| Bankalachi Toloim |
Aphelocoma californica? |
tri'-tri |
|
California Jay |
loan |
|
|
Yokuts |
Yowlumne ki'-ki; tri'-tri (Merriam); Gashowu tri-tri |
WW |
%chaj |
same |
underived |
obvious reduplication but in Yokuts |
|
|
|
C. H. Merriam 72-77, 60-455 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Big Smokey Valley Shoshone |
Aphelocoma californica? |
), zi'-vitch, chi'-itch (RM)tsai-pittsih |
|
blue jay (M: Woodhouse jay (Aphelocoma) |
loan into protolanguage |
*ca'i |
Northern Uto-Aztecan |
unknown |
a widespread arealism, but Stubbs has for PNUA (2009 (2008:68) |
WW |
%chaj |
same |
other complex |
has -piccih ABS |
|
|
|
Miller 1972:157 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cahuilla |
Aphelocoma californica? |
čáʔiš |
ˈʧaʔiʃ |
bluejay without a crest |
loan into protolanguage |
*cha7i- |
Northern Uto-Aztecan |
unknown |
S209, Central Numic, Chemehuevi, Tubatulabal, Takic, always “blue jay” (Stubbs 2009:68). Note similar words in Yokutsan, Chumash ch'ay' |
WW |
%chaj |
same |
other complex |
ʹʧaɂi (simplex root)-ʃ (non-possessed noun) |
-7aʃ “pet” |
takes possessive classifier -7aʃ (Seiler 1977:305 |
wikikmal |
Seiler&Hioki 1979:75 |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
Jays cache food; owners of trees collected tree caches for human use |
no info |
|
hunted |
All |
roasted, stewed, eggs eaten |
0 |
|
0 |
I have not seen jay feathers mentioned as trade items |
throughout western North America (distributions from Wikipedia unless otherwise noted) |
scrublands, woodlands (Habitats from Wikipedia unless otherwise noted) |
no |
|
|
|
| Central Sierra Miwok |
Aphelocoma californica? |
Tajiš-mu- |
|
bluejay |
loan |
*Tajich |
Sierra Miwokan only |
unknown |
Callaghan 1997:58; Note Proto-General Yokuts *T'ayT'ay |
WW |
%chaj |
|
derived |
-mu- agentive |
|
|
|
Freeland & Broadbent 1960 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
Aphelocoma californica? |
ahng |
ɂá·ŋA JPH |
California jay (Aphelocoma) |
inheritance |
|
Proto-Numic |
|
Stubbs 220 (2008:69); Colorado River Southern Numic; Stubbs 220 (2008:69), but also Yerington anga “Pinyon Jay”! Add to Stubbs. |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 59:527 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Barbareno |
Aphelocoma californica? |
ch'ay' |
|
scrub jay, California Jay |
loan into protolanguage |
|
Central Chumash only |
Yokuts |
very widespread form; loan into Central Chumash at least; note NUA *cha'i Stubbs 209 |
WW |
%chaj |
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Beeler 1978:174 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Ineseno |
Aphelocoma californica? |
chi”; chi'-e |
|
California jay |
loan into protolanguage |
|
Central Chumash only |
Yokuts |
loan into Central Chumash at least |
WW |
%chaj |
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 55:9 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Obispeno |
Aphelocoma californica? |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Ventureno |
Aphelocoma californica? |
chi'-chi' |
|
California jay |
inheritance |
|
Central Chumash only |
|
In Barbareno |
WW |
%chay |
|
reduplicated |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 55:51 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cocopa |
Aphelocoma californica? |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Comanche |
Aphelocoma californica? |
ebihuutsuu? |
|
bluejay, bluebird |
unique |
|
|
|
this has *huttu, but is totally unlike other Shoshone, probably a calque |
|
|
broader (vague as to even genus! -- Aphelocoma? Cyanocitta? Sialia? |
phrase |
blue-bird |
|
|
|
Robinson & Armagost 1990:162 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
Aphelocoma californica? |
cha'ish |
ˈʧaʔiʃ |
bluejay |
loan into protolanguage |
*chaʔi- |
Northern Uto-Aztecan |
unknown |
S209, Central Numic, Tubatulabal, Takic, always “blue jay” (Stubbs 2009:68) and widespread areally, probably originally a California-origin loan |
WW |
%chaj |
same |
other complex |
ˈʧaʔi-ʃ blue.jay-npn |
-ʔaʃ "pet" |
possessive classifier for animals |
mukikmal |
Hill & Nolasquez 1973:152 |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
eggs surely eaten, and acorn caches used |
no info |
|
no info |
no info |
no info |
0 |
|
0 |
|
throughout western North America (distributions from Wikipedia unless otherwise noted) |
scrublands, woodlands (Habitats from Wikipedia unless otherwise noted) |
no |
|
|
|
| Esselen |
Aphelocoma californica? |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
Aphelocoma californica? |
tsi'-e |
ˈʧaʔij (?) |
California jay |
loan into protolanguage |
*chaʔi- |
Northern Uto-Aztecan |
unknown |
Kitanemuk cayca7y “blue jay”; S209, Central Numic, Tubatulabal, Takic, always “blue jay” (Stubbs 2009:68). Note similarity of Yokut, Chumash words. |
WW |
%chaj |
same |
other complex |
ˈʧaʔi-j Jay-npn |
-ʔaʧ "pet" |
possessive classifier for animals |
chi:ya |
http://www.archive.org/stream/bancroft_chartmerriam_1556_60#page/n415/mode/2up; p. 421 |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
all birds eaten (McC 116) |
no info |
|
hunted |
men |
roasted, mainly |
0 |
|
0 |
|
throughout western North America (distributions from Wikipedia unless otherwise noted) |
scrublands, woodlands (Habitats from Wikipedia unless otherwise noted) |
no |
|
|
|
| Iipay 'Aa |
Aphelocoma californica? |
kulashaash |
|
bluejay |
unique |
|
|
|
Note Yavapai čàsčā·sa, aash part might just be “bird” |
|
|
same |
underived |
looks like it might contain the “bird” word etymologically |
|
|
|
Couro & Hutcheson 1973 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
Aphelocoma californica? |
soi'-e-kiz-ză (K); soi-e-jij-jah (P) |
|
California jay |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
same |
other complex |
soyiki-zi jay-ABS |
|
|
|
Merriam 59:367 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kiliwa |
Aphelocoma californica? |
?+suul |
|
Mexican jay |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
same |
other complex |
ɂ- “dummy nominal prefix”, suul only in this form |
|
|
|
Mixco 1985 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
Aphelocoma californica? |
caycaʔy |
ˈʦajʦaʔj |
bird sp: bluish, no crest, harsh scream, seen in oak trees |
loan |
*chaʔi- |
Northern Uto-Aztecan |
Yokuts |
Kitanemuk cayca7y “blue jay”; S209, Central Numic, Tubatulabal, Takic, always “blue jay” (Stubbs 2009:68). Note similarity of Yokuts, Chumash words. I think this reduplicated form is recent Yokutsan loan. |
WW |
%chaj |
same |
reduplicated |
ˈʦajʦaʔ-j dup-jay-npn |
-ʔacit "pet" |
possessive classifier for animals |
wicitat |
Anderton 1988:281 |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
no decent info but everybody ate songbirds and eggs |
no info |
|
hunted |
men |
roasted, boiled, eggs eaten |
0 |
|
0 |
|
throughout western North America (distributions from Wikipedia unless otherwise noted) |
scrublands, woodlands (Habitats from Wikipedia unless otherwise noted) |
no |
|
|
|
| Lake Miwok |
Aphelocoma californica? |
sajíic |
|
mountain bluejay (et) |
loan |
|
|
Kashaya Pomo |
note sw pomo s'ayí jay (1965:120); Proto-Pomo *c'ay(:)yi; Pmiw *$ajiic, Pmis *Tajich; an areal form but in this case probably a recent loan due to high similarity and non-cognacy with Miwokan |
WW |
%chaj |
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Callaghan 1965 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
Aphelocoma californica? |
wí'kas-ma-l |
ʹwiɁkasmal |
blue jay without crest |
inheritance |
*wiCtiki |
Uto-Aztecan |
|
S205, with consonant assimilation *tVk > kVk. (Stubbs 2009:67). The /s/ derivation is unclear. *kasa is a Numic “wing” word. |
|
|
same |
derived |
ʹwiɁka-s-mal; bird-?-diminutive. |
-ʔaʃ "pet" |
possessive classifier; NPN form of noun is ʔaʃla |
7ehéngmay |
Elliott 1999:1047 |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
must have been eaten, but never mentioned. Jays cache food; owners of trees collected tree caches for human use and even felled trees to reach acorns |
no info |
|
no info |
no info |
no info |
0 |
|
0 |
|
throughout western North America (distributions from Wikipedia unless otherwise noted) |
scrublands, woodlands (Habitats from Wikipedia unless otherwise noted) |
no |
|
|
|
| Maidu |
Aphelocoma californica? |
kàjhísky |
|
California bluejay |
loan |
|
|
unknown |
This looks more like the “Crested Jay” k'aj word |
WW |
%kaj |
|
derived |
fly-X |
|
|
|
Shipley 1963 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Mojave |
Aphelocoma californica? |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Mutsun |
Aphelocoma californica? |
saiae; ah'sh-sheet |
|
jays; California jay |
loan |
*saj... |
Utian |
unknown |
Pmiw *$ajiic; but a widespread arealism; Callaghan thinks the similar Mil word is Kashaya Pomo;, but gives as PmiMu 1962:102; Perhaps Yok-Utian |
WW |
%chaj |
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Mason 1916:428; Merriam 55:409 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Nisenan |
Aphelocoma californica? |
c'ajit |
|
bluejay |
loan |
|
|
unknown |
areal form; Note Mis *Tajich, PW *ch'ayi(:)k “scrub jay” Shepherd 2005 |
WW |
%chaj |
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Uldall & Shipley 1966 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
Aphelocoma californica? |
we at'-se-m |
|
California jay (Aphelocoma) |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 61:139 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Northern Sierra Miwok |
Aphelocoma californica? |
TajTi- |
|
bluejay |
loan into protolanguage |
*Tajich |
Sierra Miwokan only |
unknown |
Callaghan 1997;58 |
WW |
%chaj |
|
other complex |
-Ti probably thematic |
|
|
|
Callaghan 1987 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Plains Miwok |
Aphelocoma californica? |
sajsi- |
|
bluejay, Stellar Jay (CHM has for Aphelocoma) |
loan into protolanguage |
|
Miwokan |
unknown |
See Pmiw *$ajiic (which may be Patwin loan) -- an areal word: Callaghan 1997:58 |
WW |
%chaj |
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Callaghan 1984 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Salinan A |
Aphelocoma californica? |
T'ay' |
|
bluejay (Merriam confirms California Jay) |
loan |
|
|
unknown |
areal form; Miwokan *T'ayT'ay, Yokutsan similar, etc. |
WW |
%chaj |
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Mason 1918:125j; Turner 1983:227 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Salinan M |
Aphelocoma californica? |
Tahi |
|
bluejay (Merriam 55:371 confirms California Jay) |
loan |
|
|
unknown |
areal form; Miwokan *T'ayT'ay, Yokutsan similar, etc. |
WW |
%chaj |
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Mason 1918:125 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Seri (Comcaac) |
Aphelocoma californica? |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Serrano |
Aphelocoma californica? |
chi'-chi |
|
California jay |
loan |
*cha7i- |
Northern Uto-Aztecan |
Yokuts |
Kitanemuk cayca7y “blue jay”; S209, Central Numic, Tubatulabal, Takic, always “blue jay” (Stubbs 2009:68). Note similarity of Yokuts, Chumash words. I think this reduplicated form is recent Yokutsan loan. |
WW |
%chaj |
|
reduplicated |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 72-27, 60-101 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
Aphelocoma californica? |
tco'iŋk |
|
Arizona jay (long-tailed and uncrested) |
unique |
|
Southern Numic only |
|
Note Kawaiisu čoɁiki-ži “Pinyon jay”; possibly from the cha'i word?? |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Sapir 1930:698 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Sierra Miwok |
Aphelocoma californica? |
tajic:u- |
|
California bluejay |
loan into protolanguage |
*Tajich |
Sierra Miwokan only |
unknown |
Callaghan 1997:58; Proto-General Yokuts *T'ayT'ay |
WW |
%chaj |
|
underived |
I think etymologically there's a -c:u here |
|
|
|
Broadbent 1964: |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
Aphelocoma californica? |
pųų-vų-ráa-cI |
|
bluejay |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
same |
phrase |
pųų-vų-ráa-cI fur-ABS-little-ABS |
|
|
|
Givon 1979 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Tübatulabal |
Aphelocoma californica? |
ātsayyipisht |
ʔa:ʣajiˈbiʃt |
bluejay, probably Steller's Jay, Cyanocitta stelleri |
loan into protolanguage |
*chaʔi- |
Northern Uto-Aztecan |
unknown |
S209, Central Numic, Tubatulabal, Takic, always “blue jay” (Stubbs 2009:68). Note similar words in Yokutsan. |
WW |
%chaj |
same |
derived |
ʔa:ʣaj-iˈbiʃ-t ?-individuator (ind) -npn |
|
|
chikkīt |
Hill 2010:12 |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
Voegelin 1938:12 |
no info |
|
hunted |
men |
roasted on coals, bones ground (some consultants denied Tub. ate eggs before Whites) |
0 |
|
0 |
|
throughout western North America (distributions from Wikipedia unless otherwise noted) |
scrublands, woodlands (Habitats from Wikipedia unless otherwise noted) |
no |
|
|
|
| Tümpisa Shoshone |
Aphelocoma californica? |
kayüntsih |
|
scrub jay |
loan into protolanguage |
|
Central Numic only |
unknown |
this is in Big Smokey Valley for “Pinyon Jay” |
WW |
%kaj |
same |
underived |
-tsih is NOT same as -ttsi diminutive |
|
|
|
Dayley 1989:50 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Wappo |
Aphelocoma californica? |
c'áy |
|
bluejay (CHM confirms 52:569) |
loan |
|
|
Pomo |
Yukian *č'ə7əy; but Pomo c'ayi, ca”yi better; Wintun čayi(:)k, Mis Tajič, Miw *$aji:ch, Nisenan ch'ajit “bluejay” |
WW |
%chaj |
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Sawyer 1965 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Washo |
Aphelocoma californica? |
medukc'áyc'ay |
|
California jay; blue jay (WPD) |
loan |
|
|
unknown |
c'áyc'ay is the areal form for this bird; cannot be of Washo origin; note Washo doesn't have usual “woodpecker” word |
WW |
%chaj |
|
phrase, reduplicated |
medu? |
|
|
|
WPD |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
Aphelocoma californica? |
tseeGo'nO |
|
Valley blue jay (local name) (probably the scrub jay, Aphelocoma coerulescens) |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
same |
onomatopoeic |
maybe from tsiko-na “tsiko-says” ?? |
|
|
tsiipa “bird” |
Bethel et al.:252 |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
|
no info |
|
hunted |
men |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Wintu |
Aphelocoma californica? |
c'ayik |
|
jaybird, bluejay, smooth-headed bluejay (CHM confirms) |
loan into protolanguage |
*č'ayi(:)k |
Wintun |
unknown |
Shepherd 2005 |
WW |
%chaj |
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Pitkin 1985 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yavapai |
Aphelocoma californica? |
čàsčā·sa |
|
blue jay, pinyon jay |
unique |
|
|
|
Looks a bit like the cha'i sets in Takic |
|
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
Shaterian 1983 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Palewyami |
Aphelocoma californica? |
ɂoyičaɂ |
|
blue jay |
unique |
|
|
|
nothing like this in Kroeber, he has all chay, Tai forms (1961:203) |
|
|
same |
underived |
Note that really nothing is known about Palewyami; word may have derivational elements |
|
|
|
Gamble 1991 (from Harrington) |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Yawdanchi |
Aphelocoma californica? |
Táicudètc |
|
bluejay (Merriam confirms Aphelocoma 58:363) |
loan into protolanguage |
*T'ayT'ay |
General Yokuts |
unknown |
Callaghan 1997:58; missing only in Pal; compare Mis Tajič, Miw *$aji:ch, Nisenan ch'ajit “bluejay”; Yukian *č'ə7əy; but Pomo c'ayi, ca”yi better; Wintun čayi(:)k, etc. |
WW |
%chaj |
same |
other complex |
this has the T'ay element and a suffix that looks like Pal. -wilets. |
|
|
|
Kroeber 1961:203 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Yowlumne |
Aphelocoma californica? |
T'ayT'ay |
T is retroflex t (with subdot in original) |
bluejay |
loan into protolanguage |
*T'ayT'ay |
General Yokuts |
unknown |
Callaghan 1997:58; missing only in Pal; compare Mis Tajič, Miw *$aji:ch; Nisenan ch'ajit “bluejay”; probably a loan into the proto-language; UA words like cha'ish are same thing |
WW |
%chaj |
same |
reduplicated |
|
|
|
|
Newman 1944:14 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yuki |
Aphelocoma californica? |
čą7e A |
|
bluejay |
loan |
*č'ə7əy |
Yukian |
unknown |
Schlichter 1985; areal |
WW |
%chaj |
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Sawyer & Schlichter 1984 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yuma |
Aphelocoma californica? |
hre-kă-poo-soo' |
|
California jay (Aphelocoma) |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 61:455 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
