fox
- Semantic Field
- flora-fauna
- Part of Speech
- Meaning Spanish
- Meaning Portuguese
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Languages
| Language | Linnean Name | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Etymology Notes | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Range of Term | Word Structure | Word Structure Notes | Classifier | Classifier Notes | Hypernym | Source | Association with Social Categories | Ritual/Mythologically Significant | Ritual Notes | Food Source | Food Notes | Medicinal | Medicinal Notes | How Collected | Who Collects | How Prepared | Psychotropic | Psychotropic Notes | Traded | Trade Notes | Distribution | Habitat | Dangerous | Ethnobiology Notes | Species Notes | General Notes |
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Language | Linnean Name | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Etymology Notes | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Range of Term | Word Structure | Word Structure Notes | Classifier | Classifier Notes | Hypernym | Source | Association with Social Categories | Ritual/Mythologically Significant | Ritual Notes | Food Source | Food Notes | Medicinal | Medicinal Notes | How Collected | Who Collects | How Prepared | Psychotropic | Psychotropic Notes | Traded | Trade Notes | Distribution | Habitat | Dangerous | Ethnobiology Notes | Species Notes | General Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bankalachi Toloim | Vulpes, Urocyon | ow'-chă | Fox | loan | Yokuts | Proto-NimYokuts *7aw'chha7 (Golla 1964:62) | WW | %kaw | same | underived | C. H. Merriam 72-77, 60-449 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Big Smokey Valley Shoshone | Vulpes, Urocyon | waahni | fox (M: Gray fox (Urocyon) | inheritance | *waCni | Northern Uto-Aztecan | Stubbs 562 (2008:113) | same | underived | Crapo 1976;134 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cahuilla | Vulpes, Urocyon | qáwisiš | ˈqawisiʃ | fox | inheritance | *kawosi- | Uto-Aztecan | S556 (Stubbs 2009:113) | WW | %kaw | narrower (Merriam records this only for Urocyon, “Gray Fox”, contrasting with wilyily “Desert Fox”, Vulpes macrotis | other complex | ˈqawisi-ʃ (root looks long for simplex -- this may be loan into Takic) | -7aʃ “pet” | Possessive classifier -7aʃ | Seiler&Hioki 1979:168 | Fox is a Wildcat Moiety animal (Strong 1929:109) | 2 | skins used for ceremonial objects (Bean 1972:63) | 2 | no info | hunted | Men | mainly for skins | 0 | 0 | All Americas | Diverse habitats | no | |||||||||
| Central Sierra Miwok | Vulpes, Urocyon | júw:ely- | red fox | inheritance | *juw:el | Eastern Miwokan | Callaghan 1971 | other complex | -y nominalizer | Freeland & Broadbent 1960 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chemehuevi | Vulpes, Urocyon | hon-ze, hŏn-tsee' | ontsi(A) “kit fox” Press | Gray fox (Urocyon) | unique | same | underived | Merriam 59:521 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chumash Barbareno | Vulpes, Urocyon | knɨy | fox | unique | Central Chumash only | underived | Ono 85; Beeler 1978:178 | 2 | approaches house to warn of death | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chumash Ineseno | Vulpes, Urocyon | k'noo'-e | Gray fox (Urocyon) | inheritance | Central Chumash only | Central Chumash | underived | Merriam 55:3 | 2 | approaches house to warn of death | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chumash Obispeno | Vulpes, Urocyon | missing | missing | missing | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chumash Ventureno | Vulpes, Urocyon | haw' | fox | unique | Is this a loan? Seems like I've seen a similar form somewhere | WW | %kaw | underived | JPH III:91:0044 | 2 | approaches house to warn of death | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cocopa | Vulpes, Urocyon | màţkawá· | gray fox | inheritance | *p-rxa·w/m-rxa·w | Proto-Yuman | Langdon 1979:637 FOX | same | phrase | màţ is “earth”; kawá· appears only in this word | Crawford 1989 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Comanche | Vulpes, Urocyon | ekatseena? | red fox [Vulpes] | unique | same | phrase | red-wild.canid | Robinson & Armagost 1990:161 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cupeño | Vulpes, Urocyon | kawisish | kaˈwisiʃ | fox | inheritance | *kawosi- | Uto-Aztecan | S556 (Stubbs 2009:113) | WW | %kaw | same | other complex | kaˈwisi-ʃ fox-npn (root may be complex) | -ʔaʃ "pet" | possessive classifier for animals | Hill & Nolasquez 1973:158 | no info | 2 | 2 | no info | hunted | men | skins for quivers | 0 | 0 | Americas | diverse habitats | no | ||||||||||
| Esselen | Vulpes, Urocyon | huniša | fox | unique | Esselen | other complex | -$a animal suffix | -$a | Heizer/Pinart I:79 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gabrielino | Vulpes, Urocyon | e-row' | ʔiˈra:w (?) | “Desert fox, Vulpes macrotis group” | unique | same | underived | no npn | -ʔaʧ “pet | possessive classifier for animals | http://www.archive.org/stream/bancroft_chartmerriam_1556_60#page/n415/mode/2up; p. 415 | no info | 2 | Couplet in Luiseno, so probably at Creator's mourning ceremony | 2 | McC116 (Fages) | no info | hunted | men | skins used for quivers | 0 | 0 | hides often trade | Americas | Diverse habitats | no | ||||||||||||
| Iipay 'Aa | Vulpes, Urocyon | parhaaw | fox (Merriam Urocyon, Gray fox) | inheritance | *p-rxa·w/m-rxa·w | Proto-Yuman | Langdon 1979:637 FOX | WW | %kaw | same | underived | Couro & Hutcheson 1973 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Kawaiisu | Vulpes, Urocyon | woziya | fox (not kit fox) | inheritance | *woci'a | Proto-Numic | Stubbs 557a | same | underived | Zigmond et al. | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kiliwa | Vulpes, Urocyon | pnxaaw | fox (probably Kit Fox, Vulpes macrotis) | inheritance | *p-rxa·w/m-rxa·w | Proto-Yuman | Langdon 1979:637 FOX | WW | %kaw | same | underived | Mixco 1985 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Kitanemuk | Vulpes, Urocyon | kawčač | ˈkawʧraʧr | fox (used for quiver) | inheritance | *kawosi | Northern Uto-Aztecan | S556; I don't like his Tarahumara form (Stubbs 2009:113) | WW | %kaw | narrower (does not include desert fox) | other complex | ˈkawʧra-ʧr fox-npn | -ʔacit "pet" | possessive classifier for animals | Anderton 1988:347 | no info | 2 | 2 | surely hunted for skin for quiver | no info | hunted | men | for skin | 0 | 0 | skins often traded | Americas | Diverse habitats | no | ||||||||
| Lake Miwok | Vulpes, Urocyon | túucaj | fox (et) (CHM says Urocyon 57:513) | loan | Patwin | Note Patwin t'ucay “coyote”, S. pomo duZa “fox” 144 | other complex | -aj is suffix | Callaghan 1965 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Luiseño | Vulpes, Urocyon | qewéewish | qeʹwe:wiʃ | fox | inheritance | *kawosi- | Uto-Aztecan | S556 (Stubbs 2009:113) | WW | %kaw | narrower (does not include Vulpes, Kit fox/Desert fox, as far as I know) | other complex | qeʹwe:wi-ʃ fox-non.possessed.noun | -ʔaʃ "pet" | possessive classifier; NPN form of noun is ʔaʃla | Elliott 1999:807 | Clan name at Rincon (Strong 1979:277) | 2 | couplet: muuta, qeweewish | 2 | almost certainly not eaten | no info | hunted | men | skin used for quiver (Sparkman 1908:206) | 0 | 0 | Americas | diverse habitats | no | ||||||||
| Maidu | Vulpes, Urocyon | hàwí | fox | loan into protolanguage | *haw | Maiduan | unknown | Ultan 1964:363 # 59 | WW | %kaw | other complex | -i is stem former | Shipley 1963 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||
| Mojave | Vulpes, Urocyon | marho | gray fox | inheritance | *p-rxa·w/m-rxa·w | Proto-Yuman | Langdon's 1976 FOX, Find again | same | underived | Munro et al.1992 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutsun | Vulpes, Urocyon | yah”-we | Gray fox (Urocyon) (or Mephitis? in pencil) | unique | underived | Merriam 55:403 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nisenan | Vulpes, Urocyon | haw | fox (Merriam confirms Urocyon, gray fox) | loan into protolanguage | *haw | Maiduan | unknown | Ultan 1964:363 #59; Callaghan 2001:325 matches PW *ha:w, Pynim *7aw'chHa- | WW | %kaw | underived | Uldall & Shipley 1966 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Northern Paiute | Vulpes, Urocyon | wannge'e | Fox (M: Gray fox (Urocyon) | inheritance | *waCni | Northern Uto-Aztecan | Stubbs 562 (2008:113) | same | underived | Yerington Dictionary | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Northern Sierra Miwok | Vulpes, Urocyon | wac:ih:a- | fox (Merriam confirms gray fox 57:417) | loan | Central Numic | S557a NUA *wanci7a “fox” ; Proto-Numic *woci'a; looks like loan from a variety with *wa, but N. Paiute has a different word from S562 *waCni; W. Mono has a Yokuts loan ha'wutsa'. Suggests that Numic recon should be *waci'a, with *a>o recent. | underived | Callaghan 1987 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Plains Miwok | Vulpes, Urocyon | ju:wel, | fox (CHM has ju:wel as Urocyon) | inheritance | *juw:el- | Eastern Miwokan | Callaghan 1971, 1997:58 | underived | Callaghan 1984 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Salinan A | Vulpes, Urocyon | sto7 | fox (Merriam Gray Fox Urocyon 55:365) | unique | Salinan | other complex | s- animal prefix | Mason 1918:124; Turner 1980:74 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Salinan M | Vulpes, Urocyon | sto' | fox (Merriam Gray Fox (Urocyon) 55:365) | unique | Salinan | other complex | s- animal prefix | Mason 1918:124 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Seri (Comcaac) | Vulpes, Urocyon | xees | gray fox, Urocyon cinereoargenteus | unique | same | underived | Comcaac Dictionary 584 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Serrano | Vulpes, Urocyon | qor:Ta-T | fox (CHM confirms Urocyon 72:27 | inheritance | *kawosi | Northern Uto-Aztecan | S556 (Stubbs 2009;113); this is an unusual development from *kawo, not really a nice cognate. | other complex | -t NPN | KCHill ms 2001:50 from original file slip | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Southern Paiute | Vulpes, Urocyon | tavangwaimpitsI | Fox | unique | See S. Ute tavíic?ą-cI | narrower (surely one of the 3 kinds of fox; Sapir doesn't say which) | other complex | has -pɨtsI ABS; Givon 1979 suggests the tav- here might be “sun” | Sapir 1930:669 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Southern Sierra Miwok | Vulpes, Urocyon | juw:el- | fox | inheritance | *juw:el | Eastern Miwokan | Callaghan 1971 | underived | Broadbent 1964: | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Southern Ute | Vulpes, Urocyon | tavíic?ą-cI | fox | unique | see S. Paiute tavangwaimpitsI | broader (there are several kinds of foxes) | other complex | has -ci ABS; historically might be sun-catcher-ABS | Givon 1979 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tübatulabal | Vulpes, Urocyon | iklōpal | ʔiklo:ˈbal | fox | inheritance | *kalopV- | Uto-Aztecan | S560 (Stubbs 2009:113) tries to link this to Tubar kahulowi, possibly *kalop. I think is dubious but might work. Reconstruction is surely wrong -- maybe *kawo-lopV | narrower (probably desert fox, Vulpes macrotis) | other complex | ʔiklo:ˈba-l fox-npn (root must be derived historically) | Hill 2010:26 | no info | 2 | 2 | no info | hunted | men | for pelt, used for quiver, etc. | 0 | 0 | Americas | Diverse habitats | no | ||||||||||||||
| Tümpisa Shoshone | Vulpes, Urocyon | wotsia | Gray fox | inheritance | *woci'a | Proto-Numic | Stubbs 557a | same | underived | Dayley 1989:390 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wappo | Vulpes, Urocyon | lúhcha | fox? wolf? | loan | Pomo | Proto-pomo *du:cá “fox” (McLendon 1973:77 | underived | Sawyer 1965 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Washo | Vulpes, Urocyon | wátziha | fox sp. loan | gray fox | loan | Northern Sierra Miwok | Mins wac:ih:a- is in turn a loan from Numic ; S557a NUA *wanci7a “fox”. | underived | Merriam 55:297 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Western Mono | Vulpes, Urocyon | ha'wutsa' | fox | loan | Yokuts | Note Chukchansi ow'-wooCH (also resembles Sutbbs 557a, Fowler's *woci'a in Numic, but is not cognate | WW | %kaw | same | underived | Bethel et al.:27 | no info | 2 | 2 | no info | hunted | men | skin for quivers, leggings, etc. | 0 | 0 | Eastern Mono brought fox-skin leggings to trade (Gayton 2:215) | no | ||||||||||||||||
| Wintu | Vulpes, Urocyon | 7uwe ha:w | common gray fox | loan into protolanguage | *ha:w | Wintun | unknown | Shepherd 2005; identical form in Proto-Maidu, perhaps related to Yokutsan words | WW | %kaw | relative clause | Pitkin 1985 says ha:w “probably a kenning originally” (from “go”, keep going”; he glosses 7uwe as “just that way” | Schlichter 1981 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||
| Yavapai | Vulpes, Urocyon | qqór | fox | inheritance | *p-rxa·w/m-rxa·w | Proto-Yuman | Langdon 1979:637 FOX | unknown | Shaterian 1983 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yokuts Palewyami | Vulpes, Urocyon | ow'-chah | Gray fox (Urocyon) | inheritance | *ɂawčhaɂ (NY) | Yokutsan | Golla 1964:62; Callaghan 2001:325 notes PW *ha:w “fox”, PM *haw “gray fox”, considers this YU-W-M, notes also Mim Ah-wah-ke “gray fox (Merriam) | same | underived | Merriam 58:515 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yokuts Yawdanchi | Vulpes, Urocyon | au'tca | fox (Merriam: Gray fox (WIK 58:357) | inheritance | *ɂawčhaɂ (NY) | Yokutsan | Golla 1964:62; Callaghan 2001:325 notes PW *ha:w “fox”, PM *haw “gray fox”, considers this YU-W-M, notes also Mim Ah-wah-ke “gray fox (Merriam) | WW | %kaw | same | underived | Kroeber 1961:199 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Yokuts Yowlumne | Vulpes, Urocyon | au'tca, 'aw'ca' | fox (Merriam confirms gray fox, Urocyon 58:547) | inheritance | *ɂawčhaɂ (NY) | Yokutsan | Golla 1964:62; Callaghan 2001:325 notes PW *ha:w “fox”, PM *haw “gray fox”, considers this YU-W-M, notes also Mim Ah-wah-ke “gray fox (Merriam) | WW | %kaw | same | underived | Kroeber 1961:199 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Yuki | Vulpes, Urocyon | yuk=wáN-shi Cs | fox (CHM Gray fox, Urocyon) | unique | phrase | unknown elements | Sawyer & Schlichter 1984 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yuma | Vulpes, Urocyon | met-kwah-vah' | Gray fox (urocyon) | inheritance | *p-rxa·w/m-rxa·w | Proto-Yuman | Langdon 1979:637 FOX; note Cocopa màţkawá·, Yuma form MIGHT be a loan from Cocopa | unknown | Merriam 61:449 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no |
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