Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

coyote

Semantic Field: flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
Meaning Portuguese

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Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Hypernym	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	Medicinal Notes	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Psychotropic Notes	Traded	Trade Notes	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous	Ethnobiology Notes	Species Notes	General Notes

Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Trade Notes	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous
Bankalachi Toloim	Canis latrans	ki-he'-yu		Coyote (ki'yu “male”)	loan			Yokuts	Proto-NimYokuts *khay'iw (Golla 1964:61)	WW	%kaju	same	underived				C. H. Merriam 72-77, 72-797, 60-449		1		2		0							no
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	Canis latrans	ica-ppy, ica		Coyote (Canis lestes or ochropus)	inheritance	*isa'a(N)pa	Northern Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 552 (2008:112) with consonant gradation			same	underived				Crapo 1976:121		1		2		0							no
Cahuilla	Canis latrans	ʔísilʸ	ˈʔisiʎ	coyote	inheritance	*ʔisa-	Northern Uto-Aztecan		S552 (Stubbs 2009:112)			same	other complex	7is(i)-ʎ simplex root-non.possessed.noun suffix. Has irregular plural 7is-ta-m.	-'kiʎiw “partner”	Possessive classifier -'kiʎiw “partner” (because is moiety animal) (Seiler 1977:306)	Seiler&Hioki 1979:66	totem of Coyote Moiety	1	One of the original four animals, a great shaman, but created by Temayewet, not Mukat, so 7istam (Strong 1929:72). Skins used as ceremonial objects (Bean 1972:63) Coyote gave first Burning (Image festival) (Seiler 1970:58)	2	Only very old people would eat this animal (Strong 1929:77)	no info	hunted	Men	skins		North and Central America	Diverse habitats	no
Central Sierra Miwok	Canis latrans	7ašé:li-; kátwa-		coyote	inheritance	*7a$e:-li-	Sierra Miwokan only		“Pmis 7a$e:-li- “coyote” is probably a loanword from Pyn ho:shu- < *hu:si- 'coyote' or some similar word” (Callaghan 2001:325)				other complex	-:li an unproductive suffix with animal names			Freeland & Broadbent 1960		1		2		0							no
Chemehuevi	Canis latrans	sin-nav', se-nav'	sənáɂavI JPH	Coyote (Canis lestes or ochropus)	inheritance	*sɨnaɁa	Proto-Numic		Stubbs 554 (2008:113); I think Comanche may be a Ute loan so may just be Southern Numic			same	other complex	*sɨnaɁa-vi coyote-ABS			Merriam 59:521		1		2		0							no
Chumash Barbareno	Canis latrans	ʔaʃkaʔ		coyote	unique								underived				Ono 85, Beeler 1978:173		1	approaches house to warn of death	2		0							no
Chumash Ineseno	Canis latrans	xuxaw'		coyote	unique				Obispeno 7alaxəwət; note %kaw 'fox'				underived				Applegate 19		1	approaches house to warn of death	2		0							no
Chumash Obispeno	Canis latrans	alaxəwət; Lnetya		Coyote; el coyote	unique				JPH III:1 117 has Lnetya; could xuxaw be relate to first form?				other complex	7al-			JPH III: 91:0031; 0084; 1:117		1		2		0							no
Chumash Ventureno	Canis latrans	7alaquweL		coyote	unique								other complex	7al- agentive			Merriam 58:35 ; JPH III:91:374		1	approaches house to warn of death	2		0							no
Cocopa	Canis latrans	ţxpa, xţpa		coyote	inheritance		Delta-California		contains metathesized *(č)-xat “dog”; note 'Iipay Aa hattepaa			same	underived	-pa element separable diachronically			Crawford 1989		1		2		0							no
Comanche	Canis latrans	tseena		gray fox, coyote	unique							broader (more like “wild canid”)	underived				Robinson & Armagost 1990:161		1		2		0							no
Cupeño	Canis latrans	isily	ˈʔisiʎ	coyote	inheritance	*ʔisa-	Northern Uto-Aztecan		S552 (Stubbs 2009:112)			same	other complex	ˈʔisi-ʎ coyote-npn (perhaps from a verb “to tell lies”, or perhaps that verb means “to coyote-ize”)	-ʔaʃ "pet"	possessive classifier for animals	Hill & Nolasquez 1973:157	Totem of Coyote Moiety (the senior moiety)	1		2	“no taboo on eating flesh of moiety animal” (Strong 1929:235)	no info	hunted	men	no info		North and Central America	diverse habitats	no
Esselen	Canis latrans	mačka-s		coyote	unique		Esselen		compares Costanoan maya-n, mača-n;				other complex	-s classifier suffix	-s		Shaul 1988:696		1		2		0							no
Gabrielino	Canis latrans	7i:tar	ˈʔi:tar	coyote	unique							same	other complex	ˈʔi:ta-r coyote-npn	-ʔaʧ “pet	possessive classifier for animals	Harrington 041, 400	totem animal of Coyote Moiety (McC p. 113)	1	skin could be used for Chingichngich figure (McC:28)	2	young coyotes eaten (McC p. 116)	no info	hunted	men	mainly for hide	hides often trade	North and Central America	Diverse habitats	no
Iipay 'Aa	Canis latrans	hattepaa		coyote	inheritance		Delta-California		Contains *(č)-xat “dog”; note Cocopa ţxpa			same	underived	contains “dog” word etymologically			Couro & Hutcheson 1973		1		2		0							no
Kawaiisu	Canis latrans	sɨnaɁa-vi		coyote	inheritance	*sɨnaɁa	Proto-Numic		Stubbs 554 (2008:113); I think Comanche might be a Ute loan so may just be southern Numic			same	other complex	sɨnaɁa-vi coyote-ABS	-vi	classifies for humans	Zigmond et al.		1		2		0							no
Kiliwa	Canis latrans	mlti?		coyote	unique							same	underived				Mixco 1985		1		2		0							no
Kitanemuk	Canis latrans	wahiʔ	ˈwahiʔ	coyote	inheritance		Serran		Also in Serrano			same	underived	perhaps sound imitative but not the usual *wo-	-ʔacit "pet"	possessive classifier for animals	Anderton 1988:560	no info	1	always an important figure, but no info	2	often not eaten, but probably hunted for skin	no info	hunted	men	for skin	skins often traded	North and Central America	Diverse habitats	no
Lake Miwok	Canis latrans	7óle		coyote	inheritance		Miwokan		Pmi *7ole- (Callaghan 1971)				underived				Callaghan 1965		1		2		0							no
Luiseño	Canis latrans	'anó'	ɁaʹnoɁ	coyote	unique							same	underived	note absence of non.possessed.noun suffix; might be a loan	-ʔaʃ "pet"	possessive classifier; NPN form of noun is ʔaʃla	Elliott 1999: 120	7anoyum, a “party” (lineage complex, perhaps formerly a moiety) at Pauma (White 1963:153); see ground squirrel	1	The star Aldebaran, always stalking the Pleiades, who are pretty girls (E); ate Wuyot's heart (White 1963:141)	2	not eaten (Kroeber 1925:652)	no info	hunted	men	skin used for quiver (Harrington 1978:155)		North and Central America	diverse habitats	no
Maidu	Canis latrans	7oléli		coyote	inheritance	*7ole:(l)	Maiduan		Ultan 1964:368 #308; Miwokan *7ole- Callaghan 1971:1997:58; 2001:325 suggests “deep borrowing” -- why “deep” if exact match?? Why not recent?				other complex	-i is stem former			Shipley 1963		1		2		0							no
Mojave	Canis latrans	hukthar		coyote	inheritance		Proto-Yuman		Note Yavapai kθár “dog”; also related to word for “left” (direction); Yuma xatalwe/ Halpern 1:27; in Maricopa the hatalywe is an animal “akin to coyote” in stories			same	underived	a metathesis of kuuthar “left (direction)”			Munro et al.1992		1		2		0							no
Mutsun	Canis latrans	wawisaes, wakisaes, maian	wak-shyish (JPH)	coyote	unique				maian is Costanoan; the wa ... word only in Mu in Kroeber				other complex	-ish must be suffix, but can't find in Okrand			Mason 1916:427		1		2		0							no
Nisenan	Canis latrans	7ole		coyote	inheritance	*7ole:(l)	Maiduan		Ultan 1964:368 #308; Miwokan *7ole- Callaghan 1971:1997:58; 2001:325 suggests “deep borrowing” -- why “deep” if exact match?? Why not recent?				underived				Uldall & Shipley 1966		1		2		0							no
Northern Paiute	Canis latrans	etza'a		Coyote (Canis lestes or ochropus)	inheritance		Western Numic only		I think this is a consonant-gradation variant of the “wolf” form (Stubbs 552 (2008:112); it also occurs in W. Mono			same	underived				Yerington Dictionary		1		2		0							no
Northern Sierra Miwok	Canis latrans	7ole7cu-		coyote	inheritance	*7ole-	Miwokan		Callaghan 1971, 1997:58				other complex	-cu? -c-u?			Callaghan 1987		1		2		0							no
Plains Miwok	Canis latrans	7olet:i-		coyote	inheritance	*7ole-	Miwokan		Callaghan 1971, 1997:58				underived	-t:i- is suffix etymologically			Callaghan 1984		1		2		0							no
Salinan A	Canis latrans	Lk'á		coyote	unique		Salinan						other complex	L- is prefix (Turner 1987:118)			Mason 1918:123; Turner 1980:71		1		2		0							no
Salinan M	Canis latrans	helk'á		Coyote	unique		Salinan						other complex	hel- must be prefix			Mason 1918:123		1		2		0							no
Seri (Comcaac)	Canis latrans	oot		coyote	unique							same	underived				Comcaac Dictionary 364		1		2		0							no
Serrano	Canis latrans	wahi7		coyote	unique		Serran		Also in Kitanemuk; Stubbs suggests related to Hopi waha “bark, v.”; maybe				underived				KCHill ms 2001:62		1		2		0							no
Southern Paiute	Canis latrans	cɨnangwavI		Coyote (Canis latrans)	unique				derived from Stubbs 554 (2008:113); I think Comanche might be a Ute loan so may just be southern Numic			same	other complex	cɨna-ngwa-vI is the ngwa the possessive element? Meaning someting like “owned by wolf???” has -vi ABS			Sapir 1930:660		1		2		0							no
Southern Sierra Miwok	Canis latrans	7ahe-:liH		coyote	inheritance	*7a$e:-li-	Sierra Miwokan only		“Pmis 7a$e:-li- 'coyote' is probably a loanword from Pyn ho:shu- < **hu:si- “coyote” or some similar word” (Callaghan 2001:325)				other complex	-:liH theme			Broadbent 1964:	Coyote Moiety 7ahle-j:a-	1		2		0							no
Southern Ute	Canis latrans	yogóvų-cI		coyote	unique				Southern Paiute also has this form but it's not main word for Coyote			same	derived	copulate-AGENT-ABS			Givon 1979		1		2		0							no
Tübatulabal	Canis latrans	isht	ˈʔiʃt	coyote	inheritance	*ʔisa-	Northern Uto-Aztecan		S552 (Stubbs 2009:112)			same	other complex	ˈʔiʃ-t coyote-npn			Hill 2010:30	no info	1	figures in creation accounts	2	Voegelin 1938:12	no info	hunted	men	eaten, and coyote pelts used for quivers, muffs to warm hands		North and Central America	Diverse habitats	no
Tümpisa Shoshone	Canis latrans	isa		coyote, dog	inheritance	*isa'a(N)pa	Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 552 (2008:112)			broader (can include dog)	other complex	isa-(ppü)	ppü		Dayley 1989:36		1		2		0							no
Wappo	Canis latrans	húT'		coyote, crazy	unique								underived				Sawyer 1965		1		2		0							no
Washo	Canis latrans	géwe		Coyote	unique								underived				Merriam 55:297; WPD		1		2		0							no
Western Mono	Canis latrans	isa', iza',		Coyote	inheritance	*isa'a(N)pa	Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 552 (2008:112)			same	underived				Bethel et al.:39	totem for clown lineage (Gayton 2:272), Pakwihu moiety (II) Gifford p. 37	1	Wolf's older brother in old days (Gayton 2:280); invented bedrock mortars (Gifford)	2		no info	no info	no info	no info				no
Wintu	Canis latrans	sedet		coyote, dog,fox	inheritance	*sede	Wintun		Pitkin 1985 says is possibly loan from Yurok; verb root means “promiscuous”. But Shepherd 2005 gives *sede, so loan is into Proto-Wintun if loan				other complex				Schlichter 1981		1		2		0							no
Yavapai	Canis latrans	kθàrɂhāna		coyote	unique				Contains *(č)-xat “dog”				unknown				Shaterian 1983		1		2		0							no
Yokuts Palewyami	Canis latrans	kʰeyew'		coyote	inheritance	*kʰay'iw	Yokutsan		Whistler & Golla 1986:354	WW	%kaju	same	underived	weirdly similar to English “coyote” (from Nahuatl)			Gamble 1991 (from Harrington)		1		2		0							no
Yokuts Yawdanchi	Canis latrans	kaíu		coyote	inheritance	*kʰay'iw	Yokutsan		Whistler & Golla 1986:354; could this be related to the haju “dog” words in Clear Lake area?	WW	%kaju	same	underived				Kroeber 1961:199		1		2		0							no
Yokuts Yowlumne	Canis latrans	kay'iw		coyote	inheritance	*kʰay'iw	Yokutsan		Whistler & Golla 1986:354	WW	%kaju	same	underived				Newman 1944:125		1		2		0							no
Yuki	Canis latrans	hulk'o7e		Coyote	inheritance	*hulk'oy'	Yukian		Schlichter 1985				compound	eye-put.out in ref to a myth of Raven & Coyote S&S 1984:54 (hul- “eye”)			Sawyer & Schlichter 1984		1		2		0							no
Yuma	Canis latrans	xatalwe/		Coyote (Canis lestes or ochropus)	inheritance		Colorado River Yuman only		derivation on “wolf”; Maricopa hatalywe				unknown				Merriam 61:449, Halpern 1:27		1		2		0							no


Bankalachi Toloim
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Cahuilla
Central Sierra Miwok
Chemehuevi
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Cocopa
Comanche
Cupeño
Esselen
Gabrielino
Iipay 'Aa
Kawaiisu
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Lake Miwok
Luiseño
Maidu
Mojave
Mutsun
Nisenan
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Plains Miwok
Salinan A
Salinan M
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Southern Paiute
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Wappo
Washo
Western Mono
Wintu
Yavapai
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuki
Yuma

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