toasted']												agriculture	See Language page
Yukuna	u'uwí	uʔuwí		loan - WW			%uʔwi	WW	%uʔwi	Immediate source other?	Simplex		agriculture	See Language page
Yuruti		póka											agriculture	See Language page


Achagua
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Apalai
Araona
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Baure
Bora
Candoshi-Shapra
Carapana
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Cha'palaa
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chácobo
Cofán
Cubeo
Cuiva
Desano
Djeoromitxi
Dâw
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Eñepa
Guayabero
Hodï
Hup
Ignaciano
Iquito
Itonama
Kaingang
Kakua
Kamayurá
Karajá
Katukina
Kokama
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lengua
Lokono
Maca
Macaguan
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Makushi
Mandawaka
Mapoyo
Mapudungun
Matses
Mocoví
Movima
Muinane
Máku
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Nheengatu
Ninam
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Ocaina
Pacahuara
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Qawasqar
Quechua Ayacuchano
Resígaro
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Siriano
Sirionó
Sáliva
Tacana
Tanimuca
Tariana
Taushiro
Tehuelche
Tikuna
Tiriyó
Toba
Trumai
Tukano
Tuyuka
Wai Wai
Waikhana
Waimaja
Waimiri Atroari
Waorani
Wapishana
Wari
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Yabarana
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yavitero
Yuhup
Yukuna
Yuruti

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