Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

valley oak

Semantic Field: flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
Meaning Portuguese

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Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Hypernym	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	Medicinal Notes	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Psychotropic Notes	Traded	Trade Notes	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous	Ethnobiology Notes	Species Notes	General Notes

Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	Medicinal Notes	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Traded	Trade Notes	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous
Bankalachi Toloim	Quercus lobata	kin'-nim		Valley oak (Quercus lobata)	loan			Yokutsan	Yowlumne kin'-nim; Wikchamni kah-me'-ahch; gum'-itch; kum-itch; Tinlinne kā-nim	same	underived				C. H. Merriam 72-79, 60-467		2		1		2					1				no
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	Quercus lobata	missing			inheritance						missing						2		1		2					1				no
Cahuilla	Quercus lobata	kʷíñil	ˈkʷiɲil	acorn, California black oak	inheritance	kwini/kwiyi-	Northern Uto-Aztecan		S1507a (Stubbs 2009:224). This is probably a loan into PNUA from Proto-Kiowa-Tanoan	broader (also used for the acorn)	other complex	ˈkʷiɲi-l	-ki7iw7a "waiting, claim"	possessive classifier -ki7iw7a "grove of trees growing wild that is assigned to a lineage" (literally, "waiting", "claim" (Seiler and Hioki 1979:300)). Acorns are -chi-7a "gathering".	Seiler&Hioki 1979:93	Oak groves were lineage properties. Individual trees belonged to families within the lineage.	2	A “first crop” ceremony held by net; one could not eat the new acorns before this event, on pain of death or sickness. Myths hold acorns were not always bitter, but were changed by a vengeful shaman or perphas by Mukat, angry at his people poisoned by a	1	Very elaborate steps in preparation yields bread (sawish), mush (wiwish), and soup (B&S give no name).	1	ashes of wood and bark in antiseptic wash	Gathered (wild but closely managed)	All	acorns dried, ground, flour prepared through several stages of leaching, grinding in diverse utensils (see Bean & Saubel 1972:127)	1	Desert Cahuilla traded for acorns with Wanikik and Mountain Cahuilla groups, although they did have their own groves in upper Murray Canyon	Southwest Oregon and California except in deserts	Found in high hills up to 8,000 feet, especially on slopes facing away from the desert	no
Central Sierra Miwok	Quercus lobata	wíl:išy-		oak (Quercus lobata)	inheritance		Sierra Miwokan only		Also in Mins		other complex	-y nominalizer			Freeland & Broadbent 1960		2		1		2					1				no
Chemehuevi	Quercus lobata	kwijə-va		oak (probably Black Oak, Q. kelloggii JHH)	inheritance	kwiN/kwi	Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 1507a (2008:224) probably a Kiowa-Tanoan loan into PNUA	same	other complex	has -pɨ ABS			Harrington Chemehuevi Noun List		2		1		2					1				no
Chumash Barbareno	Quercus lobata	ta'		Q. lobata	inheritance	*ta'	Proto-Chumash		Klar 1977:102		underived				Timbrook 2007:163		2		1		2					1				no
Chumash Ineseno	Quercus lobata	ta'		Valley oak (Q. lobata), also heard for Valley live oak	inheritance	*ta'	Proto-Chumash		Klar 1977:102		underived				Timbrook 2007:163		2		1		2					1				no
Chumash Obispeno	Quercus lobata	ta'		Q. lobata	inheritance	*ta'	Proto-Chumash		Klar 1977:102		underived				Timbrook 2007:163		2		1		2					1				no
Chumash Ventureno	Quercus lobata	ta		Quercus lobata, Valley Oak	inheritance	*ta'	Proto-Chumash		Klar 1977:102		underived				Timbrook 2007:163		2		1		2					1				no
Cocopa	Quercus lobata	missing			missing						missing						2		1		2					1				no
Comanche	Quercus lobata	tuhuupi, tuhu huupi		blackjack oak, barren oak, Q. marilandica	unique					same	phrase	black tree			Robinson & Armagost 1990:124		2		1	acorns eaten	2	leaves used in cigarettes				1				no
Cupeño	Quercus lobata	kwinily	ˈkʷiniʎ	Black Oak, Quercus kelloggii, or its acorns	inheritance	kwini/kwiyi-	Northern Uto-Aztecan		S1507a (Stubbs 2009:224). This is probably a loan into PNUA from Proto-Kiowa-Tanoan	broader (includes tree and acorns)	other complex	ˈkʷini-ʎ black.oak-npn			Hill & Nolasquez 1973:160	groves owned by lineages	2	Guarded Creator's funeral pyre (Hill & Nolasquez 1973:8)	1	“acorns like butter”, the most important food source	no info		gathered (wild but closely managed)	all	acorns hulled, ground, leached, made into cakes, mush, soup	1		Southwest Oregon and California except in deserts	Found in high hills up to 8,000 feet, especially on slopes facing away from the desert	no
Esselen	Quercus lobata	has+		white-oak	unique		Esselen				other complex	-s classifier suffix	-s		Kroeber/Henshaw 55		2		1		2					1				no
Gabrielino	Quercus lobata	kwa:r	kʷa:r	bellota = tree	inheritance	kwini/kwiyi-	Northern Uto-Aztecan		S1507a (Stubbs 2009:224). This is probably a loan into PNUA from Proto-Kiowa-Tanoan	broader (includes tree and acorns)	other complex	kʷa:-r black.oak-npn	-hi:n	classifier for worthwhile possessions	Harrington 125	no info	2	were once human	1	acorns	1	oak bark as general all-purpose antiseptic wash (McC p. 102)	gathered (wild but closely managed)	all	acorns ground, flour leached, made into mush, soup, bread	1		Southwest Oregon and California except in deserts	Found in high hills up to 8,000 feet, especially on slopes facing away from the desert	no
Iipay 'Aa	Quercus lobata	kuphaall		Black Oak, Quercus kelloggii; )Merriam confirms) C&H “deciduous oak and its acorns, best for eating”	unique					same	underived				http://www.powayusd.com/projects/kumeyaay/Ethnobotany.htm; spelling from Couro & Hutcheson 1973		2		1		2					1				no
Kawaiisu	Quercus lobata	šiviidɨbɨ		Quercus lobata	inheritance	*sip	Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 1511; a possible Cora cognate, but look for Yokutsan origin?	same	other complex	šiviidɨ-bɨ oak-ABS	bɨ, pɨ	bɨ, pɨ seem to classify for plants, trees	1981 Zigmond		2		1		2					1				no
Kiliwa	Quercus lobata	kw?il=msi?		white oak, sweet acorn	doubtful loan			Takic	Takic *kwinily “Black Oak” (best acorn)	same	phrase	oak=star			Mixco 1985		2		1		2					1				no
Kitanemuk	Quercus lobata	šev	ˈʃev	oak sp., White Oak, Q. lobata	inheritance	*siˈpiC-	Uto-Aztecan		S1511 (Stubbs 2009:224), to which add Gabrielino sa-veCH (Merriam). This is a very conservative item. This Kitanemuk form MIGHT be a loan from Gab??	broader (tree and acorns)	underived		-niw	possessive classifier for things	Anderton 1988:498	no info	2		1		no info		gathered (wild but closely managed	all	acorns ground, leached, used in diverse preparations	1		Southwest Oregon, California to Tehachapis, also on Channel Islands	valley floors, riparian areas	no
Lake Miwok	Quercus lobata	hah'-ke-ah al-wah		Q. lobata	loan			Pomoan	note Proto Pomo *xa7k'i(b7) “oak, live(?)”. McLendon 1973:83 The resemblance is to the Protolanguage JHH		phrase	X tree			Merriam 57:533		2		1		2					1				no
Luiseño	Quercus lobata	kwíila	ʹkʷi:la	black oak, acorns of which are best for making mush; acorns of this oak; Bright: Quercus kelloggii	inheritance	kwini/kwiyi-	Northern Uto-Aztecan		S1507a (Stubbs 2009:224). This is probably a loan into PNUA from Proto-Kiowa-Tanoan	broader (includes tree and acorns)	other complex	ʹkʷi:-la black.oak-non.possessed.noun			Elliott 1999:437	no info	2	couplet: $uukat, kwiila. Plural forms refer to time when humans were trees.	1	the most esteemed acorn (Sparkman 1908:193)	no info		gathered (wild but closely managed)	all	acorns ground into flour, which is leached, then cooked into bread, mush, soup	1		Southwest Oregon and California except in deserts	Found in high hills up to 8,000 feet, especially on slopes facing away from the desert	no
Maidu	Quercus lobata	lòwím c'á, wáksapem hámsin c'á		valley oak, white oak	unique						phrase	X tree			Shipley 1963		2		1		2					1				no
Mojave	Quercus lobata	missing			missing						missing						2		1		2					1				no
Mutsun	Quercus lobata	ar'-rĕk-ky	7arkeh (Callaghan 1992:41	Quercus lobata	inheritance	*alkweš	Utian		Callagan 1988:62		underived				Merriam 55:421		2		1		2					1				no
Nisenan	Quercus lobata	palla: (CHM pah-lahm chah)		water oak	unique						underived				Uldall & Shipley 1966		2		1		2					1				no
Northern Paiute	Quercus lobata	we-ap'; we-ab'-be (wea acorns)		Black oak (Quercus californica)	inheritance	*wiya	Northern Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 1507b (2008:224)	same	other complex	has -pi ABS			Merriam 61:151		2		1		2					1				no
Northern Sierra Miwok	Quercus lobata	wil:is-y-		water oak	inheritance		Sierra Miwokan only		Also in Mics		other complex	-y nominalizer			Callaghan 1987		2		1		2					1				no
Plains Miwok	Quercus lobata	7oca:pa-		water oak	unique						underived				Callaghan 1984		2		1		2					1				no
Salinan A	Quercus lobata	7at		white oak (Merriam confirms as “ut” 55:387)	unique		Salinan		same as “tree”		underived				Mason 1918:126; Turner 1980:78		2		1		2					1				no
Salinan M	Quercus lobata	p<á:<t (p'at Turner 1983:230)		white oak (Merriam confirms Q. lobata 55:385)	unique		Salinan				underived				Mason 1918:129		2		1		2					1				no
Seri (Comcaac)	Quercus lobata	missing			missing						missing						2		1		2					1				no
Serrano	Quercus lobata	ipaaT		CHM says is Valley Oak (cognates are Q. dumosa)	inheritance	*pawa	Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 1504 (2008:223); the initial 7i- is obscure, the rest is excellent.		other complex	-t NPN			Merriam 60:113; KCHill ms 2001:18		2		1		2					1				no
Southern Paiute	Quercus lobata	pagwi:avɨ		red oak growing along rivers	inheritance	kwiN/kwi-	Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 1507a (with pa- “water”? increment)	same	phrase	water-oak			Sapir 1930:597		2		1		2					1				no
Southern Sierra Miwok	Quercus lobata	tele-:liH-; le:ka-		black oak; white or scrub oak	inheritance	*tele-:li-	Eastern Miwokan		Callaghan 1971:25		underived				Broadbent 1964:		2		1		2					1				no
Southern Ute	Quercus lobata	kwiá-vŲ		oak	inheritance	kwiN/kwi	Northern Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 1507a (2008:224) probably a Kiowa-Tanoan loan into PNUA	same	other complex	has -pɨ ABS			Givon 1979		2		1		2					1				no
Tübatulabal	Quercus lobata	shīpī'ül	ʃi:bi:ˈʔɨl	Valley Oak, Quercus lobata	inheritance	*siˈpiC-	Uto-Aztecan		S1511 (Stubbs 2009:224), to which add Gabrielino sa-veCH (Merriam). This is a very conservative item.	same	other complex	ʃi:bi:ˈʔɨ-l valley.oak-npn (root perhaps a loan? See Kitanemuk shef)			Hill 2010:79	no info	2		1		no info		gathered (wild but closely managed)	all	acorns shelled, ground into flour, leached, prepared in diverse ways	1	sometimes traded from Yokuts	Southwest Oregon, California to Tehachapis, also on Channel Islands	valley floors, riparian areas	no
Tümpisa Shoshone	Quercus lobata	missing			missing						missing						2		1		2					1				no
Wappo	Quercus lobata	p'í:pho		white oak, valley oak (CHM confirms 52:581)	unique				-ho from -hol "tree" according to Sawyer 1991		other complex	-o for tree			Sawyer 1965		2		1		2					1				no
Washo	Quercus lobata	malŋá:c'i		Black oak acorn	unique						derived	--a:c'i diminutive			Merriam 55:315; WPD		2		1		2					1				no
Western Mono	Quercus lobata	sodobɨ		Water oak tree (Quercus sp.) (Merriam's Q. lobata)	unique				Possible Yokuts loan, see Chukchansi sow'-wah “black oak”,	same	derived		-pɨ		Bethel et al.:184	no info	2		1		no info		Gathered (wild but closely managed)	all	acorns ground, leached, cooked in diverse preparations	1	“acorns moved eastward” to E. Mono (Spier 1978:427)			no
Wintu	Quercus lobata	sulehmi		valley oak (CHM confirms)	unique						compound	sule “valley oak acorns” (Pitkin 1985)			Schlichter 1981		2		1		2					1				no
Yavapai	Quercus lobata	tɲík		white oak	unique						unknown				Shaterian 1983		2		1		2					1				no
Yokuts Palewyami	Quercus lobata	to'-kŏt		Valley oak (Q. lobata)	unique				Kroeber has kimiax “plains oak”; I trust Merriam	same	underived				Merriam 58:533		2		1		2					1				no
Yokuts Yawdanchi	Quercus lobata	k'ömiux		plains oak (Merriam confirms Q. lobata 58:375	inheritance		Yok-Utian		Note Kroeber's Palewyami kimiax (where Yowl has k'inim)	broader (includes acorns)	underived				Kroeber 1961:198		2		1		2					1				no
Yokuts Yowlumne	Quercus lobata	k'inim		plains oak (Merriam confirms Q. lobata 58:565, also means the acorn)	inheritance	*k'inim	Nim-Yokuts		Golla 1964:60	broader (includes the acorns)	underived				Kroeber 1961:198		2		1		2					1				no
Yuki	Quercus lobata	ki-e'-me MWO, káN-yi-mi Cs		Q. lobata	inheritance	*kəyam 7ol “valley oak”	Yukian		Schlichter 1985		compound	-mi "tree"			Sawyer & Schlichter 1984		2		1		2					1				no
Yuma	Quercus lobata	missing			missing						missing						2		1		2					1				no


Bankalachi Toloim
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Cahuilla
Central Sierra Miwok
Chemehuevi
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Cocopa
Comanche
Cupeño
Esselen
Gabrielino
Iipay 'Aa
Kawaiisu
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Lake Miwok
Luiseño
Maidu
Mojave
Mutsun
Nisenan
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Plains Miwok
Salinan A
Salinan M
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Southern Paiute
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Wappo
Washo
Western Mono
Wintu
Yavapai
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuki
Yuma

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