Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

blackberry

Semantic Field
flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
Meaning Portuguese

Languages

Language Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes
Bankalachi Toloim Rubus ursinus missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 0 no
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone Rubus ursinus tuu-ppihtyn pokwai-mpih wild blacberry, black currant berry inheritance *pokoN Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 183 (2008:65) broader (several kinds of berries, apparently, at least for modern speakers) other complex has -pi ABS Crapo 1976:110 2 1 2 0 0 no
Cahuilla Rubus ursinus píklʸam ˈpikʎam strawberry, any kind of berries inheritance *pikwa- Takic S182 (Stubbs 2009:64); I don't like Stubbs' Chemehuevi form pipikura, probably a loan broader (this is a generic for “berry”) other complex Bean & Saubel 1972:134 give pikw-lya-m, which I heard Saubel say too. -m is plural suffix. -7ay-'a "picking-possessed.noun" -7ay-'a "picking-possessed.noun" (probably; this is classifier for fresh fruits plucked from plant) Seiler&Hioki 1979:152 no info 2 1 usually eaten fresh, but dried berries also used 1 roots boiled into tea for mild diarrhea gathered (wild) women dried berries boiled in a small quantity of water (to rehydrate?) Occasionally half-ripe berries soaked in water to make beverage 0 0 Western North America Upper Sonoran and transitional life-zones no
Central Sierra Miwok Rubus ursinus missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 0 no
Chemehuevi Rubus ursinus missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 0 no
Chumash Barbareno Rubus ursinus tɨq'ɨtɨq' Rubus ursinus, California blackberry inheritance Central Chumash only also in Ineseno reduplicated Timbrook 2007:174, Beeler 1978 2 1 2 0 0 no
Chumash Ineseno Rubus ursinus tɨqɨtɨq Rubus ursinus, California blackberry unique reduplicated Timbrook 2007:174 2 1 2 0 0 no
Chumash Obispeno Rubus ursinus tqajhuqa moras, wild blackberries unique other complex t-; might be phrase Harrington III:1:0263 2 1 2 0 0 no
Chumash Ventureno Rubus ursinus tɨhɨ California blackberry, Rubus ursinus unique loan? Ineseno tɨqɨtɨq underived Timbrook 2007:174 2 1 2 0 0 no
Cocopa Rubus ursinus missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 0 no
Comanche Rubus ursinus panatsayaa? blackberry bush, raspberry bush unique broader (diverse berries) underived obviously complex but no help in R&A Robinson & Armagost 1990:166 2 1 2 0 0 no
Cupeño Rubus ursinus pipily ˈpipiʎ strawberry inheritance *pi(kwa-) Takic S182 (Stubbs 2009:64); assignment perhaps dubious. I don't like Stubbs' Chemehuevi form pipikura, probably a loan, but it does show the reduplication. Cu has lost the second syllable. Resembles the Numic -pi “fruit of” classifier broader (includes diverse fruits of this blackberry/raspberry type) other complex ˈpipi-ʎ berry-npn Hill & Nolasquez 1973:168 no info 2 1 no info gathered (wild) women and children eaten ripe, or dried and stored 0 0 western North America foothills, transitional zones no
Esselen Rubus ursinus missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 0 no
Gabrielino Rubus ursinus pikwa:r piˈkʷa:r mora, wild blackberry inheritance *pi(kwa-) Takic S182 (Stubbs 2009:64); broader (for all of these kinds of berries) other complex piˈkʷa:-r berry-npn -hi:n classifier for worthwhile possessions Harrington165, 548 no info 2 a Chingichngish plant (Harrington 1978:133); 1 no info gathered (wild but closely managed) women and children eaten fresh or ground and preserved 0 0 Western North America foothills, uplands no
Iipay 'Aa Rubus ursinus missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 0 no
Kawaiisu Rubus ursinus pah-hō'-pe Blackberry inheritance *hup/*hu'up Proto-Numic Stubbs 186 (for diverse red berries) (2008:65) same phrase pah-hō'-pe pa-huu-pi big-berry-ABS Merriam 59:381 2 1 2 0 0 no
Kiliwa Rubus ursinus missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 0 no
Kitanemuk Rubus ursinus pikwač ˈpikwaʧr California blackberry inheritance *pi(kwa-) Takic S182 (Stubbs 2009:64); broader (plant and berries, other berries of this general type) other complex ˈpikwa-ʧr berry-npn -niw possessive classifier for things Anderton 1988:471 no info 2 1 berry eaten raw 1 tea from root for “clapp” gathered (wild) women brew tea from root 0 0 Western North America foothills, uplands no
Lake Miwok Rubus ursinus jáwe blackberry (Merriam confirms 57:535) unique underived Callaghan 1965 2 1 2 0 0 no
Luiseño Rubus ursinus píkwla ʹpikʷla blackberry, raspberry inheritance *pikwa- Takic S182 (Stubbs 2009:64); I don't like Stubbs' Chemehuevi form pipikura, probably a loan broader (than Rubus ursinus --includes other berries -- but does NOT have range of English “berry”) other complex ʹpikʷ-la berry.spp-non.possessed.noun Elliott 1999 718 no info 2 couplet: 'ushla, pikwla; a Chingichngish plant (Harrington 1978:133);“sting for chingichngish” (Kroeber 1925:679) 1 not important as “grow but sparingly” (Sparkman 1908:195) no info gathered (wild) women and children eaten fresh, dried and stored 0 0 Western North America foothills, uplands no
Maidu Rubus ursinus síwsìwpem húlup'ìt'i blackberry unique neologistic loan translation? phrase black berry Shipley 1963 2 1 2 0 0 no
Mojave Rubus ursinus missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 0 no
Mutsun Rubus ursinus 7e:nena berry sp.( Mason 1916:429 confirms blackberries; Merriam 55:421 confirms) inheritance Utian Note Eastern Miwokan *7in:an “berry sp.”, this probably Utian, perhaps a loan reduplicated from {7e:nan} Okrand 1977:130 2 1 2 0 0 no
Nisenan Rubus ursinus 7enna:n blackberry loan Miwok Mie form; note Mutsun 7e:nena -- Utian? underived Uldall & Shipley 1966 2 1 2 0 0 no
Northern Paiute Rubus ursinus missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 0 no
Northern Sierra Miwok Rubus ursinus 7in:ani- blackberry CHM nuk-koo-mi-u, luk-kum-mi-e 57:407) inheritance Eastern Miwokan In Mip underived Callaghan 1987 2 1 2 0 0 no
Plains Miwok Rubus ursinus 7in:an blackberry inheritance Eastern Miwokan In Mins, Mics; note Mutsun 7e:nena -- Utian? underived Callaghan 1984 2 1 2 0 0 no
Salinan A Rubus ursinus spo'-nin Blackberry (Rubus vitifolius) unique Salinan underived Merriam 55:387 2 1 2 0 0 no
Salinan M Rubus ursinus elpónə blackberries (Merriam confirms 55:387) unique Salinan underived Mason 1918:129 2 1 2 0 0 no
Seri (Comcaac) Rubus ursinus missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 0 no
Serrano Rubus ursinus pikwa-T berry, blackberry (CHM confirms 60:115) inheritance *pi(kwa-) Takic S182 (Stubbds 2009:64) other complex -t NPN KCHill ms 2001:43 2 1 2 0 0 no
Southern Paiute Rubus ursinus missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 0 no
Southern Sierra Miwok Rubus ursinus mamla- blackberry loan Yokuts Yowlumne mah-me, mah'-mil “blackberry” (also in Yawdanchi, Chukchansi) WW %mam underived Broadbent 1964: 2 1 2 0 0 no
Southern Ute Rubus ursinus missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 0 no
Tübatulabal Rubus ursinus mah'-mil 72-819, 60-503 ma:ˈmil (?) Blackberry loan Yokuts Note Southern Sierra Miwok mamlant “blackberry” where other E. Miwok have inani (or something like that) WW %mam same other complex ma:ˈmi-l blackberry-npn http://www.archive.org/stream/bancroft_chartmerriam_1556_60#page/n479/mode/2up; p. 503 no info 2 1 no info gathered (wild) all eaten raw, or boiled, ground and stored as cakes 0 0 Western North America foothills, uplands no
Tümpisa Shoshone Rubus ursinus mah'-mil 60:503, 72:819 loan Tübatulabal WW %mam missing 2 1 2 0 0 no
Wappo Rubus ursinus tse'-tsow wo'-ko blackberry (R. vitifolius) unique phrase elements unknown Merriam 52:583 2 1 2 0 0 no
Washo Rubus ursinus shŭ-wet'-tuk' Blackberry unique phrase elements unknown Merriam 55:317 2 1 2 0 0 no
Western Mono Rubus ursinus moonoi blackberries (local name) (possible twinberries, Lonicera involucrata) unique same unknown simplex Bethel et al.:77 2 1 2 0 0 no
Wintu Rubus ursinus 7im blackberry inheritance *7im(il) Wintun Shepherd 2005; Berman compares to Molala 7i:m “huckleberries” underived Pitkin 1985 2 1 2 0 0 no
Yavapai Rubus ursinus missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 0 no
Yokuts Palewyami Rubus ursinus missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 0 no
Yokuts Yawdanchi Rubus ursinus mah'-min blackberry, Rubus ursinus (Merriam confirms 58:377) inheritance Nim-Yokuts In Chukchansi, Yowlumne WW %mam broader (probably for any berry) unknown Merriam 58:503 2 1 2 0 0 no
Yokuts Yowlumne Rubus ursinus mah-me, mah'-mil blackberry (Rubus ursinus) inheritance Nim-Yokuts In Chukchansi, Yawdanchi WW %mam broader (probably for any berry) underived the final -il appears on other forms and might be an affix but I think it's just an epenthetic vowel i with a final /l/ on the root Merriam 58:567 2 1 2 0 0 no
Yuki Rubus ursinus k'a:le mam F blackberry inheritance *k'alimam Yukian Schlichter 1985; -mam “berry” (Note Nim-Yokuts *mam-l) (Note also Miwokan k'ili “thorn” (approx)) WW %mam compound thorn berry; contains word for “wild rose/thorn”, *-mam “berry” (Elmendorf 1993) Sawyer & Schlichter 1984 2 1 2 0 0 no
Yuma Rubus ursinus missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 0 no