Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

whale

Semantic Field: flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
Meaning Portuguese

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Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Hypernym	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	Medicinal Notes	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Psychotropic Notes	Traded	Trade Notes	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous	Ethnobiology Notes	Species Notes	General Notes

Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Hypernym	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Traded	Trade Notes	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous
Bankalachi Toloim	Eschrichtius robustus	missing			missing						missing							2		1		2				1				no
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	Eschrichtius robustus	missing			inheritance						missing							2		1		2				1				no
Cahuilla	Eschrichtius robustus	missing			missing						missing							2		1		2				1				no
Central Sierra Miwok	Eschrichtius robustus	missing			missing						missing							2		1		2				1				no
Chemehuevi	Eschrichtius robustus	missing			missing						missing							2		1		2				1				no
Chumash Barbareno	Eschrichtius robustus	paxat		whale	inheritance	*paqat(V)	Proto-Chumash		Klar 1977:115		underived					Beeler 1978:182		2		1		2				1				no
Chumash Ineseno	Eschrichtius robustus	paxat		whale	inheritance	*paqat(V)	Proto-Chumash		Klar 1977:115		underived					Klar 1977:115		2		1		2				1				no
Chumash Obispeno	Eschrichtius robustus	(t)pxatu, (t)pqatu		whale	inheritance	*paqat(V)	Proto-Chumash		Klar 1977:115; Harrington's inf. said “same as Tulareño” 0082		other complex	t-				Klar 1977;115		2		1		2				1				no
Chumash Ventureno	Eschrichtius robustus	paxat		whale	inheritance	*paqat(V)	Proto-Chumash		Klar 1977;115		underived					Mamet 2008:59		2		1		2				1				no
Cocopa	Eschrichtius robustus	xàlšɂá·ţ		whale, possibly porpoise	unique					broader (perhaps whales and porpoises -- “Cetacean”)	underived	no analysis in Crawford; however note xàlqwcá·c “name of a personage in a myth, called variously dragon, whale, and water snake” Crawford p. 341)				Crawford 1989		2		1		2				1				no
Comanche	Eschrichtius robustus	missing			missing						missing							2		1		2				1				no
Cupeño	Eschrichtius robustus	qeyuwet	qəˈjuwət	whale	inheritance	*kɨcuC-	Uto-Aztean		S864 (Stubbs 2009;147)	narrower (California Gray Whale)	derived	qəˈju-wə-t fish-augmentative-npn	-ʔaʃ "pet"	possessive classifier for animals		Hill & Nolasquez 1973:170	no info	2		1		no info	N/A	N/A	N/A	1	whale-vertebrae stools from beached whales found far inland	Eastern Pacific Coast (breed in Gulf of California)	ocean	no
Esselen	Eschrichtius robustus	pišuk		whale	unique		Esselen		Shaul note sresmblance to Bodega Miwok púuşu;		underived					Shaul 1988:693, 6		2		1		2				1				no
Gabrielino	Eschrichtius robustus	kyot	kjot	whale	inheritance	*kɨcuC-wɨt	Cupan plus Gabriellino		note Cupeno qeyuwet “whale”, good cognate	no info	phrase	ˈpa:-ŋa xa:-r water-in rat-npn	-ʔaʧ “pet	possessive classifier for animals		Munro 1988 cited in Anderton 1988:355	no info	2	rock art representations in caves; Whale may be the “Big Fish” that brought tosawt “sacred stones” from island to mainland (Harrington 1978:146)	1		no info	gathered (wild)	all	bones of beached whales used for house construction; vertebrae as stools	1	whale vertebra stools found well inland	Pacific coast; migratory route is Alaska-Gulf of California	deep water (although California Grays may swim fairly close to shore)	no
Iipay 'Aa	Eschrichtius robustus	ɂehpank		whale	inheritance		Proto-Yuman		Note Kiliwa paa=naq	same	underived	etymologically probably contains *paa “swim”				Couro & Hutcheson 1973		2		1		2				1				no
Kawaiisu	Eschrichtius robustus	missing			missing						missing							2		1		2				1				no
Kiliwa	Eschrichtius robustus	paa=naq		California grey whale and Black Right Whale	inheritance		Proto-Yuman		Note 'Iipay Aa ɂehpank	same	other complex	obviously complex, paa- perhaps from xa?-paa “swim”? naq only in this expression				Mixco 1985		2		1		2				1				no
Kitanemuk	Eschrichtius robustus	kiyaw	ˈkiyaw	whale	unique				perhaps a loan of the “fish” word from another California language???	same	underived		-ʔacit "pet"	possessive classifier for animals		Anderton 1988:354	no info	2	figure in an account (presumably from Chumash) of 8 brothers who hunted them (Blackburn & Bean 1978:568)	1		no	N/A	N/A	N/A	1	whale vertebra stools traded to inland, also bone	Pacific coast; migratory route is Alaska-Gulf of California	deep water (although California Grays may swim fairly close to shore)	no
Lake Miwok	Eschrichtius robustus	missing			missing						missing							2		1		2				1				no
Luiseño	Eschrichtius robustus	koyóowut	koʹjo:wut	whale	inheritance	*kɨcuC-	Uto-Aztecan		S864 (Stubbs 2009;147)	narrower (this is California Gray Whale)	derived	koʹjo:-wu-t fish-augmentative-non.possessed.noun (except ko'jo is “water monster living near Pauma” in Lu.			no info	Elliott 1999:404	no info	2	Whale may be the “Big Fish” that brought tosawt “sacred stones” from island to mainland (Harrington 1978:146)	1	very infrequent; beached whales used mainly as source of bone	no info	no info	no info	no info	1	I assume whale bone was traded, it's found in interior	Pacific coast; migratory route is Alaska-Gulf of California	deep water (although California Grays may swim fairly close to shore)	no
Maidu	Eschrichtius robustus	missing			missing						missing							2		1		2				1				no
Mojave	Eschrichtius robustus	kamay'iivet		whale; a snake tht Mataviily brought to the earth, a great doctor who lived across the ocean some time ago	unique					broader (several mythical beasts plus cetaceans)	phrase	second part from 7ave-7atay snake-big				Munro et al.1992		2		1		2				1				no
Mutsun	Eschrichtius robustus	Time		whale	inheritance		Costanoan		Shaul note sresmblance of Esselen čeme-pša (Pinart) to Bodega Miwok púuşu; Costanoan čime, Time 1988:696; Pinnart has for Co II, IV		underived					Mason 1916:429		2		1		2				1				no
Nisenan	Eschrichtius robustus	missing			missing						missing							2		1		2				1				no
Northern Paiute	Eschrichtius robustus	missing			missing						missing							2		1		2				1				no
Northern Sierra Miwok	Eschrichtius robustus	missing			missing						missing							2		1		2				1				no
Plains Miwok	Eschrichtius robustus	waje:na-		whale	loan			Spanish			underived					Callaghan 1984		2		1		2				1				no
Salinan A	Eschrichtius robustus	Tay		whale	unique		Salinan				underived	perhaps has initial /T/ but repeatedly cited by Turner 1987 as a stem				Mason 1918:125; Turner 1980:87		2		1		2				1				no
Salinan M	Eschrichtius robustus	missing			missing						missing							2		1		2				1				no
Seri (Comcaac)	Eschrichtius robustus	haquim (arc.)		whale	unique					same	underived					Comcaac Dictionary 334		2		1		2				1				no
Serrano	Eschrichtius robustus	missing			missing						missing							2		1		2				1				no
Southern Paiute	Eschrichtius robustus	missing			missing						missing							2		1		2				1				no
Southern Sierra Miwok	Eschrichtius robustus	wejl-		whale	loan			English			underived					Broadbent 1964:		2		1		2				1				no
Southern Ute	Eschrichtius robustus	píá-vagų		whale	unique					same	phrase	mother-fish (really it's “big-fish”)				Givon 1979		2		1		2				1				no
Tübatulabal	Eschrichtius robustus	missing			missing						missing							2		1		2				1				no
Tümpisa Shoshone	Eschrichtius robustus	missing			missing						missing							2		1		2				1				no
Wappo	Eschrichtius robustus	missing			missing						missing							2		1		2				1				no
Washo	Eschrichtius robustus	missing			missing						missing							2		1		2				1				no
Western Mono	Eschrichtius robustus	missing			missing						missing							2		1		2				1				no
Wintu	Eschrichtius robustus	missing			missing						missing							2		1		2				1				no
Yavapai	Eschrichtius robustus	missing			missing						missing							2		1		2				1				no
Yokuts Palewyami	Eschrichtius robustus	missing			missing						missing							2		1		2				1				no
Yokuts Yawdanchi	Eschrichtius robustus	missing			missing						missing							2		1		2				1				no
Yokuts Yowlumne	Eschrichtius robustus	missing			missing						missing							2		1		2				1				no
Yuki	Eschrichtius robustus	hąw -hoT-am (K)		whale	inheritance	həw-hohTam “fish big”	Yukian				phrase, other complex	fish-large; -am derives nouns				Sawyer & Schlichter 1984		2		1		2				1				no
Yuma	Eschrichtius robustus	missing			missing						missing							2		1		2				1				no


Bankalachi Toloim
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Cahuilla
Central Sierra Miwok
Chemehuevi
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Cocopa
Comanche
Cupeño
Esselen
Gabrielino
Iipay 'Aa
Kawaiisu
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Lake Miwok
Luiseño
Maidu
Mojave
Mutsun
Nisenan
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Plains Miwok
Salinan A
Salinan M
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Southern Paiute
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Wappo
Washo
Western Mono
Wintu
Yavapai
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuki
Yuma

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