| Bankalachi Toloim |
Eschrichtius robustus |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Big Smokey Valley Shoshone |
Eschrichtius robustus |
missing |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cahuilla |
Eschrichtius robustus |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Central Sierra Miwok |
Eschrichtius robustus |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
Eschrichtius robustus |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Barbareno |
Eschrichtius robustus |
paxat |
|
whale |
inheritance |
*paqat(V) |
Proto-Chumash |
|
Klar 1977:115 |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Beeler 1978:182 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Ineseno |
Eschrichtius robustus |
paxat |
|
whale |
inheritance |
*paqat(V) |
Proto-Chumash |
|
Klar 1977:115 |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Klar 1977:115 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Obispeno |
Eschrichtius robustus |
(t)pxatu, (t)pqatu |
|
whale |
inheritance |
*paqat(V) |
Proto-Chumash |
|
Klar 1977:115; Harrington's inf. said “same as Tulareño” 0082 |
|
|
|
other complex |
t- |
|
|
|
Klar 1977;115 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Ventureno |
Eschrichtius robustus |
paxat |
|
whale |
inheritance |
*paqat(V) |
Proto-Chumash |
|
Klar 1977;115 |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Mamet 2008:59 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cocopa |
Eschrichtius robustus |
xàlšɂá·ţ |
|
whale, possibly porpoise |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
broader (perhaps whales and porpoises -- “Cetacean”) |
underived |
no analysis in Crawford; however note xàlqwcá·c “name of a personage in a myth, called variously dragon, whale, and water snake” Crawford p. 341) |
|
|
|
Crawford 1989 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Comanche |
Eschrichtius robustus |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
Eschrichtius robustus |
qeyuwet |
qəˈjuwət |
whale |
inheritance |
*kɨcuC- |
Uto-Aztean |
|
S864 (Stubbs 2009;147) |
|
|
narrower (California Gray Whale) |
derived |
qəˈju-wə-t fish-augmentative-npn |
-ʔaʃ "pet" |
possessive classifier for animals |
|
Hill & Nolasquez 1973:170 |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
|
no info |
|
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
0 |
|
1 |
whale-vertebrae stools from beached whales found far inland |
Eastern Pacific Coast (breed in Gulf of California) |
ocean |
no |
|
|
|
| Esselen |
Eschrichtius robustus |
pišuk |
|
whale |
unique |
|
Esselen |
|
Shaul note sresmblance to Bodega Miwok púuşu; |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Shaul 1988:693, 6 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
Eschrichtius robustus |
kyot |
kjot |
whale |
inheritance |
*kɨcuC-wɨt |
Cupan plus Gabriellino |
|
note Cupeno qeyuwet “whale”, good cognate |
|
|
no info |
phrase |
ˈpa:-ŋa xa:-r water-in rat-npn |
-ʔaʧ “pet |
possessive classifier for animals |
|
Munro 1988 cited in Anderton 1988:355 |
no info |
2 |
rock art representations in caves; Whale may be the “Big Fish” that brought tosawt “sacred stones” from island to mainland (Harrington 1978:146) |
1 |
|
no info |
|
gathered (wild) |
all |
bones of beached whales used for house construction; vertebrae as stools |
0 |
|
1 |
whale vertebra stools found well inland |
Pacific coast; migratory route is Alaska-Gulf of California |
deep water (although California Grays may swim fairly close to shore) |
no |
|
|
|
| Iipay 'Aa |
Eschrichtius robustus |
ɂehpank |
|
whale |
inheritance |
|
Proto-Yuman |
|
Note Kiliwa paa=naq |
|
|
same |
underived |
etymologically probably contains *paa “swim” |
|
|
|
Couro & Hutcheson 1973 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
Eschrichtius robustus |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kiliwa |
Eschrichtius robustus |
paa=naq |
|
California grey whale and Black Right Whale |
inheritance |
|
Proto-Yuman |
|
Note 'Iipay Aa ɂehpank |
|
|
same |
other complex |
obviously complex, paa- perhaps from xa?-paa “swim”? naq only in this expression |
|
|
|
Mixco 1985 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
Eschrichtius robustus |
kiyaw |
ˈkiyaw |
whale |
unique |
|
|
|
perhaps a loan of the “fish” word from another California language??? |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
-ʔacit "pet" |
possessive classifier for animals |
|
Anderton 1988:354 |
no info |
2 |
figure in an account (presumably from Chumash) of 8 brothers who hunted them (Blackburn & Bean 1978:568) |
1 |
|
no |
|
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
0 |
|
1 |
whale vertebra stools traded to inland, also bone |
Pacific coast; migratory route is Alaska-Gulf of California |
deep water (although California Grays may swim fairly close to shore) |
no |
|
|
|
| Lake Miwok |
Eschrichtius robustus |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
Eschrichtius robustus |
koyóowut |
koʹjo:wut |
whale |
inheritance |
*kɨcuC- |
Uto-Aztecan |
|
S864 (Stubbs 2009;147) |
|
|
narrower (this is California Gray Whale) |
derived |
koʹjo:-wu-t fish-augmentative-non.possessed.noun (except ko'jo is “water monster living near Pauma” in Lu. |
|
|
no info |
Elliott 1999:404 |
no info |
2 |
Whale may be the “Big Fish” that brought tosawt “sacred stones” from island to mainland (Harrington 1978:146) |
1 |
very infrequent; beached whales used mainly as source of bone |
no info |
|
no info |
no info |
no info |
0 |
|
1 |
I assume whale bone was traded, it's found in interior |
Pacific coast; migratory route is Alaska-Gulf of California |
deep water (although California Grays may swim fairly close to shore) |
no |
|
|
|
| Maidu |
Eschrichtius robustus |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Mojave |
Eschrichtius robustus |
kamay'iivet |
|
whale; a snake tht Mataviily brought to the earth, a great doctor who lived across the ocean some time ago |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
broader (several mythical beasts plus cetaceans) |
phrase |
second part from 7ave-7atay snake-big |
|
|
|
Munro et al.1992 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Mutsun |
Eschrichtius robustus |
Time |
|
whale |
inheritance |
|
Costanoan |
|
Shaul note sresmblance of Esselen čeme-pša (Pinart) to Bodega Miwok púuşu; Costanoan čime, Time 1988:696; Pinnart has for Co II, IV |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Mason 1916:429 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Nisenan |
Eschrichtius robustus |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
Eschrichtius robustus |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Northern Sierra Miwok |
Eschrichtius robustus |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Plains Miwok |
Eschrichtius robustus |
waje:na- |
|
whale |
loan |
|
|
Spanish |
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Callaghan 1984 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Salinan A |
Eschrichtius robustus |
Tay |
|
whale |
unique |
|
Salinan |
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
perhaps has initial /T/ but repeatedly cited by Turner 1987 as a stem |
|
|
|
Mason 1918:125; Turner 1980:87 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Salinan M |
Eschrichtius robustus |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Seri (Comcaac) |
Eschrichtius robustus |
haquim (arc.) |
|
whale |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Comcaac Dictionary 334 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Serrano |
Eschrichtius robustus |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
Eschrichtius robustus |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Sierra Miwok |
Eschrichtius robustus |
wejl- |
|
whale |
loan |
|
|
English |
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Broadbent 1964: |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
Eschrichtius robustus |
píá-vagų |
|
whale |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
same |
phrase |
mother-fish (really it's “big-fish”) |
|
|
|
Givon 1979 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Tübatulabal |
Eschrichtius robustus |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Tümpisa Shoshone |
Eschrichtius robustus |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Wappo |
Eschrichtius robustus |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Washo |
Eschrichtius robustus |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
Eschrichtius robustus |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Wintu |
Eschrichtius robustus |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yavapai |
Eschrichtius robustus |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Palewyami |
Eschrichtius robustus |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Yawdanchi |
Eschrichtius robustus |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Yowlumne |
Eschrichtius robustus |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yuki |
Eschrichtius robustus |
hąw -hoT-am (K) |
|
whale |
inheritance |
*həw-*hohTam “fish big” |
Yukian |
|
|
|
|
|
phrase, other complex |
fish-large; -am derives nouns |
|
|
|
Sawyer & Schlichter 1984 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yuma |
Eschrichtius robustus |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
