Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

bobcat, lynx

Semantic Field
flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
Meaning Portuguese

Languages

Language Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes
Bankalachi Toloim Lynx rufus too'-nul Bobcat, Lynx (Lynx rufus) loan Yokuts Proto-NimYokuts *t'ungul (Golla 1964:66); this is a very widespread loan but clearly is in Proto-Yokutsan (check Nichols) WW %talom same underived C. H. Merriam 72-77, 60-449 1 2 0 0 0 no
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone Lynx rufus tukku-ppiccih bobcat (M: Bob-cat (Lynx fasciatus) inheritance *tukkuC Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 1306 (2008:2000) WW %tuku same other complex has -piccih ABS Crapo 1976:112 1 2 0 0 0 no
Cahuilla Lynx rufus túkut ˈtukut wild cat inheritance *tuCkuC- Northern Uto-Aztecan S1306 (Stubbs 2009:200). This is a California Wanderwort; Great Basin forms giving NUA are surely loans. But loan may be early because Hopi has regular vocalism. WW %tuku same other complex tuku-t -'kiʎiw “partner” Possessive classifier -'kiʎiw “partner” (because is moiety animal) (Seiler 1977:306) Seiler & Hioki 1979:219 totem of Wildcat Moiety 1 lineage-associated ritual, enemy songs 2 Only very old people would eat this animal (Strong 1929:77) no info hunted Men skins 0 0 North America Diverse habitats no
Central Sierra Miwok Lynx rufus tol:om:a- lynx inheritance *tol:om:a Miwokan “Pco to:roma “wildcat” is probably a loan from Miwok” (Callaghan 1997:33) WW %talom underived Freeland & Broadbent 1960 1 2 0 0 0 no
Chemehuevi Lynx rufus túkU Bobcat (Lynx californicus CHM) inheritance *tukkuC Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 1306 (2008:200); this is an ancient loan WW %tuku same underived Harrington Chemehuevi Noun List 1 2 0 0 0 no
Chumash Barbareno Lynx rufus ʔanaq-puw wild cat inheritance Central Chumash only Also in Ineseno phrase meaming of elements unknown for lack of dictionary Applegate 61, Beeler 1978:172 1 2 0 0 0 no
Chumash Ineseno Lynx rufus ʔanaq-puw wild cat inheritance Central Chumash only Also in Barbareno phrase but unanalyzable Applegate 61 1 2 0 0 0 no
Chumash Obispeno Lynx rufus štoLk'ómo gato montes unique phrase elements unanalyzable JPH III:1:118 1 2 0 0 0 no
Chumash Ventureno Lynx rufus 7aLxa7i small gato montes unique also 7al7ap'aLpai “big gato montes” JPH other complex 7al- Merriam 55:35; JPH III:69:0403 1 2 0 0 0 no
Cocopa Lynx rufus nymi bobcat inheritance *nymi- Proto-Yuman Langdon 1979:638 LION, Mixco 1978:91 same underived Crawford 1989 1 2 0 0 0 no
Comanche Lynx rufus tɨe tɨmakupa? wildcat, bobcat unique same phrase small cougar Robinson & Armagost 1990:161, 162 1 2 0 0 0 no
Cupeño Lynx rufus tukut ʹtukut wildcat inheritance *tuCkuC- Northern Uto-Aztecan S1306 (Stubbs 2009:200). This is a California Wanderwort; Great Basin forms giving NUA are surely loans. But loan may be early because Hopi has regular vocalism. WW %tuku same other complex tuku-t wildcat-npn -ʔaʃ "pet" possessive classifier for animals Hill & Nolasquez 1973:176 totem of Wildcat Moiety (the junior moiety) 1 ceremonial couplet tukwet, temevish (H&N p. 80 2 “no taboo on eating flesh of moiety animal” (Strong 1929:235) no info hunted men skins for quivers 0 0 North America diverse habitats no
Esselen Lynx rufus toloma wildcat loan Costanoan nearly identical forms in Costanoan, Miwokan WW %talom underived Shaul 1995:227 1 2 0 0 0 no
Gabrielino Lynx rufus tuku:t tuˈku:t gato montes inheritance *tuCkuC- Northern Uto-Aztecan S1306 (Stubbs 2009:200). This is a California Wanderwort; Great Basin forms giving NUA are surely loans. But loan may be early because Hopi has regular vocalism. WW %tuku same other complex tuˈku:-t wildcat-npn -ʔaʧ "pet" possessive classifier for animals Harrington 289 totem animal of Wildcat Moiety (McC p. 113) 1 2 not mentioned in any listsof what was eaten McC p. 116; no info hunted men mainly for hide 0 0 hides often trade North America Diverse habitats no
Iipay 'Aa Lynx rufus nyemii bobcat inheritance *nymi- Proto-Yuman Langdon 1979:638 LION, Mixco 1978:91 same underived Couro & Hutcheson 1973 1 2 0 0 0 no
Kawaiisu Lynx rufus tuku-ci Bobcat inheritance *tukkuC Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 1306 (2008:200); this is an ancient loan WW %tuku same other complex tuku-ci wildcat-ABS Zigmond et al. 287 1 2 0 0 0 no
Kiliwa Lynx rufus nmi?=pi-y+t-kw+yaq wildcat, bobcat inheritance *nymi- Proto-Yuman Langdon 1979:638 LION same relative clause nmi?=pi-y+t-kw+yaq cat=wilderness+in-REL-lies “wildnerness cat” (a marking reversal) Mixco 1985 1 2 0 0 0 no
Kitanemuk Lynx rufus tukut ˈtukut Bobcat inheritance *tuCkuC- Northern Uto-Aztecan S1306 (Stubbs 2009:200). This is a California Wanderwort; Great Basin forms giving NUA are surely loans. But loan may be early because Hopi has regular vocalism. WW %tuku same other complex ˈtuku-t wildcat-npn (Old Californianism into early stage of NUA) -ʔacit "pet" possessive classifier for animals Anderton 1988:545 no info 1 2 no info hunted men mainly for hide is my guess 0 0 North America Diverse habitats no
Lake Miwok Lynx rufus tóleh wildcat inheritance *tol:o:a/*to:lom:a ? Miwokan Perhaps not really Utian, “Pco to:roma 'wildcat' is probably a loan from Miwok” (Callaghan 1997:33) underived Callaghan 1965 1 2 0 0 0 no
Luiseño Lynx rufus túukut ʹtu:kut wildcat, lynx inheritance *tuCkuC- Northern Uto-Aztecan S1306 (Stubbs 2009:200). This is a California Wanderwort; Great Basin forms giving NUA are surely loans. But loan may be early because Hopi has regular vocalism. WW %tuku same other complex ʹtu:ku-t wildcat-non.possessed.noun Elliott 1999:1000 no info 1 2 all other predators proscribed, probably this one too no hunted men skin used for quiver (Harrington 1978:155) 0 0 North America diverse habitats no
Maidu Lynx rufus 7ínsepi wildcat unique other complex -i is stem former Shipley 1963 1 2 0 0 0 no
Mojave Lynx rufus nuume wildcat inheritance *nymi- Proto-Yuman Langdon 1979:638 LION, Mixco 1978:91; Yuma name/ Halpern 1:30 same underived Munro et al.1992 1 2 0 0 0 no
Mutsun Lynx rufus toroma wild-cat inheritance *tol:om:a/*to:lom:a ? Utian Callaghan 1988:60; some Co forms may be loans; Possibly Yok-Utian callaghan 1997:33 WW %talom reduplicated from [toram]? Mason 1916:428 1 2 0 0 0 no
Nisenan Lynx rufus too'-loo-koo bobcat loan Sierra Miwok areal form; Miwokan *tol: ... WW %tuku underived Merriam 57:227 1 2 0 0 0 no
Northern Paiute Lynx rufus toohoo'oo Bob-cat (Lynx californicus) inheritance *tukkuC Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 1306 (2008:200) -- WHY does this language have /h/ from *kk??? Is this a loan? WW %tuku same underived Yerington Dictionary 1 2 0 0 0 no
Northern Sierra Miwok Lynx rufus tol:om:a- wildcat inheritance *tol: ... Miwokan WW %talom underived Callaghan 1987 1 2 0 0 0 no
Plains Miwok Lynx rufus tol:om:a- bobcat inheritance *tol:om:a- Miwokan Possibly Utian, but Callaghan 1997:33 says Pco *to:roma “wildcat” is probably a loan from Miwokan WW %talom underived Callaghan 1984 1 2 0 0 0 no
Salinan A Lynx rufus sam' wildcat unique Salinan underived Mason 1918:124; Turner 1980:87 1 2 0 0 0 no
Salinan M Lynx rufus snam wildcat unique Salinan note n- infixing as in “eagle”. Cute. other complex s- animal prefix (or maybe /n/ infix? Antoniano is sam' Mason 1918:124 1 2 0 0 0 no
Seri (Comcaac) Lynx rufus nop bobcat, Lynx rufus unique Note Proto-Yuman *nymi- same underived Comcaac Dictionary 454 1 2 0 0 0 no
Serrano Lynx rufus tukut bobcat inheritance *tuCkuC- Northern Uto-Aztecan S1306 (Stubbs 2009:200). This is a California Wanderwort; Great Basin forms giving NUA are surely loans. But loan may be early beause Hopi has regular vocalism and Hopi vowel shift definitely before 13th C. WW %tuku other complex -t NPN KCHill ms 2001:57 1 2 0 0 0 no
Southern Paiute Lynx rufus tuqutsI Bobcat (Lynx californicus) inheritance *tukkuC Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 1306 (2008:200); this is an ancient loan WW %tuku same other complex has -tsi ABS Sapir 1930:693 1 2 0 0 0 no
Southern Sierra Miwok Lynx rufus tol:om:a- wildcat inheritance *tol:om:a- Miwokan Costanoan forms “probably a loan from Miwok” (Callaghan 1997:33); if not, Utian. Note Yokutsan **t'ol'an WW %talom underived Broadbent 1964: 1 2 0 0 0 no
Southern Ute Lynx rufus múusa-túku bobcat inheritance *musV-*tukkuC Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 1306 (2008:200); the compound here is unique; *tukkuC is an ancient loan, but *musV is good UA, cf. Nahuatl mistontli, sometimes considered a European loan from mis-mis-mis “kitty-kitty-kitty” in Spanish ??? But if so, would not be cognate in UA! WW %tuku same phrase cat-bobcat-ABS Givon 1979 1 2 0 0 0 no
Tübatulabal Lynx rufus muppippīt mupiˈpi:t wildcat, the one who is without a nose unique Good UA etyma, unique formation (but this epithet used elsewhere for wildcat) same derived mupiˈ-pi:-t nose-deprived.of-npn Hill 2010:49 no info 1 must be significant somehow 2 no info hunted men roasted, pelt for diverse uses 0 0 North America Diverse habitats no
Tümpisa Shoshone Lynx rufus tukkupittsi bobcat, wildcat inheritance *tukkuC Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 1306 (2008:200) WW %tuku same other complex tukkupi-ttsi wildcat-DIM (what is -pi?) Dayley 1989:303 1 2 0 0 0 no
Wappo Lynx rufus pah'-mah-lah bobcat loan Patwin Wintun *p'a ..l ..m-; Salinan Tam'ul, Mutsun tammalah WW %talom underived Merriam 52:563 1 2 0 0 0 no
Washo Lynx rufus dumšé:gɨl bobcat unique phrase elements unknown Merriam 55:297; WPD 1 2 0 0 0 no
Western Mono Lynx rufus tonoowi' bobcat loan Yokuts Proto-NimYokuts *t'ungul (Golla 1964:66); this is a very widespread loan but clearly is in Proto-Yokutsan (check Nichols) WW %talom same derived -wi??? -wi is an old animal classifier, rare in Mono Bethel et al.:234 totem in Pakwihu (II) moiety (Gifford p. 37) 1 2 no info hunted men no info 0 0 no
Wintu Lynx rufus p'aLimet bobcat, lynx inheritance *p'a ..l ..m- Wintun Shepherd 2005; she assumes metathesis in P p'amalay relative clause -met; but p'aLi probably part of a loan word Schlichter 1981 1 2 0 0 0 no
Yavapai Lynx rufus missing missing missing 1 2 0 0 0 no
Yokuts Palewyami Lynx rufus ung-yōk' ongiok (Kroeber 1961:199 Bob-cat unique unique in Kroeber same underived Merriam 58:515 1 2 0 0 0 no
Yokuts Yawdanchi Lynx rufus t'ungod wildcat inheritance *t'onol < **t'ol'an Yokutsan Callaghan 1997:32 (Gamble's reconstruction), note Pmi *tol:o:m:a “wildcat” same underived complex, -god probably separable, but no analysis possible with available sources Kroeber 1961:200 1 2 0 0 0 no
Yokuts Yowlumne Lynx rufus t'unul wildcat inheritance *t'onol < **t'ol'an Yokutsan Callaghan 1997:32 (Gamble's reconstruction), note Pmi *tol:o:m:a “wildcat” WW %talom same underived Kroeber 1961:200 1 2 0 0 0 no
Yuki Lynx rufus >kam'-mĕ-litch> MWO bobcat inheritance *k'amol' Yukian Schlichter 1985 other complex panther--ič 'close,near, similar to” Sawyer & Schlichter 1984 1 2 0 0 0 no
Yuma Lynx rufus nah-mĕ' Bob-cat (Lynx californicus) inheritance *nymi- Proto-Yuman Langdon 1979:638 LION, Mixco 1978:91; Yuma name/ Halpern 1:30 unknown Merriam 61:449 1 2 0 0 0 no