elder
- Semantic Field
- flora-fauna
- Part of Speech
- Meaning Spanish
- Meaning Portuguese
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Languages
| Language | Linnean Name | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Etymology Notes | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Range of Term | Word Structure | Word Structure Notes | Classifier | Classifier Notes | Hypernym | Source | Association with Social Categories | Ritual/Mythologically Significant | Ritual Notes | Food Source | Food Notes | Medicinal | Medicinal Notes | How Collected | Who Collects | How Prepared | Psychotropic | Psychotropic Notes | Traded | Trade Notes | Distribution | Habitat | Dangerous | Ethnobiology Notes | Species Notes | General Notes |
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Language | Linnean Name | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Etymology Notes | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Range of Term | Word Structure | Word Structure Notes | Classifier | Classifier Notes | Hypernym | Source | Association with Social Categories | Ritual/Mythologically Significant | Ritual Notes | Food Source | Food Notes | Medicinal | Medicinal Notes | How Collected | Who Collects | How Prepared | Psychotropic | Psychotropic Notes | Traded | Trade Notes | Distribution | Habitat | Dangerous | Ethnobiology Notes | Species Notes | General Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bankalachi Toloim | Sambucus | wi'seta | elderwood | loan | Yokuts | unknown | Gayton 1:52 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Big Smokey Valley Shoshone | Sambucus | kunukippeh | elderberry plant | inheritance | *kunuki | Numic | Stubbs 180 (2008;64) | same | other complex | has -pɨ ABS | Crum & Dayley 1993:269 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Cahuilla | Sambucus | húnkat | ˈhunkat | elderberry, elder | inheritance | *ku'u, kuhu | Californian | This really looks like Numic *kunuki; is there a loan going around here? Other Cupan have ku7ut, which in Ca is Typha sp.. See Gab huka:t, perhaps in S179 | same | other complex | hunka-t (Bean & Saubel 1972:138 give hunqwa-t) | -m-exan-7a "inanimate" | -m-exan-7a (inanimate classifier) for plants, -7ay'a "picking" for berries | Seiler&Hioki 1979:60 | no info | 2 | 1 | elderberry sauce from dried berries, berries eaten fresh | 1 | blossoms in tea for fever, upset stomach, colds, flu. Roots boiled for constipation. Can be poisonous. | Gathered (wild but closely managed) | All | berries dried on drying floor and preserved for sweet sauce; today used for jams and jellies | 0 | 0 | North America | Below 4500 feet in moist areas | no | ||||||||||
| Central Sierra Miwok | Sambucus | an'-ti'-roo'-mah | elder | inheritance | *7anTaj- | Miwokan | Callaghan 1971; Callaghan 1997;19 | other complex | -ma | Merriam 57:467 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chemehuevi | Sambucus | ko-no'-wip | Elder (Sambucus) | inheritance | *kunuki | Proto-Numic | Stubbs 180 (2008:64) | same | other complex | has -pɨ ABS | Merriam 59:539 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Chumash Barbareno | Sambucus | qayas | Sambucus mexicanus | unique | Central Chumash only | underived | timbrook 2007:195 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chumash Ineseno | Sambucus | qayas | Sambucus mexicana, Merriam confirms 55:23 | inheritance | Central Chumash only | Central Chumash | underived | Timbrook 2007:195 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chumash Obispeno | Sambucus | tpəlipə7 | sauco | unique | other complex | t- | Harrington III:1:0261 | 2 | 1 | 1 | Flor is bueno para la fiebre | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chumash Ventureno | Sambucus | qayas | Sambucus mexicana, Blue Elderberry; Merriam confirms 55:55 | inheritance | Central Chumash only | Central Chumash | underived | Timbrook 2007:195 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cocopa | Sambucus | xsa·wk | elderberry (Sambucus mexicana) | unique | same | underived | Crawford 1989 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comanche | Sambucus | missing | missing | missing | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cupeño | Sambucus | ku'ut | ˈkuʔut | elderberry, Sambucus sp. | inheritance | *kuʔu/kuhu- | Californian | S179 (Stubbs 2009:64) | broader (includes both plant and fruits) | other complex | ˈkuʔu-t elderberry-npn | Hill & Nolasquez 1973:159 | no info | 2 | 1 | berries, flowers | 1 | flowers cooked for fever, cough (Hill & Nolasquez 56) | gathered (wild) | all | berries eaten ripe or dried and stored, flowers boiled, also important wood plant | 0 | 0 | North America | below 4500 feet in moist areas | no | ||||||||||||
| Esselen | Sambucus | missing | missing | missing | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gabrielino | Sambucus | hu:kat | ˈhu:kat | sauco | inheritance | *kuhu- | Californian | probably from hu-ku'V-t and in S179; kuhut also recorded; but note Cahuilla hunkat, perhaps a second set | broader (for plant, flowers, fruit, etc.) | other complex | ˈhu:ka-t elderberry-npn | -hi:n | classifier for worthwhile possessions | Harrington 162, 070 | no info | 2 | 1 | flowers, berries | 1 | gathered (wild) | all | wood, berries, flowers all used, diverse preparations | 0 | 0 | North America | below 4500 feet in moist areas | no | |||||||||||
| Iipay 'Aa | Sambucus | kupall | Elderberry, Sambucus Mexicana | unique | same | underived | http://www.powayusd.com/projects/kumeyaay/Ethnobotany.htm | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kawaiisu | Sambucus | kunuguvɨ | Sambucus caerulea | inheritance | *kunuki | Proto-Numic | Stubbs 180 (2008:64) | same | other complex | kunugu-vɨ elderberry-ABS | bɨ, pɨ | bɨ, pɨ seem to classify for plants, trees | 1981 Zigmond | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||
| Kiliwa | Sambucus | x?wa?=msqhaan | elderberry in English-Kiliwa, Sycamore (Platanus racemosus) in Kiliwa-English??? | unique | same | phrase | clearly complex but root elements undefined | Mixco 1985 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kitanemuk | Sambucus | hukwat | ˈhukʷat | tree sp: elderberry | inheritance | *kuhu- | Californian | probably from hu-ku'V-t and in S179; kuhut also recorded; but note Cahuilla hunkat, perhaps a second set | same | other complex | ˈhukʷa-t elderberry-npn (may be from hu-kuha-t wood-elderberry -npn although Anderton doesn't entertain this) | -niw | possessive classifier for things | Anderton 1988:320 | no info | 2 | 1 | berries eaten | 1 | flowers for tea for catarrh | gathered (wild) | women | all parts of plants used (men may have gathered wood, for bows, etc.) | 0 | 0 | North America | below 4500 feet in moist areas | no | ||||||||||
| Lake Miwok | Sambucus | kíTen | elderberry tree (et) | loan | Northern Pomo | Note Northern Pomo kiTē “elderberry”; Callaghan 1962:103 also notes Mu xitna; JHH notes Wappo k'aTe | underived | Callaghan 1965 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Luiseño | Sambucus | kúuta | ʹku:ta | elderberry | inheritance | *kuʔu/kuhu- | Californian | S179 (Stubbs 2009:64) | same | other complex | ʹku:-ta elderberry-non.possessed.noun | Elliott 1999:425 | no info | 2 | 1 | “much liked” Sparkman 1908:195 | 1 | “for female complaints” use flowers (Sparkman 1908:229) | gathered (wild) | women | cooked and eaten fresh, or dried and stored for boiling, flour. Mixed with chia (Sparkman 1908:195-6) | 0 | 0 | North America | below 4500 feet in moist areas | no | ||||||||||||
| Maidu | Sambucus | lòkóm hìní | elderberry | unique | phrase | many seeds | Shipley 1963 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mojave | Sambucus | missing | missing | missing | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutsun | Sambucus | čisnan | elder (tree, flower) | inheritance | Costanoan | Pinart has in Co I, II, III, IV | underived | Okrand 1977:83 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nisenan | Sambucus | k'ak'am | elderberry OK CHM) | unique | reduplicated | Uldall & Shipley 1966 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Northern Paiute | Sambucus | hooboo | elderberry (M: Elder (Sambucus) | inheritance | *hup/*hu'up | Numic | Stubbs 186 (2008:65) | same | underived | Merriam 61:151 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Northern Sierra Miwok | Sambucus | 7angtaj-y- | elderberry | inheritance | *7anTaj | Miwokan | Callaghan 1971; Callaghan 1997:19 | other complex | -y nominalizer | Callaghan 1987 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Plains Miwok | Sambucus | la:pa- | elderberry tree (CHM confirms) | unique | underived | Callaghan 1984 (p. 305) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Salinan A | Sambucus | tet-tah'-kul | Elder | unique | Salinan | reduplicated | Merriam 55:385 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Salinan M | Sambucus | tetáp<ko:L | elderberries (Merriam 55:385 confirms as Sambucus glauca, the plant) | unique | Salinan | reduplicated | Mason 1918:129 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Seri (Comcaac) | Sambucus | missing | missing | missing | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Serrano | Sambucus | ku:ht | elderberry, elderberry tree | inheritance | *kuhu- | Californian | S179 | other complex | -t NPN | KCHill ms 2001:24 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Southern Paiute | Sambucus | qunuguivɨ | Huckleberry (this is the cognate JHH) | inheritance | *kunuki | Proto-Numic | Stubbs 180 (2008:64) | same | other complex | has -pɨ ABS | Sapir 1930:642 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Southern Sierra Miwok | Sambucus | 7angt-aj- | elder, Mountain blueberry | inheritance | *7anTaj | Miwokan | Callaghan 1971; Callaghan 1997;19 | other complex | -aj theme | Broadbent 1964: | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Southern Ute | Sambucus | missing | missing | missing | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tübatulabal | Sambucus | kūhuppül | ku:huˈpɨl | Elderberry, Sambucus velutina | inheritance | *kuʔu/kuhu- | Californian | S179 (Stubbs 2009:64) | same | derived | ku:huˈ-pɨ-l elderberry-deriv.suffix-npn | Hill 2010:36 | no info | 2 | 1 | berries | no info | almost certainly used elderberry tea | gathered (wild) | all | wood used for tools, as well as berries for food | 0 | 0 | North America | below 4500 feet in moist areas | no | ||||||||||||
| Tümpisa Shoshone | Sambucus | kunuki | elderberry | inheritance | *kunuki | Proto-Numic | Stubbs 180 (2008:64) | same | underived | Dayley 1989:69 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wappo | Sambucus | k'áTe | elderberry tree (CHM confirms 52:583) | loan | Pomo | Note Northern Pomo kiTē “elderberry”; Mil kiTen; Callaghan 1962:103 also notes Mu xitna; | underived | Sawyer 1965 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Washo | Sambucus | bá:du7 | elderberry | unique | underived | WPD | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Western Mono | Sambucus | kunugibɨ | valley elderberry (bush) (Sambucus sp.) | inheritance | *kunuki- | Proto-Numic | Stubbs 180 (2008:64) | same | derived | historically has suffix -ki | -pɨ | Bethel et al.:53 | name of a division of the yayanchi (Eagle) moiety (kunugechi) Gifford p. 34; chief with eagle totem came from this division | 2 | 1 | berries eaten in various preparations | 1 | tea | gathered (wild) | women | women make diverse preparations of berries (also used for wood) | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||
| Wintu | Sambucus | 7apmi | elderberry tree | unique | compound | < 7ap “elderberry”, mi: “tree” | Pitkin 1985 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yavapai | Sambucus | tàttăla | elderberry | unique | unknown | Shaterian 1983 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yokuts Palewyami | Sambucus | wiši·tʰaɂ | elder, tree | inheritance | *wiše:thaɂ (NY) | Yokutsan | Merriam has seng'-el-tan; K 1961:219 gives Yd wicèta, Chuk ucèta; Golla 1964:61 | same | underived | Gamble 1991 (from Harrington) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yokuts Yawdanchi | Sambucus | wicèta | elder tree (Merriam confirms Sambuus) | inheritance | *wiše:thaɂ (NY) | Yokutsan | Golla 1964:61 | same | underived | K 1907:236 relates to wicit erectio penis | Kroeber 1961:219 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Yokuts Yowlumne | Sambucus | we-sā'-tah | Elder (Sambucus), the tree | inheritance | *wiše:thaɂ (NY) | Yokutsan | Golla 1964:61 | same | underived | Merriam 58:567 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yuki | Sambucus | kew'-e MWO | elder | inheritance | *kiwi | Yukian | Schlichter 1985 | other complex | -i a noun siffix | Sawyer & Schlichter 1984 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yuma | Sambucus | missing | missing | missing | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no |
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