Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

flat bread, cassava bread

Semantic Field: food
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: pan de yuca, casabe/cazabe
Meaning Portuguese: beiju

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Etymology Notes	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	General Notes	Source

Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Word Structure	General Notes	Source
Achagua	béeri, júula	béeri, júula		inheritance; doubtful loan (into protolg), direction unknown			Carib			usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Aguaruna	tata	tata		loan			Quechua tanda			usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Akawaio	eegii (dried), aguuzee (soft), eegiigaraudanɨsak (toasted)	egi, aguze, egigaraʊdanɨsak	soft flatbread	inheritance		Pemongan subgroup		Alternate: aguze (dried)		usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Andoke	pʌ'te; döa (RW52)	pʌʔte		unique						usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Apalai	wyi	wɨi		semantic shift			cf. 'manioc'			usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Ashuar	tánta (Quechua), pang (Sp)	tánta (Quechua), pang (Sp)								usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Baniwa	peéthe, -ooléthe	peéthe, -ooɺéthe		inheritance; doubtful loan (into protolg), direction unknown		Proto Rio Negro	Carib	Alternate: -ooɺéthe	Simplex	usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Bora	mááhoó; maʔmá-ɯ (Seifart11)	mááʔoó; maʔmá-ɯ (Seifart11)		inheritance? - loan into JIvaroan?						usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra	tada, paga 'pan'	tada, paka 'pan'		loan; unknown			Quechua			usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Carapana	naorõ, naurõ (tortoa de mandioca)	nãoɾɔ̃, nãuɾɔ̃								usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Carijona	y-uru 'food'; M2000			doubtful loan (into protolg), direction unknown			Arawak			usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Cavineña	kʷawe ("tapioca, manioc, cassava")	kʷawe		unknown						usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Central Aymara	t'ant'a ('bread', P04)	t'ant'a (P04)								usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Chácobo	mapari	mapari		unknown						usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Cofán	casave	kasaβɛ [loan]								phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Cubeo	ãuro	ãuro		inheritance		Proto-Tukanoan			Simplex	usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Desano	ãrũñe	ãrũñe		inheritance		Proto-Tukanoan			Simplex	usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Dâw	baá’	bǎʔ		doubtful loan		Proto-DYH	Tukano 'eat'	Possibly a loan from Tukanoan 'eat' baʔa	Simplex	usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Eñepa	#NAME?	#NAME?	bread	doubtful loan (into protolg), direction unknown; loan			Arawak; Spanish			usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Guayabero	ben (Waller); mayne (Rivet 1918)			doubtful loan (into protolanguage?)			North Arawak; but cf. 'dust' and 'meal'	Could be loan into protolanguage. Also: man 'corn bread' (Keels 1985), mayne 'bread/manioc' (Rivet 1918)	Simplex	usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Huambisa	pang (Sp.)	paŋg								usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Hup	b'ǎʔ, pǎn'	b'ǎʔ, pǎn'		doubtful loan; inheritance		Proto-DYH	Tukano 'eat'	Possibly a loan from Tukanoan 'eat' baʔa	Simplex	usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Kabiyari	kúnhu	kúnhu								usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Kaingang	yamĩ; ɛ̃mĩ; pũ 'bread' (IDS)	yamĩ; ɛ̃mĩ; pũ 'bread' (IDS)								usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Kakua	ʧɨ̌jʔ	ʧɨ̌jʔ		unknown					Simplex	usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Kalapalo	kine	kine		inheritance?						usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Kamayurá	mejũ	mejũ		inheritance						usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Kariña	paja	paja	cassava bread; white cassava drink				Courtz 2007:334
Kokama	meu	meu		inheritance						usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Koreguaje	ãu	ãu		inheritance						usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Kotiria	~dahó	nahó		inheritance		Proto-Tukanoan			Simplex	usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Kwazá	atxitxiri (generic bread)	atxitxiri (generic bread)								usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Lokono	kereli	kereli	fresh cassava bread								DeGoeje 1928:205
Macaguan	pérjía	pérhía		loan (into protolanguage?)			Achagua	Compare also Arawak Tariana, peːthé; Baniwa, peéthe; Shared Guayabero, Sikuani	Simplex	usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Makuna	bedero, naju, ʉ̃jʉri	bɛdɛlo, naxu, ɨ̃xɨli		unique; inheritance						usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Makushi	ikkéí	ikkéí		inheritance		Pemongan subgroup				usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Mapoyo	sere; pati (generic flatbread); tata'pï (generic bread)	sere; pati (generic flatbread); tata'pʊ (generic bread)								usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Matses	[none]	[none]		missing						usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Muinane	máahu, áigúúcúhɨ́ca (casabe caliente o fresco), ítaɨca (casabe de almidón), túucɨ máahu (casabe preparado de la yuca podrida), súcúga (casabe tostada)	máaʔu, áigúúcúʔɨ́ca (casabe caliente o fresco), ítaɨca (casabe de almidón), túucɨ máahu (casabe preparado de la yuca podrida), súcúga (casabe tostada)"								usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Muisca	iefun (bread of indians)	iepun								usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Murui Witoto	aìrɨjɨ, aìrɨda	aìrɯhɯ, aìrɯda (B83)		unique						usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Máku	rači									usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		madao, kanapiːh		unknown; loan			Arawak kana 'manioc'			usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	tanda 'bread'	tanda 'bread'								usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Nheengatu	meyu (beiju in general); kurada (beiju made from tapioca)	meju (beiju in general); kurada (beiju made from tapioca)		inheritance	*meju			possible donor to Portuguese beiju; Resígaɾo maaʔmú; Waimiri Atroari meie; Guayabero meyne	Simplex	usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Ninam	našihi (EM72)	naʃihi		semantic shift?		Proto Ninam/Yanomami/Yanomam	from 'manioc'	Alternate: paktʰa	Simplex	usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Northern Emberá	ɓe'ka (from corn, plantains, rice; IDS)	ɓe'ka (from corn, plantains, rice; IDS)								usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Ocaina	juuxá, nucóó	hɯɯxá, nukóó		unique; unique						usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Paresi	zomokwa	θomokwa		unknown						usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Pemon	eekeei (dried), akuusee (soft), eekeeikarautanösak (toasted) (E1980)	ekeɪ, akuse, ekeɪkaraʊtanösak (E1980)	flat bread (soft)	inheritance		Pemongan subgroup		Alternate:akuse, ekeɪkaraʊtanösak		usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Piapoco	macàdu; ú(u)ɺe (R01)	makàdu; ú(u)ɺe (R01)								usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Piaroa	ɨ'rɨ'cɨh	ɨɁrɨɁsɨh		unknown						usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Puinave	ʔãn	ʔãn		unknown						usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Pumé	tambai 'manioc flatbread' (Lin97); čãpe 'bread, cake, etc.'									usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	t'anta (CP94)	t'anta								usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Resígaro	maa?mú; peé-gí (R01)	maaʔmú; peé-gí (R01)	cassava (not necessarily bread)	loan; inheritance/sem shift			Bora		Simplex	usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Sanumá	ĩšaai (EM72)	ĩʃa:i		unique			manioc' forms not missing initial /n/			usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Secoya	ao	ãɔ								usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Sikuani	peri	peri		loan (into protolanguage?)			North Arawak	Could be loan into protolanguage. Shared Guayabero, Macaguan		usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Siona	aonga	aonga		inheritance						usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Sirionó	manio	manio		semantic shift			from 'manioc'			usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Sáliva	pehe	peʔe		loan			N. Arawak			usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Tanimuca	ã'ũã	ã'ũã		inheritance						usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Tariana	peːthé, paithé	peːtʰé, paitʰé		inheritance		Proto Central North Arawak			Simplex	usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Tukano	ãhû	ãhû		inheritance		Proto-Tukanoan			Simplex	usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Tuyuka	wʉ́abe	wɨábe								usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Wai Wai	čuure	čuure		semantic shift			cf. 'manioc'			usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Waimiri Atroari	meie	meie								usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Waorani	pãõ (general bread) (IDS)		bread (general)	loan			Spanish or Portuguese	Also in Wanano pão; Secoya ãɔ		usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Wapishana	baɖa	baɖa		unknown					Simplex	usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Wari	kajikapam (Sousa2009)	kajikapam (Sousa2009)								usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Waurá	ule-pe	ule-pe		doubtful loan (into protolg), direction unknown			Carib			usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Wayampi	mɛyu	mɛju		inheritance						usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Wayana	ulu	ulu		doubtful loan (into protolg), direction unknown			Arawak			usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Yabarana		sere								usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Yagua	paji	paxi		unique						usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Yanomam	naši (EM72)	naʃi		semantic shift?		Proto Ninam/Yanomami/Yanomam	from 'manioc'		Simplex	usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Yanomami	nashi hikɨ	naʃi hikɨ		unique/semantic shift?		Proto Ninam/Yanomami/Yanomam	from 'manioc'			usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Yavitero	a'husi	aʔhusi								usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Yuhup	b'âʔ, k'ǒj	b'âʔ, k'ǒj								usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Yukpa	yetatka ('bread')	jetatka ('bread')								usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
Yukuna	pupuchí 'torta hecha del almidón de yuca)	puputʃí 'torta hecha del almidón de yuca)	flatbread made from manioc or umari (huacuri) fruit	unknown					Simplex	usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page


Achagua
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Andoke
Apalai
Ashuar
Baniwa
Bora
Candoshi-Shapra
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Central Aymara
Chácobo
Cofán
Cubeo
Desano
Dâw
Eñepa
Guayabero
Huambisa
Hup
Kabiyari
Kaingang
Kakua
Kalapalo
Kamayurá
Kariña
Kokama
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lokono
Macaguan
Makuna
Makushi
Mapoyo
Matses
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Máku
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Nheengatu
Ninam
Northern Emberá
Ocaina
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Puinave
Pumé
Quechua Ayacuchano
Resígaro
Sanumá
Secoya
Sikuani
Siona
Sirionó
Sáliva
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tukano
Tuyuka
Wai Wai
Waimiri Atroari
Waorani
Wapishana
Wari
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Yabarana
Yagua
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yavitero
Yuhup
Yukpa
Yukuna

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