Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

bark

Semantic Field
environment
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
corteza
Meaning Portuguese
casca

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Baniwa -ya -ja inheritance See Language page
Achagua íimanaʃi íimanaʃi inheritance See Language page
Yukuna ímaji ímahi inheritance See Language page
Resígaro da?mí daʔmí unknown See Language page
Yavitero kamújlita kamúľ̥ita See Language page
Wapishana atʰamɨnɨ mada atʰamɨnɨ mada inheritance See Language page
Wayuu hɨ-ta Also means 'skin' 04.120. See Language page
Yine mta; pata Former also means 'skin' 04.120. *Piro-Apuriná form is *'mata. See Language page
Paresi tyama (of tree) tyama (of tree) inheritance See Language page
Ignaciano 'taumama; 'taumama-ki See Language page
Trinitario 'točohi See Language page
Baure ečopi etʃopi inheritance See Language page
Waurá ažata; ata-mai ažata; ata-mai inheritance See Language page
Arutani kõhã (also used for skin) kõhã (also used for skin) See Language page
Sape kui, kuy (also used for skin) kui, kuy (also used for skin) See Language page
Cha'palaa 'či-'kika Lit. 'tree-skin' 04.120. See Language page
Bora ḯméʔé ʔačḯe-mɨ́ɨ́ʔo ɯ́mέʔέ ʔatʃɯ́ɛ-mɨ́ɨ́ʔo inheritance See Language page
Muinane (kuu)-mééʔu (kuu)-mέέʔu See Language page
Akawaio yöi biikpö yöɪ biʔpö inheritance See Language page
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect piʔpɤ piʔpɤ See Language page
Apalai pihpyry pihpɨrɨ inheritance See Language page
Wayana pitpë pitpǝ inheritance See Language page
Carijona hitihə (SM) inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó pihpë pihpǝ inheritance See Language page
Eñepa iye pi-hpə ije pi-hpə inheritance See Language page
Makushi yéi-piipɨ yéi-piipɨ inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo yëhE pi'bë (lit. skin of the tree) yɛhə pi'bɛ (lit. skin of the tree) See Language page
Pemon yeei piikpö (E1980); ipi'pö (M2000) ʎeɪ piʔpö (E1980) inheritance See Language page
Wai Wai weewe Φičho weewe Φičho inheritance See Language page
Yabarana pihpə, pihpeh See Language page
Yukpa okóchare wepʂo See Language page
Kalapalo ipufi ipufi inheritance See Language page
Muisca huca huka See Language page
Barí aɨgšuu Colombia: ʔəgšurə; cf. 'skin' 04.120. *Chibchan form is *huka. See Language page
Epena pa'kʰuru e Lit. 'tree skin'. See Language page
Guayabero pa-bók-t, ne-bók-t inheritance See Language page
Macaguan bokát bokát inheritance See Language page
Sikuani boko (2) bóko inheritance See Language page
Cofán ttono thono phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra korótanázi koɾótanáʂĩ unique See Language page
Taushiro ye´chi jɨʔʃi See Language page
Páez cati kati See Language page
Tikuna nãitʃamɨ unique See Language page
Andoke kǝ(ü)ktanekǝ(üh) (RW52) unique See Language page
Waorani õtapo unique See Language page
Hodï toto unique See Language page
Pumé tó í See Language page
Puinave pun-pik; pun-ta pun-pik; pun-ta unique See Language page
Máku či:mu tʃi:mu See Language page
Ashuar sáap sa:p See Language page
Huambisa saepe saɨpɨ See Language page
Aguaruna saepé saɨpɨ inheritance See Language page
Nukak tɨ4naʔ4 nɨi3 unique See Language page
Kakua ʧûw unique See Language page
Hup b'ɔk b'ɔk inheritance See Language page
Yuhup b'ɔk b'ɔk See Language page
Dâw bʉk bɨk inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect bɔ̱g inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect bɔ̱g See Language page
Matses bitsi bitsi inheritance See Language page
Kakataibo ṣ̌a'ka *Panoan *ṣ̌akata, with related meanings 'skin, husk, empty'. See Language page
Katukina hiwi šaka Lit. 'tree covering'. Cf. 'shell' 03.655; 'fur' 06.280. See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo βiči; ṣ̌aka See Language page
Yaminahua iβi βiči Lit. 'tree skin'. See Language page
Chácobo ṣ̌a'kata; βiči (the latter also means "skin" or "hide") ṣ̌a'kata; βiči (the latter also means "skin" or "hide") inheritance See Language page
Yagua {-jay} xaj unique See Language page
Ingá ispingu, kara See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua cara kaɾa See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano qara qaɾa See Language page
Piaroa dau ijeta dau ĩhẽtã inheritance? See Language page
Sáliva ĩxe ĩxe inheritance? See Language page
Bará ju'kɨ́ kahero See Language page
Barasano jukɨ-gase jukɨ-gase See Language page
Cubeo jocʉcuri hokɨkuli inheritance See Language page
Carapana yukʉ asero jukɨ asɛɾɔ See Language page
Desano gasiro gasiro inheritance See Language page
Kotiria pari cahsaro (Waltz) paɾi kahsaɾo (Waltz) inheritance See Language page
Makuna ~rahua ~rahua unique See Language page
Yuruti ju'kɨ́-kasero ju'kɨ́-kasero See Language page
Waikhana ju'kɨ kaʔ'se-ro ju'kɨ kaʔ'se-ro See Language page
Tanimuca dya'pu a'hea ʎa'pu a'hea unknown See Language page
Tatuyo jú'kɨ́ a'héri jú'kɨ́ a'héri See Language page
Tukano caséro kaséro inheritance See Language page
Tuyuka kase-'ro kase-ʔro See Language page
Waimaja yúkʰɨ́ kʰahɛřò júkʰɨ́ kʰahɛrò See Language page
Koreguaje ko'ña khoʔɲa inheritance See Language page
Siona kˀaʔni kˀaʔni inheritance See Language page
Secoya soquë ca'ni ʔ'sõ'kɨ' kãʔ'ni See Language page
Karitiana pykyp pɨkɨp unknown See Language page
Nheengatu pirera pirera inheritance See Language page
Kokama piruara (also skin) piɾuaɾa (algo skin) inheritance See Language page
Wayampi wɨla-pilɛ Lit. 'tree-skin' 04.120. inheritance See Language page
Aché duwi unique See Language page
Chiriguano ɨ'wɨra 'pire inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní ape; pire See 'skin' 04.120; 'flay' 09.290; 'fish scale' 03.653. See Language page
Sirionó eeke; ehe; eya eeke; ehe; eya unknown; inheritance See Language page
Ocaina dyacán, xonúúhca dʲakã́, xon̵ɯ́ɯ́ʔka inheritance See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto igóraï igóraɯ See Language page
Minica Witoto igóraï igóraɯ See Language page
Murui Witoto igora.ï igora.ɯ inheritance See Language page
Ninam pili si, tihisi (EM72) pili si, tihisi inheritance; inheritance See Language page
Yanomam fisi fisi inheritance See Language page
Yanomami pei sisi, hisi (EM72) pei sisi, hisi (EM72) inheritance; inheritance See Language page
Sanumá hɨɨsɨ (EM72) hɨɨsɨ inheritance See Language page
Iquito ís+qu+ (also means skin, shell of an animal or fruit) ísɨkɨ (also means skin, shell of an animal or fruit) unknown See Language page
Záparo nakuna ichawk+ nakuna iʧawkɨ See Language page
Wari tapari Also means 'skin' 04.120. See Language page
Araona akʷi-biki bewe; ehi Lit. 'tree-skin' 04.120. Also ho-bewe, aromatic b.; misa, twisted b. to use as rope. See Language page
Ese Ejja e'he unknown See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo e-hee e-hee See Language page
Tacana aki biti Lit. 'tree skin'. See Language page
Cavineña e-biti (Also means "skin") e-biti inheritance/Panoan See Language page
Central Aymara laymi, layma lajmi, lajma See Language page
Cayuvava iše ~ iš- ~ ihe- Also means 'skin, rind, peel'. Bark from the bibosa tree, moro, is used to make a man's bark dress. See Language page
Itonama kanadapa; časdapa; wasača See Language page
Kwazá wo-, -siki, -ka wo-, -siki, -ka See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané 'šoʔpaʔ ~ šu'páʔ Also means 'skin' 04.120; 'leather' 06.290. See Language page
Movima to-ɓen̉-kʷa to-ɓen̉-kʷa See Language page
Trumai deifta deifta unique See Language page
Kaingang fàr #NAME? See Language page
Canela ii-kʰə *Jê form is *kə. Also means 'skin' 04.120. See Language page
Suyá ŋɔ ŋɔ See Language page
Djeoromitxi kä kǝ See Language page
Chipaya čʰax̣pi See Language page
Mocoví le-so See Language page
Pilagá 'l-oʔok Same as 'skin/covering' 04.120. See Language page
Toba l-so See Language page
Lengua yamit impehik Lit. 'tree skin' 08.600, 04.120. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité yamit ayimpihik Lit. 'tree skin' 01.420, 04.120. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet ayempehek (yaamet) See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay #NAME? Also means 'skin' 04.120; 'fur' 06.280; 'leather' 06.290. See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja takataxay (f.) Cf. 'skin' 04.120. See Language page
Nivaclé -ɔxeče bark https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo poor-a'ooi Lit. 'tree-skin (covering)' 04.120. See Language page
Mapudungun ṭ͡ʀolɨf See Language page
Qawasqar ḳʰar-ḳawes Lit. 'tree-skin' 04.120. Gui records kowas; Bo records taras for Central QWS, cf. 'paper' 18.560. SpS records penar for South QWS. See Language page
Selknam šèu-tˀ Also means 'torch' 07.450. See Language page
Tehuelche 'pˀat Also means 'skin, hide' 04.120. See Language page
Lokono eda eda skin, bark DeGoeje 1928:128
Kariña pi pi skin, peel, bark Courtz 2007:344