Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

digger pine

Semantic Field
flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
Meaning Portuguese

Languages

Language Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes
Bankalachi Toloim Pinus sabiniana missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 0 no
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone Pinus sabiniana missing ponderosa only, wung-gah-be RM 61:53 inheritance missing 2 1 2 0 0 no
Cahuilla Pinus sabiniana yúyivaš ˈjujivaʃ pines with long needles unique contains “snow” element broader (any long-needled pine that isn't wexet, tall pine) derived ˈjuji-va-ʃ juj(i) “snow”; -va ? - nominalizer -ki7iw7a "waiting, claim" ?? I don't think this gets -ki7iw7a, “Digger Pines” not noted by Seiler 1977 or Bean and Saubel in this connection Seiler&Hioki 1979:257 no info 2 1 no info no info no info no info 0 0 Southern California and Baja California Pinus coulteri is generally above 4000 feet no
Central Sierra Miwok Pinus sabiniana sák:y- digger pine inheritance *sa:k, *sak:y- Utian Callaghan 1997:18 underived here /y/ is not nominalizer Freeland & Broadbent 1960 2 1 2 0 0 no
Chemehuevi Pinus sabiniana juvímpə (Schwa voiceless) Pine sp. inheritance *yuwiN Southern Numic only Stubbs 1580b (2008:231), perhaps related to Cupan *yuyi-la same other complex has -pɨ ABS Harrington Chemehuevi Noun List 2 1 2 0 0 no
Chumash Barbareno Pinus sabiniana tak Pinus, except p. monophylla, p. jeffreyi inheritance Central Chumash only Also in Ineseno underived Timbrook 2007:141 2 1 2 0 0 no
Chumash Ineseno Pinus sabiniana tak Pinus, except for jeffrey, monophylla inheritance Central Chumash only Also in Barbareno underived Timbrook 2007;142 2 1 2 0 0 no
Chumash Obispeno Pinus sabiniana tpinu Pine loan Salinan other complex t- Harrington III:1:0172 2 1 2 0 0 no
Chumash Ventureno Pinus sabiniana tsɨkɨnɨn Pinus spp. (except P. monophylla) unique underived Timbrook 2007:141 2 1 2 0 0 no
Cocopa Pinus sabiniana missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 0 no
Comanche Pinus sabiniana missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 0 no
Cupeño Pinus sabiniana wichuxat ˈwiʧuxat Pinyon, pinyon nut unique perhaps from *wok-chuxa-, speculating broader (includes both tree and nuts) other complex ˈwiʧuxa-t digger.pine-npn (wi- probably *wo- from *wokoN “pine”, but derivation is obscure). Hill & Nolasquez 1973:178 (spelling corrected as per p. 80) no info 2 Guarded Creator's funeral pyre (Hill & Nolasquez 1973:8), ceremonial couplet wexit'it, wichuxet (H&N p. 80) 1 source of pine nuts no info gathered (wild) all no info 0 0 Southern California and Baja California Pinus coulteri is generally above 4000 feet no
Esselen Pinus sabiniana ixai pine unique Esselen compares Mutsun xik- underived Shaul 1988:698 2 1 2 0 0 no
Gabrielino Pinus sabiniana wahCH-ot' 72-79, 60-433 ˈwe:xat digger pine inheritance *wokoN Uto-Aztecan Note Cu. ˈwiʧuxat “P. coulteri”; S1579a (Stubbs 2009:231) broader (includes tree and pine nuts) other complex ˈwe:xa-t pine-npn -hi:n classifier for worthwhile possessions http://www.archive.org/stream/bancroft_chartmerriam_1556_60#page/n415/mode/2up; p. 433 no info 2 1 pine nuts no info gathered (wild but closely managed) all cones roasted to pop out nuts 0 0 Southern California and Baja California Pinus coulteri is generally above 4000 feet no
Iipay 'Aa Pinus sabiniana hellykaay type of pine; Merriam confirms Coulter pine (Pinus coulteri) unique same underived Couro & Hutcheson 1973 2 1 2 0 0 no
Kawaiisu Pinus sabiniana wohodɨbɨ Pinus sabiniana inheritance *wokoN Proto-Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 1579 (2008:231) same other complex wohodɨ-bɨ pine-ABS bɨ, pɨ bɨ, pɨ seem to classify for plants, trees 1981 Zigmond 2 1 2 0 0 no
Kiliwa Pinus sabiniana ?+xaal pine (P. ponderosa or contorta) unique broader (diverse pines) other complex ? dummy.nominalelement + pine Mixco 1985 2 1 2 0 0 no
Kitanemuk Pinus sabiniana wokoht ˈwokoht Digger pine, Pinus sabiniana, or its nut inheritance *wokoN- Uto-Aztecan S1579a (Stubbs 2009:231) broader (tree and nuts) other complex ˈwokoh-t -niw possessive classifier for things Anderton 1988:580 no info 2 1 no info gathered (wild) all cones roasted to pop out nuts 0 0 California central valley, Sierra foothills, Coast Ranges to Tehachapis, also on Channel Islands foothills no
Lake Miwok Pinus sabiniana şanák7ala valley pine (Merriam confirms as P. sabiniana) inheritance *san(:)ak Miwokan Callaghan 1971; Callaghan 2001 says may be a deep Yok-Utian loan word from Pmis into Yokuts) phrase X tree Callaghan 1965 2 1 2 0 0 no
Luiseño Pinus sabiniana wixétut wiʹxetut sugar pine; Bright: Pinus coulteri; Harrington: big cones; Sparkman we'etut “great-coned pine” inheritance *wokoN- Uto-Aztecan S1579a (Stubbs 2009:231); has -tu increment (“bearing”???) broader (includes the nuts of this pine) other complex wixétu-t Coulter.pine-non.possessed.noun (root derived etymologically) Elliott 1999:1063 no info 2 1 nuts eaten, and “large pines often cut down merely for the sake of acorns stored in the bark by woodpeckers” (Sparkman 1908:194) no info gathered (wild) all no info 0 0 Southern California and Baja California Pinus coulteri is generally above 4000 feet no
Maidu Pinus sabiniana towánim c'á digger pine inheritance *towán Maiduan Ultan 1964:367 #267 phrase X tree Shipley 1963 2 1 2 0 0 no
Mojave Pinus sabiniana huwaaly pine tree, board inheritance Proto-Yuman Note Yavapai hwá(:)l, ?? Kiliwa ?+xaal ?? broader (tree and lumber) underived Munro et al.1992 2 1 2 0 0 no
Mutsun Pinus sabiniana sak (JPH per CHM) digger pine (P. sabiniana, P. coulteri) inheritance *sak:y- Utian Callaghan 1997:18 underived Merriam 55:419 2 1 2 0 0 no
Nisenan Pinus sabiniana tawn'-nim chah to:nim c'a: digger pine tree (nut is tawn (U&S to:n) inheritance *towán Maiduan Ultan 1964: 367 #267; Callaghan 2001:324 notes Pynim *tHo:ngash “digger pine nut”, Wpcc 'tuwa: “pine tree” phrase Merriam 57:245 2 1 2 0 0 no
Northern Paiute Pinus sabiniana missing only “Ponderosa” in sources missing missing Merriam 61:149 2 1 2 0 0 no
Northern Sierra Miwok Pinus sabiniana sak:y- CHM's digger pine inheritance *sa:k, *sak:y- Utian Callaghan 1997:18 underived here /y/ is not nominalizer Callaghan 1987 2 1 2 0 0 no
Plains Miwok Pinus sabiniana sak:y- pine tree inheritance *sak:y- Utian Callaghan 1997:18 underived Callaghan 1984 2 1 2 0 0 no
Salinan A Pinus sabiniana č'o7 pine (Merriam 55:383 confirms P. sabiniana) unique Salinan underived Mason 1918:130; Turner 1980:80 2 1 2 0 0 no
Salinan M Pinus sabiniana cho' digger pine unique Salinan underived Merriam 55:383 2 1 2 0 0 no
Seri (Comcaac) Pinus sabiniana missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 0 no
Serrano Pinus sabiniana missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 0 no
Southern Paiute Pinus sabiniana yɨvimpɨ Long-leafed pine (P. insignis?) (Merriam: Ponderosa pine (P. ponderosa) -- on Mt. Charleston) inheritance *yuwiN Southern Numic only Stubbs 1580b (2008:231), perhaps related to Cupan *yuyi-la same other complex has -pɨ ABS Merriam 59:473 2 1 2 0 0 no
Southern Sierra Miwok Pinus sabiniana sak:y- digger or bull pine inheritance *sa:k, *sak:y- Utian Callaghan 1997:18 underived Broadbent 1964: 2 1 2 0 0 no
Southern Ute Pinus sabiniana yųvų-pŲ pine tree (not ponderosa) unique *yuwiN Southern Numic only Stubbs 1580b (2008:231), perhaps related to Cupan *yuyi-la same other complex has -pɨ ABS Givon 1979 2 1 2 0 0 no
Tübatulabal Pinus sabiniana wohhompōl wohomˈbo:l digger pine, bull pine, Pinus sabiniana inheritance *wokoN- Uto-Aztecan S1579a (Stubbs 2009:231) same other complex wohomˈbo:-l digger.pine-npn (the -bo: is a derivational suffix historically) Hill 2010:121 no info 2 1 nuts best for mixing with tobacco no info gathered (wild) men in early season eaten immediately by men and boys; later, cones roasted like pinyons, by men and boys 0 0 California central valley, Sierra foothills, Coast Ranges to Tehachapis, also on Channel Islands foothills no
Tümpisa Shoshone Pinus sabiniana missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 0 no
Wappo Pinus sabiniana náyo digger pine (CHM confirms 52:581) unique other complex -o for tree Sawyer 1965 2 1 2 0 0 no
Washo Pinus sabiniana missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 0 no
Western Mono Pinus sabiniana tunapɨ, tunobɨ final voiceless digger pine tree (Pinus sabiniana) loan Yokuts or Miwok Proto-NimYokuts *tHo:ngash, ProtoMiwok *to:n, perhaps Patwin t'uwa “pine” if so “Penutian” (Callaghan 2001) same derived tuna' “nuts (generic)” -pɨ Bethel et al.:265 no info 2 1 pine nuts 2 pitch used for medicine gathered (wild) all less desirable nut than pinyon; green cones roasted? 0 0 no
Wintu Pinus sabiniana čatimi digger pine tree (CHM confirms) unique compound Pitkin 1985 2 1 2 0 0 no
Yavapai Pinus sabiniana hwá(:)l pine inheritance Proto-Yuman Note Mojave huwaal; ?? Kiliwa ?+xaal ???? unknown Shaterian 1983 2 1 2 0 0 no
Yokuts Palewyami Pinus sabiniana missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 0 no
Yokuts Yawdanchi Pinus sabiniana tòngac digger (bull) pine inheritance *tho:ŋas Nim-Yokuts Golla 1964:61; Callagan 2001:324 compares Proto-Maidu *to:n “digger pine” same underived since P. ponderosa is Yowl to:n, the -ac may be suffix historically Kroeber 1961:211 (162) 2 1 2 0 0 no
Yokuts Yowlumne Pinus sabiniana tònos digger pine (Merriam confirms to:nos P. sabiniana 58:565) inheritance *tho:ŋas Nim-Yokuts Golla 1964:61; Golla 1964:61; Callagan 2001:324 compares Proto-Maidu *to:n “digger pine” same underived since P. ponderosa is to:n, the -as may be a suffix historically Kroeber? Newman? 2 1 2 0 0 no
Yuki Pinus sabiniana po'-kum MWO, palkam-ol B, pók-mi CS Digger pine (P. sabiniana) inheritance *pokam Yukian Schlichter 1985 compound -ol, -mi "tree" Sawyer & Schlichter 1984 2 1 2 0 0 no
Yuma Pinus sabiniana missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 0 no