Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

cashew

Semantic Field
flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
anarcado, castaña de cajú, nuez de la India, marañon, cajú, merey (Venezuela)
Meaning Portuguese
caju

Languages

Language Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes
Akawaio Anacardium occidentale / giganteum eeroi erɔɪ inheritance - WW Northern Carib? %eroi See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens no tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Akawaio Anacardium giganteum eeroi erɔɪ inheritance Northern Carib? See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Brazil, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, Guyana no
Baniwa Anacardium occidentale / giganteum akáyo akájo loan Tupi-Guarani missing See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens no tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Baniwa Anacardium giganteum akájo akájo loan Nheengatu Nheengatu akaju WW %akaju uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Brazil, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, Guyana no
Carijona Anacardium occidentale / giganteum oródʒi (M2000) oródʒi (M2000) inheritance - WW %eroi See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens no tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Dâw Anacardium occidentale / giganteum  wasap  waʃap unique underived See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens no tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Desano Anacardium occidentale / giganteum gõrẽ gõrẽ inheritance? East Tukanoan uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens no tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Hodï Anacardium occidentale / giganteum uli eloi ʰyaɨ (Zent 02a) loan - WW %eroi missing See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens no tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Hup Anacardium occidentale / giganteum yãhám jãhám unique Hup-Yuhup underived See Language page 0 1 0 gathered men, women 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens no tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Hup Anacardium giganteum jãhám jãhám unique Hup-Yuhup underived See Language page 0 1 0 gathered men, women 0 0 Brazil, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, Guyana no
Makushi Anacardium occidentale / giganteum yoroiʔ (SM) yoroiʔ (SM) inheritance - WW Northern Carib? %eroi Broader (wild and domesticate) See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens no tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Makushi Anacardium giganteum yoroiʔ yoroiʔ inheritance Northern Carib? See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Brazil, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, Guyana no
Nheengatu Anacardium occidentale / giganteum akayu akaju inheritance Proto-Tupi-Guarani Reconstructed PTG Mello 2000 underived See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens no tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Ninam Anacardium occidentale / giganteum tree: ~oro$ihi (gom) tree: ~oroʃihi (gom) loan - WW %eroi, Carib WaiWai orosɨ; see other Carib eroi forms WW %eroi uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens no tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Pemon Anacardium occidentale / giganteum eeroi (E1980) erɔɪ (E1980) inheritance - WW Northern Carib? %eroi Broader (wild and domesticate) See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens no tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Pemon Anacardium giganteum eeroi erɔɪ inheritance Northern Carib? Likely loan into Hodï Broader (wild and domesticate) uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Brazil, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, Guyana no
Resígaro Anacardium occidentale / giganteum áñaahí?é áɲaahíʔé loan Bora áɲaáhɨ missing See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens no tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Resígaro Anacardium giganteum áɲaahíʔé áɲaahíʔé unique uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Brazil, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, Guyana no
Sikuani Anacardium occidentale / giganteum furinae (21), xuruinae (21), kowaraxurui (14) loan - WW %eroi, Carib, via Piapoco also xuruinae (21), kowaraxurui (14) uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens no tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Tariana Anacardium occidentale / giganteum hídu hídu inheritance missing See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens no tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Tariana Anacardium giganteum hídu hídu inheritance Central North Arawak, Rio Negro branch uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Brazil, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, Guyana no
Tukano Anacardium occidentale / giganteum sõrâ sõrâ inheritance East Tukanoan uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens no tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Yanomam Anacardium occidentale / giganteum oru xihi (WM99) oɾu ʃihi loan - WW %eroi, Carib missing See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens no tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Yanomam Anacardium giganteum oɾu ʃihi oɾu ʃihi loan Carib WaiWai orosɨ; see other Carib eroi forms WW %eroi uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Brazil, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, Guyana no
Yanomami Anacardium occidentale / giganteum wito hi wito hi unknown cf. Wari' hi = CLF "tree" underived N+CLF hi = CLF "tree" (Ramirez 94) See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens no tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Yanomami Anacardium giganteum witowito hi witowito hi unique hi = CLF "tree" reduplicated N-N+CLF hi = CLF "tree" (Ramirez 94) See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Brazil, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, Guyana no
Yukuna Anacardium occidentale / giganteum jilu hilu inheritance Central North Arawak, Rio Negro branch uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens no tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Yukuna Anacardium giganteum (árbol silvestre y cultivado) akaʔaɾú doubtful loan Nheengatu? Nheengatu akaju; see also Baniwa WW %akaju uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 Brazil, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, Guyana no
Yuhup Anacardium occidentale / giganteum jãhã̌b jãhã̌b unique Hup-Yuhup underived See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens no tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Piapoco Anacardium occidentale / giganteum úuluí ú:luí See Language page secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Kabiyari Anacardium occidentale / giganteum íinu íinu See Language page secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Paresi Anacardium occidentale / giganteum moˈlazo muˈlaðu unknown See Language page secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Bora Anacardium occidentale / giganteum áñaájɨ áɲaáhɨ loan, direction unknown shared Ocaina, Resigaro, Bora See Language page secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Apalai Anacardium occidentale / giganteum oroxi oroxi inheritance - WW %eroi See Language page secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Wayana Anacardium occidentale / giganteum oloi oloi inheritance - WW %eroi See Language page secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Tiriyó Anacardium occidentale / giganteum oroci oroci inheritance - WW %eroi See Language page secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Mapoyo Anacardium occidentale / giganteum kororoi kororoi See Language page secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Wai Wai Anacardium occidentale / giganteum orosɨ (SM) orosɨ (SM) inheritance - WW %eroi See Language page secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Waimiri Atroari Anacardium occidentale / giganteum hiri (M1992) hiri (M1992) See Language page secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Northern Emberá Anacardium occidentale / giganteum marañṍ (Sp. loan) marañṍ (Sp. loan) See Language page secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Tikuna Anacardium occidentale / giganteum có-ê, engaoé (Alv44) coʔɨ, eŋgawé unique See Language page secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Urarina Anacardium occidentale / giganteum kaaʃukʉɾʉ ka:ʃukʉɽʉ loan Spanish (Port/Tupi) See Language page secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Huambisa Anacardium occidentale / giganteum maranu (loan) maranu See Language page secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Aguaruna Anacardium occidentale / giganteum káshu káʃu loan Spanish (Port/Tupi) See Language page secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Nadëb/Roçado dialect Anacardium occidentale / giganteum akaːj loan - WW Nheengatu See Language page secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Matses Anacardium occidentale / giganteum uesnid dëbiate, cashu uesnid dɨbiate, kaʃu unknown; loan Spanish (Port/Tupi) See Language page secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Yagua Anacardium occidentale / giganteum muyo mujo unknown See Language page secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Napo Lowland Quichua Anacardium occidentale / giganteum cutuhuapu kutuwapu See Language page secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Carapana Anacardium occidentale / giganteum jõna xɔ̃nã See Language page secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Makuna Anacardium occidentale / giganteum sõna sõna inheritance See Language page secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Siriano Anacardium occidentale / giganteum sõrã́ sõɾã́ See Language page secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Tuyuka Anacardium occidentale / giganteum sũna sũna See Language page secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Karitiana Anacardium occidentale / giganteum iriwohy iɾiwohɨ unknown See Language page secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Wayampi Anacardium occidentale / giganteum akayu (G89) akaju (G89) inheritance See Language page secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Ocaina Anacardium occidentale / giganteum añááro {tree} aɲááro {tree} loan, direction unknown shared Ocaina, Resigaro, Bora See Language page secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Iquito Anacardium occidentale / giganteum miíti miíti unknown See Language page secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Wari Anacardium occidentale / giganteum wino (Sousa2009) wino (Sousa2009) See Language page secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Kwazá Anacardium occidentale / giganteum urumãinwỹtõi urumãinwỹtõi See Language page secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Djeoromitxi Anacardium occidentale / giganteum djeopäre dʒeopǝre See Language page secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
Kanamarí Anacardium occidentale / giganteum piyoruhki pijorɯhki cajú Magalhães 2018:355
Lokono Anacardium occidentale / giganteum merehi merehi cashew tree Fanshawe 1949:69 secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens no
Lokono Anacardium giganteum ubudi ubudi wild cashew tree Fanshawe 1949:72 Brazil, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, Guyana no
Kariña Anacardium occidentale / giganteum oroi oroi cashew Courtz 2007:331 secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens no
Kariña Anacardium giganteum akajùu akajuɁu tree sp. Courtz 2007:217 Brazil, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, Guyana no