Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

cashew

Semantic Field: flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: anarcado, castaña de cajú, nuez de la India, marañon, cajú, merey (Venezuela)
Meaning Portuguese: caju

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Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Hypernym	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	Medicinal Notes	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Psychotropic Notes	Traded	Trade Notes	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous	Ethnobiology Notes	Species Notes	General Notes

Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Source	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Food Source	Medicinal	How Collected	Who Collects	Psychotropic	Traded	Distribution	Dangerous	General Notes
Aguaruna	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	káshu	káʃu		loan		Spanish (Port/Tupi)								See Language page								secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens		tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Akawaio	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	eeroi	erɔɪ		inheritance - WW	Northern Carib?	%eroi								See Language page	0	1	0			0	0	secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens	no	tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Akawaio	Anacardium giganteum	eeroi	erɔɪ		inheritance	Northern Carib?									See Language page	0	1	0			0	0	Brazil, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, Guyana	no
Apalai	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	oroxi	oroxi		inheritance - WW		%eroi								See Language page								secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens		tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Baniwa	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	akáyo	akájo		loan		Tupi-Guarani					missing			See Language page	0	1	0			0	0	secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens	no	tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Baniwa	Anacardium giganteum	akájo	akájo		loan		Nheengatu	Nheengatu akaju	WW	%akaju		uncoded			See Language page	0	1	0			0	0	Brazil, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, Guyana	no
Bora	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	áñaájɨ	áɲaáhɨ		loan, direction unknown		shared Ocaina, Resigaro, Bora								See Language page								secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens		tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Carapana	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	jõna	xɔ̃nã												See Language page								secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens		tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Carijona	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	oródʒi (M2000)	oródʒi (M2000)		inheritance - WW		%eroi								See Language page	0	1	0			0	0	secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens	no	tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Desano	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	gõrẽ	gõrẽ		inheritance?	East Tukanoan						uncoded			See Language page	0	1	0			0	0	secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens	no	tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Djeoromitxi	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	djeopäre	dʒeopǝre												See Language page								secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens		tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Dâw	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	wasap	waʃap		unique							underived			See Language page	0	1	0			0	0	secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens	no	tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Hodï	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	uli eloi ʰyaɨ (Zent 02a)			loan - WW		%eroi					missing			See Language page	0	1	0			0	0	secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens	no	tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Huambisa	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	maranu (loan)	maranu												See Language page								secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens		tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Hup	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	yãhám	jãhám		unique	Hup-Yuhup						underived			See Language page	0	1	0	gathered	men, women	0	0	secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens	no	tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Hup	Anacardium giganteum	jãhám	jãhám		unique	Hup-Yuhup						underived			See Language page	0	1	0	gathered	men, women	0	0	Brazil, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, Guyana	no
Iquito	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	miíti	miíti		unknown										See Language page								secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens		tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Kabiyari	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	íinu	íinu												See Language page								secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens		tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Kanamarí	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	piyoruhki	pijorɯhki	cajú											Magalhães 2018:355
Kariña	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	oroi	oroi	cashew											Courtz 2007:331								secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens	no
Kariña	Anacardium giganteum	akajùu	akajuɁu	tree sp.											Courtz 2007:217								Brazil, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, Guyana	no
Karitiana	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	iriwohy	iɾiwohɨ		unknown										See Language page								secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens		tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Kwazá	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	urumãinwỹtõi	urumãinwỹtõi												See Language page								secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens		tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Lokono	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	merehi	merehi	cashew tree											Fanshawe 1949:69								secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens	no
Lokono	Anacardium giganteum	ubudi	ubudi	wild cashew tree											Fanshawe 1949:72								Brazil, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, Guyana	no
Makuna	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	sõna	sõna		inheritance										See Language page								secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens		tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Makushi	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	yoroiʔ (SM)	yoroiʔ (SM)		inheritance - WW	Northern Carib?	%eroi				Broader (wild and domesticate)				See Language page	0	1	0			0	0	secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens	no	tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Makushi	Anacardium giganteum	yoroiʔ	yoroiʔ		inheritance	Northern Carib?									See Language page	0	1	0			0	0	Brazil, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, Guyana	no
Mapoyo	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	kororoi	kororoi												See Language page								secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens		tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Matses	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	uesnid dëbiate, cashu	uesnid dɨbiate, kaʃu		unknown; loan		Spanish (Port/Tupi)								See Language page								secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens		tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Nadëb/Roçado dialect	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum		akaːj		loan - WW		Nheengatu								See Language page								secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens		tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Napo Lowland Quichua	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	cutuhuapu	kutuwapu												See Language page								secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens		tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Nheengatu	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	akayu	akaju		inheritance	Proto-Tupi-Guarani		Reconstructed PTG Mello 2000				underived			See Language page	0	1	0			0	0	secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens	no	tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Ninam	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	tree: ~oro$ihi (gom)	tree: ~oroʃihi (gom)		loan - WW		%eroi, Carib	WaiWai orosɨ; see other Carib eroi forms	WW	%eroi		uncoded			See Language page	0	1	0			0	0	secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens	no	tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Northern Emberá	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	marañṍ (Sp. loan)	marañṍ (Sp. loan)												See Language page								secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens		tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Ocaina	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	añááro {tree}	aɲááro {tree}		loan, direction unknown		shared Ocaina, Resigaro, Bora								See Language page								secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens		tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Paresi	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	moˈlazo	muˈlaðu		unknown										See Language page								secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens		tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Pemon	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	eeroi (E1980)	erɔɪ (E1980)		inheritance - WW	Northern Carib?	%eroi				Broader (wild and domesticate)				See Language page	0	1	0			0	0	secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens	no	tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Pemon	Anacardium giganteum	eeroi	erɔɪ		inheritance	Northern Carib?		Likely loan into Hodï			Broader (wild and domesticate)	uncoded			See Language page	0	1	0			0	0	Brazil, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, Guyana	no
Piapoco	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	úuluí	ú:luí												See Language page								secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens		tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Resígaro	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	áñaahí?é	áɲaahíʔé		loan		Bora áɲaáhɨ					missing			See Language page	0	1	0			0	0	secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens	no	tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Resígaro	Anacardium giganteum	áɲaahíʔé	áɲaahíʔé		unique							uncoded			See Language page	0	1	0			0	0	Brazil, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, Guyana	no
Sikuani	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	furinae (21), xuruinae (21), kowaraxurui (14)			loan - WW		%eroi, Carib, via Piapoco	also xuruinae (21), kowaraxurui (14)				uncoded			See Language page	0	1	0			0	0	secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens	no	tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Siriano	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	sõrã́	sõɾã́												See Language page								secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens		tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Tariana	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	hídu	hídu		inheritance							missing			See Language page	0	1	0			0	0	secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens	no	tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Tariana	Anacardium giganteum	hídu	hídu		inheritance	Central North Arawak, Rio Negro branch						uncoded			See Language page	0	1	0			0	0	Brazil, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, Guyana	no
Tikuna	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	có-ê, engaoé (Alv44)	coʔɨ, eŋgawé		unique										See Language page								secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens		tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Tiriyó	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	oroci	oroci		inheritance - WW		%eroi								See Language page								secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens		tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Tukano	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	sõrâ	sõrâ		inheritance	East Tukanoan						uncoded			See Language page	0	1	0			0	0	secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens	no	tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Tuyuka	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	sũna	sũna												See Language page								secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens		tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Urarina	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	kaaʃukʉɾʉ	ka:ʃukʉɽʉ		loan		Spanish (Port/Tupi)								See Language page								secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens		tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Wai Wai	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	orosɨ (SM)	orosɨ (SM)		inheritance - WW		%eroi								See Language page								secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens		tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Waimiri Atroari	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	hiri (M1992)	hiri (M1992)												See Language page								secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens		tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Wari	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	wino (Sousa2009)	wino (Sousa2009)												See Language page								secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens		tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Wayampi	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	akayu (G89)	akaju (G89)		inheritance										See Language page								secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens		tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Wayana	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	oloi	oloi		inheritance - WW		%eroi								See Language page								secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens		tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Yagua	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	muyo	mujo		unknown										See Language page								secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens		tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Yanomam	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	oru xihi (WM99)	oɾu ʃihi		loan - WW		%eroi, Carib					missing			See Language page	0	1	0			0	0	secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens	no	tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Yanomam	Anacardium giganteum	oɾu ʃihi	oɾu ʃihi		loan		Carib	WaiWai orosɨ; see other Carib eroi forms	WW	%eroi		uncoded			See Language page	0	1	0			0	0	Brazil, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, Guyana	no
Yanomami	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	wito hi	wito hi		unknown		cf. Wari'	hi = CLF "tree"				underived	N+CLF	hi = CLF "tree" (Ramirez 94)	See Language page	0	1	0			0	0	secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens	no	tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Yanomami	Anacardium giganteum	witowito hi	witowito hi		unique			hi = CLF "tree"				reduplicated	N-N+CLF	hi = CLF "tree" (Ramirez 94)	See Language page	0	1	0			0	0	Brazil, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, Guyana	no
Yuhup	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	jãhã̌b	jãhã̌b		unique	Hup-Yuhup						underived			See Language page	0	1	0			0	0	secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens	no	tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Yukuna	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	jilu	hilu		inheritance	Central North Arawak, Rio Negro branch						uncoded			See Language page	0	1	0			0	0	secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens	no	tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Yukuna	Anacardium giganteum	(árbol silvestre y cultivado)	akaʔaɾú		doubtful loan		Nheengatu?	Nheengatu akaju; see also Baniwa	WW	%akaju		uncoded			See Language page	0	1	0			0	0	Brazil, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, Guyana	no


Aguaruna
Akawaio
Akawaio
Apalai
Baniwa
Baniwa
Bora
Carapana
Carijona
Desano
Djeoromitxi
Dâw
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Hup
Iquito
Kabiyari
Kanamarí
Kariña
Kariña
Karitiana
Kwazá
Lokono
Lokono
Makuna
Makushi
Makushi
Mapoyo
Matses
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Nheengatu
Ninam
Northern Emberá
Ocaina
Paresi
Pemon
Pemon
Piapoco
Resígaro
Resígaro
Sikuani
Siriano
Tariana
Tariana
Tikuna
Tiriyó
Tukano
Tuyuka
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waimiri Atroari
Wari
Wayampi
Wayana
Yagua
Yanomam
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yanomami
Yuhup
Yukuna
Yukuna

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