Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

wild grapevine

Semantic Field: flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
Meaning Portuguese

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Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Hypernym	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	Medicinal Notes	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Psychotropic Notes	Traded	Trade Notes	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous	Ethnobiology Notes	Species Notes	General Notes

Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous
Bankalachi Toloim	Vitis californica	so-no'-tip, so-naw'-tip		Wild grapevine (Vitis californica)	loan			Yokuts	Yawdanchi so-no'-tis ; Wikchamni shun-no'-tip; sah-nah'-tip; Tinlinne san-no'-tip; Yowlumne saw-naw'-tip; sun-naw'-tip	WW	%sonot	same	underived				C. H. Merriam 60-475, 72-823		2		1		2						no
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	Vitis californica	missing			inheritance								missing						2		1		2						no
Cahuilla	Vitis californica	suwánawet	suˈwanawet	wild grape	loan			Chumash	S188 (Stubbs 2009:65) has this in Cahuilla, Cupeño, Mono seenowa “elderberries”, and Tumpisa Shoshone isawana “plant sp.”. I like Chumash /suwan/ “hanging, earrings” (Ineseno: Note su-wayan- “to cause to hang” A. 221 , “earring” (A.236) (grapes?); ma-s-s	WW	%sonot	same	derived	suˈwana-wet looks like it has an augmentative. This odd form is one of very few Cahuilla words with second syllable stress, suggesting it's a loan.	-7ay7a “picking”	fruit is -7ay7a “picking”	Seiler&Hioki 1979:193	no info	2		1	grapes eaten fresh, cooked in stews, dried as raisins, could be used in mush	no info	gathered (wild )	women, children	dried raisins boiled in water before eating	Southwest Oregon and California	common along streams and in canyon bottoms below 4000 feet, often near villages.	no
Central Sierra Miwok	Vitis californica	pe-pe'-lah		wild grapevine	unique				Possibly a Takic or Tub loan of the *pi “berry” word				reduplicated				Merriam 57:475		2		1		2						no
Chemehuevi	Vitis californica	ɂijá·vimpə (schwa voiceless)		Wild grape vine or plant	inheritance	*(h)iya-	Numic		Stubbs 187 (2008:65)			same	other complex	has -pɨ ABS			Harrington Chemehuevi Noun List		2		1		2						no
Chumash Barbareno	Vitis californica	nu'nit'		Vitis californica	unique		Central Chumash only		might be %sonot (the not part)				underived				Timbrook 2007:224		2		1		2						no
Chumash Ineseno	Vitis californica	nunit'		Vitis californica	inheritance		Central Chumash only		Central Chumash; maybe %sonot				underived				Timbrook 2007:224		2		1		2						no
Chumash Obispeno	Vitis californica	missing			missing								missing						2		1		2						no
Chumash Ventureno	Vitis californica	nunit (noo-net'-tah Merriam 55:63)		Vitis californica, girdiana	inheritance		Central Chumash only		Central Chumash ; maybe %sonot				underived				Timbrook 2007:224		2		1		2						no
Cocopa	Vitis californica	missing			missing								missing						2		1		2						no
Comanche	Vitis californica	natsamukwe?		wild grape , Vitis sp.	unique							same	underived	clearly complex but no help on analysis from R&A			Robinson & Armagost 1990:166		2		1		2						no
Cupeño	Vitis californica	swanewet	ʹswanəwət	wild grapes	loan			Chumash	S188 (Stubbs 2009:65) has this in Cahuilla, Cupeño, Mono seenowa “elderberries”, and Tumpisa Shoshone isawana “plant sp.”. Maybe Yokutsan??. I like Chumash /suwan-/ “hanging, earrings”!!	WW	%sonot	broader (plant and fruit)	derived	ʹswanə-wə-t grape-augmentative-npn (this word is so odd that this analysis is probably bogus)			Hill & Nolasquez 1973:172	no info	2		1		no info	gathered (wild)	women and children	eaten ripe, or dried and stored	Southwest Oregon and California	common along streams and in canyon bottoms below 4000 feet	no
Esselen	Vitis californica	missing			missing								missing						2		1		2						no
Gabrielino	Vitis californica	pah-vah's kā-veet 72-79, 60-441	paˈva:ş ˈke:vit (?)	Wild grapevine	inheritance	*paaʔas	Uto-Aztecan		S189 (Stubbs 2009:65) Yaqui is quite good; Is kevit the same as Lu. makwit?				unknown						2	Couplet in Luiseno, so probably at Creator's mourning ceremony	1		2				Southwest Oregon and California	common along streams and in canyon bottoms below 4000 feet	no
Iipay 'Aa	Vitis californica	kek-kwil'CH		Wild grapevine (Vitis californica)	unique							same	underived				Merriam 55:225		2		1		2						no
Kawaiisu	Vitis californica	wo'ora-višti-bɨ		large wild grape sp.	unique							narrower (large wild grape sp.)	phrase	wo'ora-višti-bɨ horse-big-plant ???	bɨ, pɨ	bɨ, pɨ seem to classify for plants, trees	Zigmond et al.:293		2		1		2						no
Kiliwa	Vitis californica	missing			missing								missing						2		1		2						no
Kitanemuk	Vitis californica	nacakwinač	ˈnaʦakwinaʧ	plant sp.: Desert grape (Vitis girdiana)	unique							broader (vine and fruit)	derived	ˈnaʦa-kwina-ʧ ?-?-npn (Anderton speculates that ˈnaʦa- is “girl” -- but note ˈnaʦakwinit “wild, unruly, runaway, slave, perh. a mare”)	-niw	possessive classifier for things	Anderton 1988:415	no info	2		1	eaten as raisins, boiled or plain, or in pudding	no info	gathered (wild)	women and children	see food notes	Southwest Oregon, California	common along streams and in canyon bottoms below 4000 feet	no
Lake Miwok	Vitis californica	mutte		grapes (CHM: the fruit; the vine is to'-loo, we-wah 57:541)	inheritance		Miwokan		Note Mip mute- “grapes”, Misn mute- “grapes”				underived				Callaghan 1965		2		1		2						no
Luiseño	Vitis californica	mákwit	ʹmakʷit	wild grape	inheritance	*makʷV-/maku-	Uto-Aztecan		S193 (Stubbs 2009:65) a new set from Stubbs that may very well be good			broader (includes plant and grapes)	other complex	ʹmakʷi-t wild.grapes-non.possessed.noun			Elliott 1999:493	no info	2	Couplet: makwit, awiiwanawut “wild grapes, clematis”	1	fruit always eaten fresh (Sparkman 1908:195)	no info	gathered (wild)	women	“fruit is cooked and used for food” Sparkman 1908:231)	Southwest Oregon and California	common along streams and in canyon bottoms below 4000 feet	no
Maidu	Vitis californica	pímmili		wild grape	inheritance		Maiduan		Shipley 1961:51 no reconstruction proposed (Nisenan pi:men)				other complex	-i is stem former			Shipley 1963		2		1		2						no
Mojave	Vitis californica	kamchuulyk		wild grape	unique							same	underived				Munro et al.1992		2		1		2						no
Mutsun	Vitis californica	pā-lik-kah		wild grapevine (Vitis californica)	unique								other complex	morphology unknown			Merriam 55:427		2		1		2						no
Nisenan	Vitis californica	piw (US) sool (CHM) piw sul?		grapevine (the grapes, pe'-mim	inheritance	*piw	Maiduan		Ultan 1964: 366 #209				phrase				Uldall & Shipley 1966		2		1		2						no
Northern Paiute	Vitis californica	koodebesa		grapes	unique				probably a loan			narrower (perhaps just fruit)	underived				Yerington Dictionary		2		1		2						no
Northern Sierra Miwok	Vitis californica	mute-		wild grapes, grapevine	inheritance		Miwokan		Note Mil mutte-, Mip mute- JHH				underived				Callaghan 1987		2		1		2						no
Plains Miwok	Vitis californica	mute-		grapes	inheritance		Miwokan		Note Mil mutte “grapes”, Misn mute- “grapes”				underived				Callaghan 1984		2		1		2						no
Salinan A	Vitis californica	tup'-pa-til		wild grapevine	loan			Spanish	not in M; could this be uppa from uva with t- and some increment -til? Perhaps a plural?				other complex	t- (articular prefix) on vowel-initial stem, probablyl Turner 1987 says should be /T/			Merriam 55:395		2		1		2						no
Salinan M	Vitis californica	o:pIs		wild grape (Merriam has as “grapes”, in which case < uvas)	loan			Spanish	surely from uvas				underived				Mason 1918:129		2		1		2						no
Seri (Comcaac)	Vitis californica	missing			missing								missing						2		1		2						no
Serrano	Vitis californica	nyhnga-T		grape, grapes	loan			Southern Chumash	Barbareno, Ineseno , Ventureno nu'nit';				other complex	-t NPN			KCHill ms 2001:36		2		1		2						no
Southern Paiute	Vitis californica	nahn-kahk		Wild grapevine (Vitis californica)	unique				Is this the “earring” word??			same	derived	nangqa:qA “its branches) (from ear?); also possibly “its ear.ornaments”?			Merriam's Ki-vav-vit 61:379		2		1		2						no
Southern Sierra Miwok	Vitis californica	kim:is-		grapevine	unique								underived				Broadbent 1964:		2		1		2						no
Southern Ute	Vitis californica	sųų-rǫǫ?na-pŲ		grapes	unique							broader (includes domestic grapes)	phrase	sųų-”strong” rǫǫ?na berry -pŲ ABS			Givon 1979		2		1		2						no
Tübatulabal	Vitis californica	wōlōnt	wo:ˈlo:nt	Wild grape, Vitis californica	unique							same	other complex	wo:ˈlo:n-t grapes-npn			Hill 2010:122	no info	2		1		no info	gathered (wild)	all	eaten raw, or boiled, ground and stored as cakes	Southwest Oregon, California	common along streams and in canyon bottoms below 4000 feet	no
Tümpisa Shoshone	Vitis californica	isampu		wild grapes	inheritance	*isawanawa	Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 188 (200:65); this form requires fixing that etymology			same	underived				Dayley 1989:371		2		1		2						no
Wappo	Vitis californica	méhwa		wild grapevine (CHM confirms 52:589)	inheritance		Yukian-Wappo		Elmendorf 1997:80 (Yuki mu7umam (and note Miwok muTe)				underived				Sawyer 1965		2		1		2						no
Washo	Vitis californica	missing			missing								missing						2		1		2						no
Western Mono	Vitis californica	pee'akI		grapes (wild and domestic) (Vitis sp.)	unique							same	underived	probably a complex stem ultimately			Bethel et al.:139	no info	2		1		no info	gathered (wild)	all	grapes in diverse preparations			no
Wintu	Vitis californica	halat		wild grapevine (CHM confirms); also oo-yu'-me, oo-yool'-me 56:123	unique								other complex				Schlichter 1981		2		1		2						no
Yavapai	Vitis californica	missing			missing								missing						2		1		2						no
Yokuts Palewyami	Vitis californica	missing			missing								missing						2		1		2						no
Yokuts Yawdanchi	Vitis californica	so-no'-tis		wild grapevine	inheritance		Nim-Yokuts		Yowl. sono:dip			same	underived	probably complex (Yowl-ip, Yawd -is obviously different elements)			Merriam 58:509		2		1		2						no
Yokuts Yowlumne	Vitis californica	sono:dip		wild grapes (Merriam confirms)	inheritance		Nim-Yokuts			WW	%sonot	same	underived	again, inadequate materials to get a grip on a long-ish form.			Kroeber 1961:219		2		1		2						no
Yuki	Vitis californica	mu7umam (A, F), mu7umam hąyen' (the vine) A		wild grapes, grapevine	inheritance		Yukian-Wappo		Elmendorf 1997:80 (Wappo mehwa) and note Miwok muTe				phrase	mu7u-berry			Sawyer & Schlichter 1984		2		1		2						no
Yuma	Vitis californica	missing			missing								missing						2		1		2						no


Bankalachi Toloim
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Cahuilla
Central Sierra Miwok
Chemehuevi
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Cocopa
Comanche
Cupeño
Esselen
Gabrielino
Iipay 'Aa
Kawaiisu
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Lake Miwok
Luiseño
Maidu
Mojave
Mutsun
Nisenan
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Plains Miwok
Salinan A
Salinan M
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Southern Paiute
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Wappo
Washo
Western Mono
Wintu
Yavapai
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuki
Yuma

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