Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

blackberry

Semantic Field: flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
Meaning Portuguese

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Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Hypernym	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	Medicinal Notes	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Psychotropic Notes	Traded	Trade Notes	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous	Ethnobiology Notes	Species Notes	General Notes

Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	Medicinal Notes	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous
Bankalachi Toloim	Rubus ursinus	missing			missing								missing						2		1		2							no
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	Rubus ursinus	tuu-ppihtyn pokwai-mpih		wild blacberry, black currant berry	inheritance	*pokoN	Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 183 (2008:65)			broader (several kinds of berries, apparently, at least for modern speakers)	other complex	has -pi ABS			Crapo 1976:110		2		1		2							no
Cahuilla	Rubus ursinus	píklʸam	ˈpikʎam	strawberry, any kind of berries	inheritance	*pikwa-	Takic		S182 (Stubbs 2009:64); I don't like Stubbs' Chemehuevi form pipikura, probably a loan			broader (this is a generic for “berry”)	other complex	Bean & Saubel 1972:134 give pikw-lya-m, which I heard Saubel say too. -m is plural suffix.	-7ay-'a "picking-possessed.noun"	-7ay-'a "picking-possessed.noun" (probably; this is classifier for fresh fruits plucked from plant)	Seiler&Hioki 1979:152	no info	2		1	usually eaten fresh, but dried berries also used	1	roots boiled into tea for mild diarrhea	gathered (wild)	women	dried berries boiled in a small quantity of water (to rehydrate?) Occasionally half-ripe berries soaked in water to make beverage	Western North America	Upper Sonoran and transitional life-zones	no
Central Sierra Miwok	Rubus ursinus	missing			missing								missing						2		1		2							no
Chemehuevi	Rubus ursinus	missing			missing								missing						2		1		2							no
Chumash Barbareno	Rubus ursinus	tɨq'ɨtɨq'		Rubus ursinus, California blackberry	inheritance		Central Chumash only		also in Ineseno				reduplicated				Timbrook 2007:174, Beeler 1978		2		1		2							no
Chumash Ineseno	Rubus ursinus	tɨqɨtɨq		Rubus ursinus, California blackberry	unique								reduplicated				Timbrook 2007:174		2		1		2							no
Chumash Obispeno	Rubus ursinus	tqajhuqa		moras, wild blackberries	unique								other complex	t-; might be phrase			Harrington III:1:0263		2		1		2							no
Chumash Ventureno	Rubus ursinus	tɨhɨ		California blackberry, Rubus ursinus	unique				loan? Ineseno tɨqɨtɨq				underived				Timbrook 2007:174		2		1		2							no
Cocopa	Rubus ursinus	missing			missing								missing						2		1		2							no
Comanche	Rubus ursinus	panatsayaa?		blackberry bush, raspberry bush	unique							broader (diverse berries)	underived	obviously complex but no help in R&A			Robinson & Armagost 1990:166		2		1		2							no
Cupeño	Rubus ursinus	pipily	ˈpipiʎ	strawberry	inheritance	*pi(kwa-)	Takic		S182 (Stubbs 2009:64); assignment perhaps dubious. I don't like Stubbs' Chemehuevi form pipikura, probably a loan, but it does show the reduplication. Cu has lost the second syllable. Resembles the Numic -pi “fruit of” classifier			broader (includes diverse fruits of this blackberry/raspberry type)	other complex	ˈpipi-ʎ berry-npn			Hill & Nolasquez 1973:168	no info	2		1		no info		gathered (wild)	women and children	eaten ripe, or dried and stored	western North America	foothills, transitional zones	no
Esselen	Rubus ursinus	missing			missing								missing						2		1		2							no
Gabrielino	Rubus ursinus	pikwa:r	piˈkʷa:r	mora, wild blackberry	inheritance	*pi(kwa-)	Takic		S182 (Stubbs 2009:64);			broader (for all of these kinds of berries)	other complex	piˈkʷa:-r berry-npn	-hi:n	classifier for worthwhile possessions	Harrington165, 548	no info	2	a Chingichngish plant (Harrington 1978:133);	1		no info		gathered (wild but closely managed)	women and children	eaten fresh or ground and preserved	Western North America	foothills, uplands	no
Iipay 'Aa	Rubus ursinus	missing			missing								missing						2		1		2							no
Kawaiisu	Rubus ursinus	pah-hō'-pe		Blackberry	inheritance	hup/hu'up	Proto-Numic		Stubbs 186 (for diverse red berries) (2008:65)			same	phrase	pah-hō'-pe pa-huu-pi big-berry-ABS			Merriam 59:381		2		1		2							no
Kiliwa	Rubus ursinus	missing			missing								missing						2		1		2							no
Kitanemuk	Rubus ursinus	pikwač	ˈpikwaʧr	California blackberry	inheritance	*pi(kwa-)	Takic		S182 (Stubbs 2009:64);			broader (plant and berries, other berries of this general type)	other complex	ˈpikwa-ʧr berry-npn	-niw	possessive classifier for things	Anderton 1988:471	no info	2		1	berry eaten raw	1	tea from root for “clapp”	gathered (wild)	women	brew tea from root	Western North America	foothills, uplands	no
Lake Miwok	Rubus ursinus	jáwe		blackberry (Merriam confirms 57:535)	unique								underived				Callaghan 1965		2		1		2							no
Luiseño	Rubus ursinus	píkwla	ʹpikʷla	blackberry, raspberry	inheritance	*pikwa-	Takic		S182 (Stubbs 2009:64); I don't like Stubbs' Chemehuevi form pipikura, probably a loan			broader (than Rubus ursinus --includes other berries -- but does NOT have range of English “berry”)	other complex	ʹpikʷ-la berry.spp-non.possessed.noun			Elliott 1999 718	no info	2	couplet: 'ushla, pikwla; a Chingichngish plant (Harrington 1978:133);“sting for chingichngish” (Kroeber 1925:679)	1	not important as “grow but sparingly” (Sparkman 1908:195)	no info		gathered (wild)	women and children	eaten fresh, dried and stored	Western North America	foothills, uplands	no
Maidu	Rubus ursinus	síwsìwpem húlup'ìt'i		blackberry	unique				neologistic loan translation?				phrase	black berry			Shipley 1963		2		1		2							no
Mojave	Rubus ursinus	missing			missing								missing						2		1		2							no
Mutsun	Rubus ursinus	7e:nena		berry sp.( Mason 1916:429 confirms blackberries; Merriam 55:421 confirms)	inheritance		Utian		Note Eastern Miwokan *7in:an “berry sp.”, this probably Utian, perhaps a loan				reduplicated	from {7e:nan}			Okrand 1977:130		2		1		2							no
Nisenan	Rubus ursinus	7enna:n		blackberry	loan			Miwok	Mie form; note Mutsun 7e:nena -- Utian?				underived				Uldall & Shipley 1966		2		1		2							no
Northern Paiute	Rubus ursinus	missing			missing								missing						2		1		2							no
Northern Sierra Miwok	Rubus ursinus	7in:ani-		blackberry CHM nuk-koo-mi-u, luk-kum-mi-e 57:407)	inheritance		Eastern Miwokan		In Mip				underived				Callaghan 1987		2		1		2							no
Plains Miwok	Rubus ursinus	7in:an		blackberry	inheritance		Eastern Miwokan		In Mins, Mics; note Mutsun 7e:nena -- Utian?				underived				Callaghan 1984		2		1		2							no
Salinan A	Rubus ursinus	spo'-nin		Blackberry (Rubus vitifolius)	unique		Salinan						underived				Merriam 55:387		2		1		2							no
Salinan M	Rubus ursinus	elpónə		blackberries (Merriam confirms 55:387)	unique		Salinan						underived				Mason 1918:129		2		1		2							no
Seri (Comcaac)	Rubus ursinus	missing			missing								missing						2		1		2							no
Serrano	Rubus ursinus	pikwa-T		berry, blackberry (CHM confirms 60:115)	inheritance	*pi(kwa-)	Takic		S182 (Stubbds 2009:64)				other complex	-t NPN			KCHill ms 2001:43		2		1		2							no
Southern Paiute	Rubus ursinus	missing			missing								missing						2		1		2							no
Southern Sierra Miwok	Rubus ursinus	mamla-		blackberry	loan			Yokuts	Yowlumne mah-me, mah'-mil “blackberry” (also in Yawdanchi, Chukchansi)	WW	%mam		underived				Broadbent 1964:		2		1		2							no
Southern Ute	Rubus ursinus	missing			missing								missing						2		1		2							no
Tübatulabal	Rubus ursinus	mah'-mil 72-819, 60-503	ma:ˈmil (?)	Blackberry	loan			Yokuts	Note Southern Sierra Miwok mamlant “blackberry” where other E. Miwok have inani (or something like that)	WW	%mam	same	other complex	ma:ˈmi-l blackberry-npn			http://www.archive.org/stream/bancroft_chartmerriam_1556_60#page/n479/mode/2up; p. 503	no info	2		1		no info		gathered (wild)	all	eaten raw, or boiled, ground and stored as cakes	Western North America	foothills, uplands	no
Tümpisa Shoshone	Rubus ursinus	mah'-mil 60:503, 72:819			loan			Tübatulabal		WW	%mam		missing						2		1		2							no
Wappo	Rubus ursinus	tse'-tsow wo'-ko		blackberry (R. vitifolius)	unique								phrase	elements unknown			Merriam 52:583		2		1		2							no
Washo	Rubus ursinus	shŭ-wet'-tuk'		Blackberry	unique								phrase	elements unknown			Merriam 55:317		2		1		2							no
Western Mono	Rubus ursinus	moonoi		blackberries (local name) (possible twinberries, Lonicera involucrata)	unique							same	unknown	simplex			Bethel et al.:77		2		1		2							no
Wintu	Rubus ursinus	7im		blackberry	inheritance	*7im(il)	Wintun		Shepherd 2005; Berman compares to Molala 7i:m “huckleberries”				underived				Pitkin 1985		2		1		2							no
Yavapai	Rubus ursinus	missing			missing								missing						2		1		2							no
Yokuts Palewyami	Rubus ursinus	missing			missing								missing						2		1		2							no
Yokuts Yawdanchi	Rubus ursinus	mah'-min		blackberry, Rubus ursinus (Merriam confirms 58:377)	inheritance		Nim-Yokuts		In Chukchansi, Yowlumne	WW	%mam	broader (probably for any berry)	unknown				Merriam 58:503		2		1		2							no
Yokuts Yowlumne	Rubus ursinus	mah-me, mah'-mil		blackberry (Rubus ursinus)	inheritance		Nim-Yokuts		In Chukchansi, Yawdanchi	WW	%mam	broader (probably for any berry)	underived	the final -il appears on other forms and might be an affix but I think it's just an epenthetic vowel i with a final /l/ on the root			Merriam 58:567		2		1		2							no
Yuki	Rubus ursinus	k'a:le mam F		blackberry	inheritance	*k'alimam	Yukian		Schlichter 1985; -mam “berry” (Note Nim-Yokuts *mam-l) (Note also Miwokan k'ili “thorn” (approx))	WW	%mam		compound	thorn berry; contains word for “wild rose/thorn”, *-mam “berry” (Elmendorf 1993)			Sawyer & Schlichter 1984		2		1		2							no
Yuma	Rubus ursinus	missing			missing								missing						2		1		2							no


Bankalachi Toloim
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Cahuilla
Central Sierra Miwok
Chemehuevi
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Cocopa
Comanche
Cupeño
Esselen
Gabrielino
Iipay 'Aa
Kawaiisu
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Lake Miwok
Luiseño
Maidu
Mojave
Mutsun
Nisenan
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Plains Miwok
Salinan A
Salinan M
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Southern Paiute
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Wappo
Washo
Western Mono
Wintu
Yavapai
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuki
Yuma

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