Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

cottonwood

Semantic Field: flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
Meaning Portuguese

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Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Hypernym	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	Medicinal Notes	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Psychotropic Notes	Traded	Trade Notes	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous	Ethnobiology Notes	Species Notes	General Notes

Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Notes	Medicinal	Medicinal Notes	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous
Bankalachi Toloim	Populus spp.	lap-pah		Cottonwood (Populus sp.)	loan			Yokuts	Wikchamni/Yawdanchi dah-pah; Yowlumne lah'-pah (so Proto-NimYokuts)	WW	%pat ~ %lapat	same	underived	may be derived syncrhonically from “leaf”, PNY *t'ap-			C. H. Merriam 72-79, 60-467		2			2							no
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	Populus spp.	soho-pin		Cottonwood (populus)	inheritance	*sohopin	Northern Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 542a (2008:111, only Numic and Hopi			same	underived				Crapo 1976:120		2			2							no
Cahuilla	Populus spp.	lávalvanet	ˈlavalvanet	cottonwood tree	loan			Yokuts	Note Bankalachi lap-pah 72-79, 60-467; Yowlumne lah'-pah (Merriam 58:565)	WW	%pat ~ %lapat	same	other complex	lavalvane-t (root must be derived somehow)	-m-exan-7a "inanimate"	-m-exan-7a (inanimate classifier)	Seiler&Hioki 1979:95	no info	2		Bean & Saubel 1972:106 note that edible mushrooms were found on dead cottonwood brances	1	leaves and bark boiled for poultices for muscle strain, headaches, cuts, saddle sores and swollen legs of horses.	gathered (wild)	women	Boil water, bark, and leaves and use for soaking injured limb or for poultice	Southern Canada south to northern Mexico	Moist places below 6,500 feet	no
Central Sierra Miwok	Populus spp.	tah-tah'-kol-lă		cottonwood	inheritance		Eastern Miwokan		Also in Miss, Mip				reduplicated				Merriam 57:467		2			2							no
Chemehuevi	Populus spp.	so'-vimp, sah'-vip'	só·vimpə (voiceless schwa) JPH	Cottonwood (Populus)	inheritance	*sohopin	Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 42a (2008:111), only Numic and Hopi			same	other complex	has -pɨ ABS			Merriam 59:539		2			2							no
Chumash Barbareno	Populus spp.	kwek'		Fremont cottonwood	inheritance		Central Chumash only		I, V have reduplicated version, or a different reduplication				underived				Beeler 1978:178		2			2							no
Chumash Ineseno	Populus spp.	koi-dă-kwel'; kwel-lă-kwel		Cottonwood	inheritance		Central Chumash only		Central Chumash				unknown				Merriam 55:21		2			2							no
Chumash Obispeno	Populus spp.	missing			missing								missing						2			2							no
Chumash Ventureno	Populus spp.	khwelekhwel		Populus fremontii, Cottonwood (Merriam confirms 55:53)	inheritance		Central Chumash only		Central Chumash				reduplicated				Timbrook 2007:149		2			2							no
Cocopa	Populus spp.	xɂa		cottonwood (Populus fremontii)	inheritance		Proto-Yuman		Note Mojave ɂahɂa, Yavapai ɂhá(·)			same	underived				Crawford 1989		2			2							no
Comanche	Populus spp.	soho obi huupi		cottonwood tree	inheritance	*sohopin	Northern Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 542a (2008:111), only Numic and Hopi			same	phrase	cottonwood tree			Robinson & Armagost 1990:165		2			2							no
Cupeño	Populus spp.	avaxat	ʔaˈvaxat	cottonwood tree, tree	inheritance	*ava:xa-t	Cupan		S544 (Stubbs 2009:111), possibly Yaqui avaso???			broader (can be used for leafy green trees in general)	other complex	ʔaˈvaxa-t cottonwood-npn (root may be derived)			Hill & Nolasquez 1973:151	no info	2	figures in many stories as a background element		no info		gathered (wild)	all	mainly for wood and bark, inner bark yields fiber	Southern Canada south to Mexico	moist areas below 6500 feet	no
Esselen	Populus spp.	missing			missing								missing						2			2							no
Gabrielino	Populus spp.	tuva:r	tuˈva:r	alamo	unique							same	other complex	tuˈva:-r cottonwood - npn			Harrington 052, 124, 583	no info	2	Couplet in Luiseno, so probably at Creator's mourning ceremony; used in construction of yovaar (Harrington)		no info		gathered (wild)	all	wood for fuel, other purposes; bark fiber for clothing	southern Canada south to northern Mexico	moist areas	no
Iipay 'Aa	Populus spp.	halampuulaamp		cottonwood	unique				could this be the %lap word??			same	underived	may contain the cottonwood cognate, ?aha or whatever it is			Couro & Hutcheson 1973		2			2							no
Kawaiisu	Populus spp.	soovipɨ		Populus fremonti	inheritance	*sohopin	Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 542a (2008:111), only Numic & Hopi			same	other complex	soovi-pɨ cottonwood (-vi?)-ABS	bɨ, pɨ	bɨ, pɨ seem to classify for plants, trees	1981 Zigmond		2			2							no
Kiliwa	Populus spp.	ml=tay		cottonwood	unique				contains *tay “big”			same	phrase	?-large			Mixco 1985		2			2							no
Kitanemuk	Populus spp.	wamat	ˈwamat	cottonwood tree	unique		Serran					same	other complex	ˈwama-t cottonwood-npn	-niw	possessive classifier for things	Anderton 1988:562	no info	2			1	medicine for broken bones	gathered (wild)	women	bark (outer and inner) used	southern Canada south to northern Mexico	moist areas	no
Lake Miwok	Populus spp.	lakáhtumaj		cottonwood tree (Merriam has pah-tah'-pah al'-wah 57:533)	unique				Some kind of metathesis related to Mip tat:ahkal??? Note Merriam's form areal, cf. Wappo pah'-to, Yukki paNtme7				phrase	lakah-tum-aj meaning of elements unknown			Callaghan 1965		2			2							no
Luiseño	Populus spp.	7aváaxat	Ɂaʹva:xat	cottonwood tree	inheritance	*ʔavaaxa-t	Cupan		S544 (Stubbs 2009:111); Stubbs also likes Arizona Yaqui avaso and possibly O'odham 'auppa; if good perhaps UA, more likely a regionalism. A loan possible? Cocopa x?a,, Mojave ?ah?a, Yavapai ?ha:, for the -xat part? But that isn't stressed at all.			same	other complex	Ɂaʹva:xa-t cottonwood-non.possessed.noun			Elliott 1999: 143	no info	2	couplet: pawxit, 'avaaxat (referring to place names in the west); used in construction of wamkish (Harrington 1978:36)		no info		gathered (wild)	women	no info	southern Canada south to northern Mexico	moist areas	no
Maidu	Populus spp.	wilílim c'á		cottonwood	unique								reduplicated	tree that flutters			Shipley 1963		2			2							no
Mojave	Populus spp.	ɂahɂa		cottonwood	inheritance		Proto-Yuman		Note Co. xɂa, Yavapai ɂhá(·); Yuma 7ax7a/. Halpern 1:30			same	underived				Munro et al.1992		2			2							no
Mutsun	Populus spp.	porpor		cottonwood, poplar (Merriam confirms Merriam 55:421)	inheritance		Costanoan		Pinart has in Co III, IV				reduplicated				Okrand 1977:128		2			2							no
Nisenan	Populus spp.	wah-dă-dah'um chah; wad'-dă-dah; dă-dak'-ă-sim' chan; dak-kas		cottonwood	unique				Note E. miwoak tat:a(h)k(:)al in Mip, Miss, Mics				phrase				Merriam 57:245		2			2							no
Northern Paiute	Populus spp.	sunngabe		Cottonwood (Populus)	inheritance	*sɨŋa	Numic		Stubbs 2353 (2008:316); usually “aspen”			broader (may extend to any “tree”; see below)	other complex	has -pi ABS			Merriam 61:151		2			2							no
Northern Sierra Miwok	Populus spp.	sus:u		cottonwood	unique								reduplicated				Callaghan 1987		2			2							no
Plains Miwok	Populus spp.	tat:ahkal, tat:ak:al		cotton tree (Populus), poplar	inheritance		Eastern Miwokan		In Miss, Mics				reduplicated				Callaghan 1984		2			2							no
Salinan A	Populus spp.	cho'-lahk		Cottonwood	unique		Salinan						underived				Merriam 55:385		2			2							no
Salinan M	Populus spp.	pă'-chŏl		Cottonwood	unique		Salinan		Merriam has pahtah'-pah al'-way for Mil (57:533); Yuki ; pątme7; Wappo pah-to (CHM)				underived				Merriam 55:385		2			2							no
Seri (Comcaac)	Populus spp.	missing			missing								missing						2			2							no
Serrano	Populus spp.	wah'-mut		cottonwood (= tree)	unique		Serran						other complex	-t NPN			Merriam 72:29, 60:113		2			2							no
Southern Paiute	Populus spp.	so:vimpɨ		Cottonwood (Populus spp.)	inheritance	*sohopin	Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 542a (2008:111) only Numc & Hopi			same	other complex	has -pɨ ABS			Sapir 1930:662		2			2							no
Southern Sierra Miwok	Populus spp.	tat:ak:ala-		cottonwood	inheritance		Eastern Miwokan		Also in Mics, Mip				reduplicated				Broadbent 1964:		2			2							no
Southern Ute	Populus spp.	sųų-vų-pŲ		cottonwood	unique				I think this is a poorly-recalled version of cognate of *sohopin (Stubbs 542a (2008:111)			broader (can mean any big tree)	other complex	has -pɨ ABS			Givon 1979		2			2							no
Tübatulabal	Populus spp.	uttuhhul	ʔutuˈhul	Cottonwood tree	inheritance	*tukɨ(nu)-	Californian		What about S2359 tukynu “alder tree”??? (Stubbs 2009:316), Takic (Tb. vowels wrong but /u/ is contagious)_			same	other complex	ʔutuˈhu-l cottonwood-npn			Hill 2010:104	no info	2			no info		gathered (wild)	all	wood, bark, fibrous inner bark used	southern Canada south to northern Mexico	moist areas	no
Tümpisa Shoshone	Populus spp.	sohopimpü		cottonwood	inheritance	*sohopin	Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 542a (2008:111); only Numic and Hopi			same	other complex	soho-pim-pü cottonwood-CL-CL	pü		Dayley 1989:246		2			2							no
Wappo	Populus spp.	pah'-to		cottonwood	inheritance		Yukian-Wappo		Merriam has pahtah'-pah al'-way for Mil (57:533); Yuki ; pątme7	WW	%pa(t) ~ %lapat		other complex	Nearly all tree words end in -o, Sawyer 1991 says is reduction of compound with hol “tree”			Merriam 52:581		2			2							no
Washo	Populus spp.	t'áša7		Cottonwood	unique								underived				Merriam 55:315; WPD		2			2							no
Western Mono	Populus spp.	sohopA (Gayton 1941 2:224)		Cottonwood, Populus spp.	inheritance	*sohopin	Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan		Only Numic and Hopi; Stubbs 542a (2008:111)			same	underived				Merriam 59:85	no info	2			no info		gathered (wild)	men, women	mainly for wood			no
Wintu	Populus spp.	t'arap		cottonwood, maple (CHM tar-rap' me 56:19, different word for maple)	unique				Shepherd 2005:183 has as word for “mushroom, flat, on trees” in River Patwin	WW	%pa(t) ~ %lapat		underived				Pitkin 1985		2			2							no
Yavapai	Populus spp.	ɂhá(·)		cottonwood	inheritance		Proto-Yuman		Note Mojave ɂahɂa, Co. Co. xɂa				unknown				Shaterian 1983		2			2							no
Yokuts Palewyami	Populus spp.	lep-pah		cottonwood	inheritance		Yokutsan		in Yawd, Yowl, etc., probably related to words for “leaf”	WW	%pat ~ %lapat	same	underived				Merriam 58:533		2			2							no
Yokuts Yawdanchi	Populus spp.	dap'-pah		cottonwood	inheritance		Yokutsan		lep-pah in Palewyami; similar form in all Merriam's lists	WW	%pat ~ %lapat	same	underived	might be related to/dapdap/ “leaf” with some consonantal sound symbolism byt this would be an ancient derivation			Merriam 58:501		2			2							no
Yokuts Yowlumne	Populus spp.	lah'-pah		cottonwood	inheritance		Yokutsan		lep-pah in Palewyami; similar form in all Merriam's list	WW	%pat ~ %lapat	same	underived	might be related to/dapdap/ “leaf” with some consonantal sound symbolism byt this would be an ancient derivation			Merriam 58:565		2			2							no
Yuki	Populus spp.	pątme7 F		cottonwood tree	inheritance		Yukian-Wappo		Note Merriam has pahtah'-pah al'-way for Mil (57:533); Wappo is pah-to				phrase	pat “cottonwood” is my guess, a Wanderwort -- -me7??			Sawyer & Schlichter 1984		2			2							no
Yuma	Populus spp.	7ax7a/.		Cottonwood (Populus)	inheritance		Proto-Yuman		Note Co. xɂa, Yavapai ɂhá(·);				unknown				Merriam 61:467, Halpern 1:30		2			2							no


Bankalachi Toloim
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Cahuilla
Central Sierra Miwok
Chemehuevi
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Cocopa
Comanche
Cupeño
Esselen
Gabrielino
Iipay 'Aa
Kawaiisu
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Lake Miwok
Luiseño
Maidu
Mojave
Mutsun
Nisenan
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Plains Miwok
Salinan A
Salinan M
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Southern Paiute
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Wappo
Washo
Western Mono
Wintu
Yavapai
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuki
Yuma

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