Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

porcupine

Semantic Field: flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: puerco espín, erizo (Peru), casha cushillo (Peru)
Meaning Portuguese: cuandu, porco-espinho

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Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Hypernym	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	Medicinal Notes	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Psychotropic Notes	Traded	Trade Notes	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous	Ethnobiology Notes	Species Notes	General Notes

Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Word Structure	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Source	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Food Source	Medicinal	Psychotropic	Traded	Dangerous	General Notes
Achagua	family Erethizontidae	tʃáara	tʃáara		inheritance							See Language page
Aguaruna	family Erethizontidae	kúju	kúxu		loan, direction unknown		Candoshi					See Language page
Akawaio	family Erethizontidae	aruu	aru		inheritance	Northern Carib? (attested Pemon, Akawaio, Makushi, Wai Wai)	East Tukanoan					See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Ashuar	family Erethizontidae	kúru	kuru									See Language page
Baniwa	family Erethizontidae	ñarrada (R95), jáaɻa (R01)	ñarrada (R95), jáaɻa (R01)		inheritance				uncoded			See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Bora	family Erethizontidae	niijyáu (FS)	niixjáu		unique							See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra	family Erethizontidae	koro (Tuggy 1966)	koro (Tuggy 1966)		loan, direction unknown		Jivaroan					See Language page
Carapana	family Erethizontidae	wãtõ	wãtɔ̃									See Language page
Carijona	family Erethizontidae	wirika (R95)			inheritance	Unknown (attested Carijona, Eñepa)		e.g. Desano /wáru/				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Cavineña	family Erethizontidae	iha (G71)	iha (G71)									See Language page
Central Aymara	family Erethizontidae	ch'aphi qamaqi (P04)	tʃ'aphi qamaqi (P04)									See Language page
Cofán	family Erethizontidae	shinda	ʃinda									See Language page							phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Cubeo	family Erethizontidae	varorʉ	vaɾoɾɨ		doubtful loan (into protolg?)	East Tukanoan	Carib, cf. Wai Wai waaro, also Yukuna walo		uncoded			See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Cuiva	family Erethizontidae	mʉxʉbʉ		scientific name: coenda prehensilis; in Spanish: puercoespín/ cuerpo espino								Kondo 1983:116
Desano	family Erethizontidae	wáru	wáru		doubtful loan (into protolg?)	East Tukanoan	Carib, cf. Wai Wai waaro, also Yukuna walo		uncoded			See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Djeoromitxi	family Erethizontidae	kunĩ	kunĩ									See Language page
Dâw	family Erethizontidae	puùg	pûg		inheritance				underived			See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Eñepa	family Erethizontidae	ijka, Var. wijka, wi'ka (MM)	ihka, Var. wihka, wiʔka (MM)		inheritance	Unknown (attested Carijona, Eñepa)						See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Hodï	family Erethizontidae	uli jeme			unique				uncoded			See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Huambisa	family Erethizontidae	kuru	kuru									See Language page
Hup	family Erethizontidae	pǔg	pǔg		inheritance				underived			See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Ingá	family Erethizontidae	michichin										See Language page
Iquito	family Erethizontidae	sicúja (Coendou prehensilis)	sikúha (Coendou prehensilis)		unique							See Language page
Kabiyari	family Erethizontidae	tʃáara	tʃáara									See Language page
Kakua	family Erethizontidae	[coendou bicolor- bicolor-spined porcupine]	ʔî [coendou bicolor- bicolor-spined porcupine]		unknown				underived			See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Kanamarí	family Erethizontidae	kawaro	kawaro	porco-espinho								Magalhães 2018:357
Kariña	family Erethizontidae	myryju	mɨrɨju	tree porcupine								Courtz 2007:323						no
Karitiana	family Erethizontidae	koroko	koɾoko		unknown							See Language page
Koreguaje	family Erethizontidae	so'to	soʔto		inheritance							See Language page
Kwazá	family Erethizontidae	axu	axu									See Language page
Lokono	family Erethizontidae	aroro	aroro	porcupine								Fanshawe 1949:59						no
Macaguan	family Erethizontidae	mʉkáp	mɨkáp		inheritance				uncoded			See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Maihiki	family Erethizontidae	toto ago	toto ago		inheritance	West Tukanoan			uncoded	ago	ago = feminine animate	See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Makiritare	family Erethizontidae	kidi'shu (KH)	kidiʔʃu		unique							See Language page
Makuna	family Erethizontidae	wada sẽme	wada sɛ̃mɛ		doubtful loan (into protolg?)		Carib, cf. Wai Wai waaro, also Yukuna walo					See Language page
Makushi	family Erethizontidae	árú	árú		inheritance	Northern Carib? (attested Pemon, Akawaio, Makushi, Wai Wai)	East Tukanoan	e.g. Desano /wáru/				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Matses	family Erethizontidae	isa	isa		inheritance/loan Tacanan?							See Language page
Movima	family Erethizontidae	dudutus (J62)	dudutus									See Language page
Muinane	family Erethizontidae	dááráɨ, tánííniba (W97)	dááráɨ, tánííniba									See Language page
Murui Witoto	family Erethizontidae	juuco	huuko (B83)		unique							See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect	family Erethizontidae		kakuːʃ									See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect	family Erethizontidae		kakoːʃ		unique							See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	family Erethizontidae	casha aicha	kaʃa aitʃa									See Language page
Nheengatu	family Erethizontidae	kuãdú	kuãdú		inheritance	Proto-Tupi-Guarani		Reconstructed PTG Mello 2000	underived			See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Ninam	family Erethizontidae	hop@hi (gom)	hopəhi (gom)		inheritance				uncoded			See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Ocaina	family Erethizontidae	jinhñ̈ááhso, jovádyuna	hiʔɲ̵ááʔso, hoβádʲɯ̃a		unique							See Language page
Paresi	family Erethizontidae	ko'liho	ko'lihu		unknown							See Language page
Pemon	family Erethizontidae	aruu (E1980)	aru (E1980)		inheritance	Northern Carib? (attested Pemon, Akawaio, Makushi, Wai Wai)	East Tukanoan					See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Piapoco	family Erethizontidae	chála	tʃála									See Language page
Piaroa	family Erethizontidae	käya (coendou prehensilis), käriyäi (sphiggurus insidiosus) (R95)	kæja (coendou prehensilis), kærijæi (sphiggurus insidiosus) (R95)		unique							See Language page
Páez	family Erethizontidae	tou	tou									See Language page
Sanumá	family Erethizontidae	hiwala a, hoobɨ a	hiwala a, ho:bɨ a		inheritance				uncoded			See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Secoya	family Erethizontidae	so'to	sɔʔtɔ									See Language page
Sikuani	family Erethizontidae	tsala (rk83), maxëbë (rk83) (both coenda prehensilis)			loan; inheritance		Piapoco	Piapoco tʃala; alternate word maxëbë (rk83) (inheritance)	uncoded			See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Siona	family Erethizontidae	so'to	soʔto		inheritance							See Language page
Sirionó	family Erethizontidae	cuandu (P85)	kuandu		inheritance							See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua	family Erethizontidae	tuyuru	tujuɾu									See Language page
Sáliva	family Erethizontidae	llawa	ʤawa		doubtful loan		Arawak					See Language page
Tariana	family Erethizontidae	yáːɾa	jáːɾa		inheritance	Central North Arawak, Rio Negro Branch			uncoded			See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Taushiro	family Erethizontidae	ae´uh	aɨʔuh									See Language page
Tukano	family Erethizontidae	wa'tô	wa'tô		doubtful loan (into protolg?)	East Tukanoan	Carib, cf. Wai Wai waaro, also Yukuna walo		uncoded			See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Wai Wai	family Erethizontidae	waaro (SM)	waaro (SM)		doubtful loan, direction unknown		cf. Yukuna, ET walo; possibly related to aru forms in other Carib, but 'w~ø' does not appear regular					See Language page
Wari	family Erethizontidae	pitop (Sousa2009)	pitop (Sousa2009)									See Language page
Wayampi	family Erethizontidae	kwanu (G89)	kwanu (G89)		inheritance							See Language page
Wayana	family Erethizontidae	alu	alu		inheritance							See Language page
Yagua	family Erethizontidae	judarasiy	xũndarasij		unique							See Language page
Yanomami	family Erethizontidae	hiwara	hiwaɾa		inheritance				underived			See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Yavitero	family Erethizontidae	wála	wála									See Language page
Yuhup	family Erethizontidae	pûg	pûg		inheritance				underived			See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Yukpa	family Erethizontidae	kúsara										See Language page							Phon only in source
Yukuna	family Erethizontidae	wapuchi	waputʃi		unique				uncoded			See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	no
Záparo	family Erethizontidae	munuri	munuri									See Language page


Achagua
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Ashuar
Baniwa
Bora
Candoshi-Shapra
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Central Aymara
Cofán
Cubeo
Cuiva
Desano
Djeoromitxi
Dâw
Eñepa
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ingá
Iquito
Kabiyari
Kakua
Kanamarí
Kariña
Karitiana
Koreguaje
Kwazá
Lokono
Macaguan
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Makushi
Matses
Movima
Muinane
Murui Witoto
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Nheengatu
Ninam
Ocaina
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Páez
Sanumá
Secoya
Sikuani
Siona
Sirionó
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Sáliva
Tariana
Taushiro
Tukano
Wai Wai
Wari
Wayampi
Wayana
Yagua
Yanomami
Yavitero
Yuhup
Yukpa
Yukuna
Záparo

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