Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

digger pine

Semantic Field: flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
Meaning Portuguese

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Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Hypernym	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	Medicinal Notes	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Psychotropic Notes	Traded	Trade Notes	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous	Ethnobiology Notes	Species Notes	General Notes

Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	Medicinal Notes	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous
Bankalachi Toloim	Pinus sabiniana	missing			missing						missing						2		1		2							no
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	Pinus sabiniana	missing		ponderosa only, wung-gah-be RM 61:53	inheritance						missing						2		1		2							no
Cahuilla	Pinus sabiniana	yúyivaš	ˈjujivaʃ	pines with long needles	unique				contains “snow” element	broader (any long-needled pine that isn't wexet, tall pine)	derived	ˈjuji-va-ʃ juj(i) “snow”; -va ? - nominalizer	-ki7iw7a "waiting, claim" ??	I don't think this gets -ki7iw7a, “Digger Pines” not noted by Seiler 1977 or Bean and Saubel in this connection	Seiler&Hioki 1979:257	no info	2		1		no info		no info	no info	no info	Southern California and Baja California	Pinus coulteri is generally above 4000 feet	no
Central Sierra Miwok	Pinus sabiniana	sák:y-		digger pine	inheritance	sa:k, sak:y-	Utian		Callaghan 1997:18		underived	here /y/ is not nominalizer			Freeland & Broadbent 1960		2		1		2							no
Chemehuevi	Pinus sabiniana	juvímpə	(Schwa voiceless)	Pine sp.	inheritance	*yuwiN	Southern Numic only		Stubbs 1580b (2008:231), perhaps related to Cupan *yuyi-la	same	other complex	has -pɨ ABS			Harrington Chemehuevi Noun List		2		1		2							no
Chumash Barbareno	Pinus sabiniana	tak		Pinus, except p. monophylla, p. jeffreyi	inheritance		Central Chumash only		Also in Ineseno		underived				Timbrook 2007:141		2		1		2							no
Chumash Ineseno	Pinus sabiniana	tak		Pinus, except for jeffrey, monophylla	inheritance		Central Chumash only		Also in Barbareno		underived				Timbrook 2007;142		2		1		2							no
Chumash Obispeno	Pinus sabiniana	tpinu		Pine	loan			Salinan			other complex	t-			Harrington III:1:0172		2		1		2							no
Chumash Ventureno	Pinus sabiniana	tsɨkɨnɨn		Pinus spp. (except P. monophylla)	unique						underived				Timbrook 2007:141		2		1		2							no
Cocopa	Pinus sabiniana	missing			missing						missing						2		1		2							no
Comanche	Pinus sabiniana	missing			missing						missing						2		1		2							no
Cupeño	Pinus sabiniana	wichuxat	ˈwiʧuxat	Pinyon, pinyon nut	unique				perhaps from *wok-chuxa-, speculating	broader (includes both tree and nuts)	other complex	ˈwiʧuxa-t digger.pine-npn (wi- probably wo- from wokoN “pine”, but derivation is obscure).			Hill & Nolasquez 1973:178 (spelling corrected as per p. 80)	no info	2	Guarded Creator's funeral pyre (Hill & Nolasquez 1973:8), ceremonial couplet wexit'it, wichuxet (H&N p. 80)	1	source of pine nuts	no info		gathered (wild)	all	no info	Southern California and Baja California	Pinus coulteri is generally above 4000 feet	no
Esselen	Pinus sabiniana	ixai		pine	unique		Esselen		compares Mutsun xik-		underived				Shaul 1988:698		2		1		2							no
Gabrielino	Pinus sabiniana	wahCH-ot' 72-79, 60-433	ˈwe:xat	digger pine	inheritance	*wokoN	Uto-Aztecan		Note Cu. ˈwiʧuxat “P. coulteri”; S1579a (Stubbs 2009:231)	broader (includes tree and pine nuts)	other complex	ˈwe:xa-t pine-npn	-hi:n	classifier for worthwhile possessions	http://www.archive.org/stream/bancroft_chartmerriam_1556_60#page/n415/mode/2up; p. 433	no info	2		1	pine nuts	no info		gathered (wild but closely managed)	all	cones roasted to pop out nuts	Southern California and Baja California	Pinus coulteri is generally above 4000 feet	no
Iipay 'Aa	Pinus sabiniana	hellykaay		type of pine; Merriam confirms Coulter pine (Pinus coulteri)	unique					same	underived				Couro & Hutcheson 1973		2		1		2							no
Kawaiisu	Pinus sabiniana	wohodɨbɨ		Pinus sabiniana	inheritance	*wokoN	Proto-Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 1579 (2008:231)	same	other complex	wohodɨ-bɨ pine-ABS	bɨ, pɨ	bɨ, pɨ seem to classify for plants, trees	1981 Zigmond		2		1		2							no
Kiliwa	Pinus sabiniana	?+xaal		pine (P. ponderosa or contorta)	unique					broader (diverse pines)	other complex	? dummy.nominalelement + pine			Mixco 1985		2		1		2							no
Kitanemuk	Pinus sabiniana	wokoht	ˈwokoht	Digger pine, Pinus sabiniana, or its nut	inheritance	*wokoN-	Uto-Aztecan		S1579a (Stubbs 2009:231)	broader (tree and nuts)	other complex	ˈwokoh-t	-niw	possessive classifier for things	Anderton 1988:580	no info	2		1		no info		gathered (wild)	all	cones roasted to pop out nuts	California central valley, Sierra foothills, Coast Ranges to Tehachapis, also on Channel Islands	foothills	no
Lake Miwok	Pinus sabiniana	şanák7ala		valley pine (Merriam confirms as P. sabiniana)	inheritance	*san(:)ak	Miwokan		Callaghan 1971; Callaghan 2001 says may be a deep Yok-Utian loan word from Pmis into Yokuts)		phrase	X tree			Callaghan 1965		2		1		2							no
Luiseño	Pinus sabiniana	wixétut	wiʹxetut	sugar pine; Bright: Pinus coulteri; Harrington: big cones; Sparkman we'etut “great-coned pine”	inheritance	*wokoN-	Uto-Aztecan		S1579a (Stubbs 2009:231); has -tu increment (“bearing”???)	broader (includes the nuts of this pine)	other complex	wixétu-t Coulter.pine-non.possessed.noun (root derived etymologically)			Elliott 1999:1063	no info	2		1	nuts eaten, and “large pines often cut down merely for the sake of acorns stored in the bark by woodpeckers” (Sparkman 1908:194)	no info		gathered (wild)	all	no info	Southern California and Baja California	Pinus coulteri is generally above 4000 feet	no
Maidu	Pinus sabiniana	towánim c'á		digger pine	inheritance	*towán	Maiduan		Ultan 1964:367 #267		phrase	X tree			Shipley 1963		2		1		2							no
Mojave	Pinus sabiniana	huwaaly		pine tree, board	inheritance		Proto-Yuman		Note Yavapai hwá(:)l, ?? Kiliwa ?+xaal ??	broader (tree and lumber)	underived				Munro et al.1992		2		1		2							no
Mutsun	Pinus sabiniana	sak (JPH per CHM)		digger pine (P. sabiniana, P. coulteri)	inheritance	*sak:y-	Utian		Callaghan 1997:18		underived				Merriam 55:419		2		1		2							no
Nisenan	Pinus sabiniana	tawn'-nim chah	to:nim c'a:	digger pine tree (nut is tawn (U&S to:n)	inheritance	*towán	Maiduan		Ultan 1964: 367 #267; Callaghan 2001:324 notes Pynim *tHo:ngash “digger pine nut”, Wpcc 'tuwa: “pine tree”		phrase				Merriam 57:245		2		1		2							no
Northern Paiute	Pinus sabiniana	missing		only “Ponderosa” in sources	missing						missing				Merriam 61:149		2		1		2							no
Northern Sierra Miwok	Pinus sabiniana	sak:y-		CHM's digger pine	inheritance	sa:k, sak:y-	Utian		Callaghan 1997:18		underived	here /y/ is not nominalizer			Callaghan 1987		2		1		2							no
Plains Miwok	Pinus sabiniana	sak:y-		pine tree	inheritance	*sak:y-	Utian		Callaghan 1997:18		underived				Callaghan 1984		2		1		2							no
Salinan A	Pinus sabiniana	č'o7		pine (Merriam 55:383 confirms P. sabiniana)	unique		Salinan				underived				Mason 1918:130; Turner 1980:80		2		1		2							no
Salinan M	Pinus sabiniana	cho'		digger pine	unique		Salinan				underived				Merriam 55:383		2		1		2							no
Seri (Comcaac)	Pinus sabiniana	missing			missing						missing						2		1		2							no
Serrano	Pinus sabiniana	missing			missing						missing						2		1		2							no
Southern Paiute	Pinus sabiniana	yɨvimpɨ		Long-leafed pine (P. insignis?) (Merriam: Ponderosa pine (P. ponderosa) -- on Mt. Charleston)	inheritance	*yuwiN	Southern Numic only		Stubbs 1580b (2008:231), perhaps related to Cupan *yuyi-la	same	other complex	has -pɨ ABS			Merriam 59:473		2		1		2							no
Southern Sierra Miwok	Pinus sabiniana	sak:y-		digger or bull pine	inheritance	sa:k, sak:y-	Utian		Callaghan 1997:18		underived				Broadbent 1964:		2		1		2							no
Southern Ute	Pinus sabiniana	yųvų-pŲ		pine tree (not ponderosa)	unique	*yuwiN	Southern Numic only		Stubbs 1580b (2008:231), perhaps related to Cupan *yuyi-la	same	other complex	has -pɨ ABS			Givon 1979		2		1		2							no
Tübatulabal	Pinus sabiniana	wohhompōl	wohomˈbo:l	digger pine, bull pine, Pinus sabiniana	inheritance	*wokoN-	Uto-Aztecan		S1579a (Stubbs 2009:231)	same	other complex	wohomˈbo:-l digger.pine-npn (the -bo: is a derivational suffix historically)			Hill 2010:121	no info	2		1	nuts best for mixing with tobacco	no info		gathered (wild)	men	in early season eaten immediately by men and boys; later, cones roasted like pinyons, by men and boys	California central valley, Sierra foothills, Coast Ranges to Tehachapis, also on Channel Islands	foothills	no
Tümpisa Shoshone	Pinus sabiniana	missing			missing						missing						2		1		2							no
Wappo	Pinus sabiniana	náyo		digger pine (CHM confirms 52:581)	unique						other complex	-o for tree			Sawyer 1965		2		1		2							no
Washo	Pinus sabiniana	missing			missing						missing						2		1		2							no
Western Mono	Pinus sabiniana	tunapɨ, tunobɨ	final voiceless	digger pine tree (Pinus sabiniana)	loan			Yokuts or Miwok	Proto-NimYokuts tHo:ngash, ProtoMiwok to:n, perhaps Patwin t'uwa “pine” if so “Penutian” (Callaghan 2001)	same	derived	tuna' “nuts (generic)”	-pɨ		Bethel et al.:265	no info	2		1	pine nuts	2	pitch used for medicine	gathered (wild)	all	less desirable nut than pinyon; green cones roasted?			no
Wintu	Pinus sabiniana	čatimi		digger pine tree (CHM confirms)	unique						compound				Pitkin 1985		2		1		2							no
Yavapai	Pinus sabiniana	hwá(:)l		pine	inheritance		Proto-Yuman		Note Mojave huwaal; ?? Kiliwa ?+xaal ????		unknown				Shaterian 1983		2		1		2							no
Yokuts Palewyami	Pinus sabiniana	missing			missing						missing						2		1		2							no
Yokuts Yawdanchi	Pinus sabiniana	tòngac		digger (bull) pine	inheritance	*tho:ŋas	Nim-Yokuts		Golla 1964:61; Callagan 2001:324 compares Proto-Maidu *to:n “digger pine”	same	underived	since P. ponderosa is Yowl to:n, the -ac may be suffix historically			Kroeber 1961:211 (162)		2		1		2							no
Yokuts Yowlumne	Pinus sabiniana	tònos		digger pine (Merriam confirms to:nos P. sabiniana 58:565)	inheritance	*tho:ŋas	Nim-Yokuts		Golla 1964:61; Golla 1964:61; Callagan 2001:324 compares Proto-Maidu *to:n “digger pine”	same	underived	since P. ponderosa is to:n, the -as may be a suffix historically			Kroeber? Newman?		2		1		2							no
Yuki	Pinus sabiniana	po'-kum MWO, palkam-ol B, pók-mi CS		Digger pine (P. sabiniana)	inheritance	*pokam	Yukian		Schlichter 1985		compound	-ol, -mi "tree"			Sawyer & Schlichter 1984		2		1		2							no
Yuma	Pinus sabiniana	missing			missing						missing						2		1		2							no


Bankalachi Toloim
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Cahuilla
Central Sierra Miwok
Chemehuevi
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Cocopa
Comanche
Cupeño
Esselen
Gabrielino
Iipay 'Aa
Kawaiisu
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Lake Miwok
Luiseño
Maidu
Mojave
Mutsun
Nisenan
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Plains Miwok
Salinan A
Salinan M
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Southern Paiute
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Wappo
Washo
Western Mono
Wintu
Yavapai
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuki
Yuma

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