| Bankalachi Toloim |
Neotoma spp. |
hit'-chit |
|
Wood rat, round-tail (Neotoma spp.) |
loan |
|
|
Yokuts |
Yowlumne hit'-sits (wood.carrier); hit-chit' |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
C. H. Merriam 72-77, 60-451 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Big Smokey Valley Shoshone |
Neotoma spp. |
kaan |
|
rat (M: wood rat, Neotoma (RM) |
inheritance |
*kawa |
Northern Uto-Aztecan |
|
Stubbs 1423 (2008:213) |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Crapo 1976:167 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cahuilla |
Neotoma spp. |
qáwal |
ˈqawal |
rat |
inheritance |
*kawa- |
Northern Uto-Aztecan |
|
S1423 (Stubbs 2009:242) |
|
|
same |
other complex |
qawa-l |
-7aʃ "pet" |
animal is -7ash; the meat is with a meat classifier, usually -sex7a “cooked item” or -wa7 “roasted item” (Seiler 1977:304-5) |
|
Seiler & Hioki 1979:167 |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
unmarried boys could not eat their own small game; they gave it to another family (often the mother's family) (Strong 1929:78) |
no info |
|
hunted |
All |
special stick to dig out of holes; boiled, roasted |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Western US, Northern Mexico |
Diverse habitats |
no |
|
|
|
| Central Sierra Miwok |
Neotoma spp. |
pús:i:na-, púT:e:se- |
|
rat |
unique |
|
Sierra Miwokan only |
|
This looks like the Miss “mouse” word, probably wrong form |
|
|
|
other complex |
-Hna Broadbent 123 |
|
|
|
Freeland & Broadbent 1960 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
Neotoma spp. |
ká·tsI |
|
Wood rat, round-tail (Neotoma) |
inheritance |
*kawa |
Proto-Uto-Aztecan |
|
Stubbs 1423 (2008:242) |
|
|
same |
other complex |
has -ci ABS |
|
|
|
Merriam 59:523 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Barbareno |
Neotoma spp. |
ʧ'iʔ |
|
woodrat |
unique |
|
Central Chumash only |
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Beeler 1978:174 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Ineseno |
Neotoma spp. |
ʧ'iʔ (Merriam kē'-e 55:5) |
|
woodrat |
inheritance |
|
Central Chumash only |
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Applegate 202 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Obispeno |
Neotoma spp. |
tqolo |
|
raton (but cognate w/ C. Chumash rata) |
inheritance |
|
Proto-Chumash |
|
surely a sound-symbolic change |
|
|
|
other complex |
t- |
|
|
|
JPH III:1:119 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Ventureno |
Neotoma spp. |
nakh |
|
woodrat |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 55:39; JPH III:69:0405 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cocopa |
Neotoma spp. |
ɂamíły |
|
wood rat |
inheritance |
|
Proto-Yuman |
|
Kiliwa ?+maql, Yavapai (ɂ)mālka;, 'Iipay Aa ɂemallk; Yuma ah-mi'-ĕk?? |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Crawford 1989 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Comanche |
Neotoma spp. |
kaa |
|
rat |
inheritance |
*kawa |
Northern Uto-Aztecan |
|
Stubbs 1423 (2008:213) |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Rejon 1995:40 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
Neotoma spp. |
kawel |
ˈkawal |
woodrat |
inheritance |
*kawa- |
Northern Uto-Aztecan |
|
S1423 (Stubbs 2009:242) |
|
|
same |
other complex |
ˈkawa-l woodrat-npn |
-ʔaʃ "pet" |
possessive classifier for animals |
|
Hill & Nolasquez 1973:157 |
no info |
2 |
part of the game caught by baby culture hero |
1 |
su'cham, kawlam, the prototypical food source |
no info |
|
hunted |
men |
special stick for digging out of burrows; diverse preparations |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Western U.S. |
diverse habitats |
no |
|
|
|
| Esselen |
Neotoma spp. |
makel (Henshaw) |
|
rat |
loan |
|
|
Salinan |
make/il in both SA, SM |
|
|
|
underived |
ends in -l but so does Salinan form so perhaps not countable as suffix |
|
|
|
Turner & Shaul 1981:120 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
Neotoma spp. |
xa:r |
xa:r |
rata |
inheritance |
*kawa- |
Northern Uto-Aztecan |
|
Kitanemuk kachr; S1423 (Stubbs 2009:242) |
|
|
same |
other complex |
xa:-r rat-npn |
-ʔaʧ "pet" |
possessive classifier for animals |
|
Harrington 502 |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
McC p. 116 |
no info |
|
hunted |
men |
roasted, boiled, bones ground |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Western U.S., northern Mexico |
Diverse habitats |
no |
|
|
|
| Iipay 'Aa |
Neotoma spp. |
ɂemallk |
|
woodrat |
inheritance |
|
Proto-Yuman |
|
Kiliwa ?+maql, Yavapai (ɂ)mālka, Yuma ah-mi'-ĕk |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Couro & Hutcheson 1973 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
Neotoma spp. |
kaa-zi |
|
woodrat |
inheritance |
*kawa |
Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan |
|
Stubbs 1423 (2008:242) |
|
|
broader (also beavers) |
other complex |
kawa-zi rat-ABS |
|
|
|
Zigmond et al. |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kiliwa |
Neotoma spp. |
?+maql |
|
rat (Neotoma) |
inheritance |
|
Proto-Yuman |
|
Iipay Aa ɂemallk; Yavapai (ɂ)mālka |
|
|
same |
other complex |
? dummy.nominal.element + rat |
|
|
|
Mixco 1985 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
Neotoma spp. |
kač |
ˈkaʧr |
rat |
inheritance |
*kawa- |
Northern Uto-Aztecan |
|
S1423 (Stubbs 2009:242) |
|
|
same |
other complex |
ka-ʧr rat-npn |
-ʔacit "pet" |
possessive classifier for animals |
|
Anderton 1988:339 |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
|
no info |
|
hunted |
men |
roasted, boiled, bones ground, diverse preparations |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Western U.S., northern Mexico |
Diverse habitats |
no |
|
|
|
| Lake Miwok |
Neotoma spp. |
jullu |
|
woodrat |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Callaghan 1965 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
Neotoma spp. |
qáwla |
ʹqawla |
woodrat |
inheritance |
*kawa- |
Northern Uto-Aztecan |
|
S1423 (Stubbs 2009:242) |
|
|
same |
other complex |
ʹqaw-la woodrat-non.possessed.noun |
|
|
|
Elliott 1999:798 |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
“much liked” Sparkman 1908:198) |
no info |
|
hunted |
men |
roasted, boiled |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Western U.S., northern Mexico |
diverse habitats |
no |
|
|
|
| Maidu |
Neotoma spp. |
7óm sàpa |
|
woodrat |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
phrase |
rock X |
|
|
|
Shipley 1963 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Mojave |
Neotoma spp. |
ɂavee; oh hool' yä Merriam 55:136 |
|
rat , mouse |
semantic shift |
|
Colorado River Yuman |
|
This is 7ave. “mouse” in Maricopa, Yuma; Yuma has kwa.shtam7u.ki/nyk “woodrat” |
|
|
broader (small rodent not squirrel) |
underived |
|
a woodrat clan |
|
|
Munro et al.1992 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Mutsun |
Neotoma spp. |
hire; |
|
rat (Merriam confirms round-tail wood rat Merriam 55:405) |
inheritance |
|
Costanoan |
|
Pinart has in Co II, III, IV |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Okrand 1977:146; Mason 1916:428 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Nisenan |
Neotoma spp. |
wat'i |
|
rat |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Uldall & Shipley 1966 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
Neotoma spp. |
kawa |
|
Packrat (M: Wood rat, roundtail (Neotoma) |
inheritance |
*kawa |
Northern Uto-Aztecan |
|
Stubbs 1423 (2008:213) |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Yerington Dictionary |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Northern Sierra Miwok |
Neotoma spp. |
lol:ok-u- |
|
long-tailed rat, woodrat |
inheritance |
|
Eastern Miwokan |
|
In Miss, Mip |
|
|
|
other complex |
-u nominalizer |
|
|
|
Callaghan 1987 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Plains Miwok |
Neotoma spp. |
lol:okoh |
|
woodrat |
inheritance |
|
Eastern Miwokan |
|
In Mins, Miss, Mip |
|
|
|
reduplicated |
|
|
|
|
Callaghan 1984 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Salinan A |
Neotoma spp. |
mákiL |
|
rat (Merriam 55:369 confirms round-tailed woodrat) |
unique |
|
Salinan |
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Mason 1918:123 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Salinan M |
Neotoma spp. |
mákel; |
|
rat (Merriam 55:369 confirms round-tailed woodrat) |
unique |
|
Salinan |
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Mason 1918:123 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Seri (Comcaac) |
Neotoma spp. |
xpos |
|
packrat, white-throated woodrat (Neotoma albigula) |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Comcaac Dictionary 599 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Serrano |
Neotoma spp. |
qar:-T |
|
rat, woodrat |
inheritance |
*kawa- |
Northern Uto-Aztecan |
|
S1423 (Stubbs 2009:242) |
|
|
|
other complex |
-t NPN |
|
|
|
KCHill ms 2001:49 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
Neotoma spp. |
qa:tsI |
|
Round-tail woodrat (Neotoma) |
inheritance |
*kawa |
Proto-Uto-Aztecan |
|
Stubbs 1423 (2008:242) |
|
|
same |
other complex |
has -tsi ABS |
|
|
|
Sapir 1930:627 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Sierra Miwok |
Neotoma spp. |
lol:ok- |
|
wood rat |
inheritance |
|
Eastern Miwokan |
|
In Mins, Mip |
|
|
|
reduplicated |
|
|
|
|
Broadbent 1964: |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
Neotoma spp. |
káac?ą-cI |
|
pack-rat, gopher |
inheritance |
*kawa |
Uto-Aztecan |
|
Stubbs 1983 (2008:275) |
|
|
broader (includes gophers?) |
other complex |
has -ci ABS |
|
|
|
Givon 1979 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Tübatulabal |
Neotoma spp. |
hawal |
haˈwal |
woodrat |
inheritance |
*kawa- |
Northern Uto-Aztecan |
|
S1423 (Stubbs 2009:242) |
|
|
same |
other complex |
haˈwa-l woodrat-npn |
|
|
|
Hill 2010:22 |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
|
no info |
|
hunted |
men |
roasted on coals, bones ground |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Western U.S., northern Mexico |
Diverse habitats |
no |
|
|
|
| Tümpisa Shoshone |
Neotoma spp. |
kawan |
|
rat |
inheritance |
*kawa |
Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan |
|
Stubbs 1423 (2008:213) |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Dayley 1989:49 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Wappo |
Neotoma spp. |
7óhka |
|
rat, woodrat (CHM confirms) |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Sawyer 1965 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Washo |
Neotoma spp. |
páša |
|
wood rat |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
WPD |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
Neotoma spp. |
qawa, xawa |
|
woodrat |
inheritance |
*kawa |
Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan |
|
Stubbs 1423 (2008:213) |
|
|
same (centers on packrat) |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Bethel et al.:165 |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
|
no info |
|
hunted |
men |
no info |
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Wintu |
Neotoma spp. |
Lomus |
|
packrat, woodrat, edible mountain rat (CHM confirms) |
inheritance |
*Lom |
Wintun |
|
Shepherd 2005:122; in Nomlaki, Patwin is “fisher” |
|
|
|
other complex |
given harmonizing vowel I think this is -Vs derivation |
|
|
|
Pitkin 1985 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yavapai |
Neotoma spp. |
(ɂ)mālka |
|
wood rat |
inheritance |
|
Proto-Yuman |
|
Kiliwa ?+maql, 'Iipay Aa ɂemallk |
|
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
Shaterian 1983 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Palewyami |
Neotoma spp. |
hoo'-mutch'-e, hoo'-mut-che |
|
round-tail wood rat |
inheritance |
|
Yokutsan |
|
widespread form, not universal; note Yawd domòdumutc |
|
|
same |
reduplicated |
basically dumu-ch (perhaps agentive suffix); Yowl form means “gathers wood” but is not the same verb |
|
|
|
Merriam 58:519 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Yawdanchi |
Neotoma spp. |
domòdumutc |
|
wood rat (Merriam confirms 58:359) |
inheritance |
|
Nim-Yokuts |
|
Yawd, Wik, Michahay, Tachi |
|
|
same |
reduplicated |
|
|
|
|
Kroeber 1961:201 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Yowlumne |
Neotoma spp. |
hitsits, hidsic' |
hidsic' N 164 |
woodrat |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
same |
other complex |
*hide:s “gather wood” plus -ic' |
|
|
|
Kroeber 1961:201 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yuki |
Neotoma spp. |
naw-che'-um WHO |
|
wood rat |
inheritance |
*nawč |
Yukian |
|
Schlichter 1985 |
|
|
|
other complex |
-am derives nouns |
|
|
|
Sawyer & Schlichter 1984 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yuma |
Neotoma spp. |
ah-mi'-ĕk |
|
Wood rat, round-tail (Neotoma) |
inheritance |
|
Proto-Yuman |
|
Kiliwa ?+maql, Yavapai (ɂ)mālka;, 'Iipay Aa ɂemallk; Resemblant Cocopa ɂamíły?? |
|
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 61:453 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
