Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

bald eagle

Semantic Field
flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
Meaning Portuguese

Languages

Language Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes
Bankalachi Toloim Haliaeetus leucocephalus o'-wik Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) loan Yokuts Yowlumne aw-wik; o'-wik; Wikchamni o-wik; Pawelyami o'-wik, so Proto-Yokutsan same underived C. H. Merriam 72-77, 60-453 1 2 0 0 1 no
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone Haliaeetus leucocephalus be'-ah gwin'-nah bald eagle (Halioeetus) inheritance *kwi'na Numic Stubbs 717b (2008;131) Western, Central Numic; this adds “big” same phrase big eagle -- note that sometimes Golden Eagle gets this label Merriam 61:73 1 2 0 0 1 no
Cahuilla Haliaeetus leucocephalus pah-moos ˈpamuɁiʃ Bald eagle inheritance *pamu7- Cupan Luiseño pam7ush “bald eagle”, Cupeño pa7mush “bird sp., a water bird”; not in Stubbs same derived May have the pa- prefix. Merriam gives pahmoos for Palm Springs dialect, but pah'-mo-is for all others (Cahuilla does not have /o/) -7aʃ “pet” Possessive classifier -7aʃ wikikmal (?) http://www.archive.org/stream/bancroft_chartmerriam_1556_60#page/n155/mode/2up, p. 163 Bald Eagle is a Wildcat Moiety animal (Strong 1929:109) 1 Eagles ceremonially raised and killed at Eagle Dance (see Strong 1929:83-4); feathers used in dance skirts, headdressed 2 Bean 1972:60 says eagles not eaten. Killed eagles were buried ceremonially after feathers were collected. 1 feathers used for shaman's wands, fans hunted Men eaglets captured and kept alive, raised to maturity for the dance. Feathers used for eagle-feather ceremonial skirts. 0 1 feathered skirts were traded North America Prefers habitat with large areas of water; this is a fishing bird no
Central Sierra Miwok Haliaeetus leucocephalus missing missing missing 1 2 0 0 1 no
Chemehuevi Haliaeetus leucocephalus pah'-wung; pah'-wik; no-no'-nov paˈwəŋI JPH Bald eagle (Halioeetus) inheritance Southern Numic only See Kawaiisu “muhni” “eagle” (Merriam transcription); this is pa-wuhni with lenited /m/ after pa-S (spirantizing transition) same phrase paˈ-wəŋI < pa pa-ˈməŋI water-eagle Merriam 59:525 1 2 0 0 1 no
Chumash Barbareno Haliaeetus leucocephalus missing missing missing 1 2 0 0 1 no
Chumash Ineseno Haliaeetus leucocephalus mahCH-he'-wah bald eagle inheritance Central Chumash only Central Chumash underived probably complex, but impossible to identify morphemes Merriam 55:7 1 2 0 0 1 no
Chumash Obispeno Haliaeetus leucocephalus tʃinatʸi white-headed eagle unique Note Salinan M snai underived Harrington III:1:0078 1 2 0 0 1 no
Chumash Ventureno Haliaeetus leucocephalus mah'-ke-wo bald eagle unique Central Chumash only 7almaxwo? See 27, JPH's “aura” underived Merriam 55:41 1 2 0 0 1 no
Cocopa Haliaeetus leucocephalus missing missing missing 1 2 0 0 1 no
Comanche Haliaeetus leucocephalus missing missing missing 1 2 0 0 1 no
Cupeño Haliaeetus leucocephalus pa7mush ˈpaʔmuʃ a water bird inheritance *pamu7- Cupan Luiseño pam7ush “bald eagle”, Cahuilla pamu7ish “bald eagle”; not in Stubbs same other complex ˈpaʔmu-ʃ bald.eagle-npn -ʔaʃ "pet" possessive classifier for animals not a mukikmal as far as I know Hill & Nolasquez 1973:167 no info 1 killed in Eagle Ceremony; skirts for dance made of eagle feathers 2 probably not eaten; Luiseño, Cahuilla did not eat no info hunted men eaglets captured and raised, eagle killed by suffocation at dance, feathers plucked for skirts, headdresses, wands 0 1 eagle feather regalia bought and sold North America Prefers habitat with large areas of water; this is a fishing bird no
Esselen Haliaeetus leucocephalus missing missing missing 1 2 0 0 1 no
Gabrielino Haliaeetus leucocephalus pa:m'o$ ˈpa:mʔoş esa águila grande que tiene la cabeza blanca loan Cupan Cupeño pa7mush “bird sp., a water bird”, Cahuilla pamu7ish “bald eagle”, Luiseno ʹpa:mɁuʃ (not in Stubbs) (re Cup. form, Bald Eagle is a fishing bird). The non-correspondent final -$ in Gabrielino argues for a loan same underived no npn (if not a loan, word may have derivation with pa: “big”? -ʔaʧ “pet” possessive classifier for animals Harrington 66 no info 1 eagle ceremony, feathers in dance regalis 2 McC does not mention but is Chingichngish animal no info hunted men eaglets captured and raised for eagle ceremony, feathers kept for ceremonial regalia 0 1 eagle-feather regalia traded North America Prefers habitat with large areas of water; this is a fishing bird no
Iipay 'Aa Haliaeetus leucocephalus expa uru bald eagle unique same phrase eagle ? Kroeber & Harrington 1914:181 1 2 0 0 1 no
Kawaiisu Haliaeetus leucocephalus pa-wiku bald eagle unique water-buzzard (neologism?) same phrase pa-wiku water-buzzard (probably “water”, not “big” as bald eagle is a fishing bird Zigmond et al. 1 2 0 0 1 no
Kiliwa Haliaeetus leucocephalus missing missing missing 1 2 0 0 1 no
Kitanemuk Haliaeetus leucocephalus pamoiš ˈpamoiʃ white-headed eagle loan Cahuilla Cupeño pa7mush “bird sp., a water bird”, Cahuilla pamu7ish “bald eagle”, Luiseno ʹpa:mɁuʃ (not in Stubbs) (re Cup. form, Bald Eagle is a fishing bird). The non-correspondent final -ʃ and the odd /o/ in Kitanemuk argue for loan status -- perhaps from Cahu same underived possibly ˈpa-moiʃ but second part is not meaningful in any of the languages -ʔacit "pet" possessive classifier for animals Anderton 1988:458 no info 1 feathers in ritual regalia; killed in Eagle Ceremony 2 often not eaten no info hunted men eaglets raised, smothered in dance, feathers kept 0 1 feather regalia traded North America Prefers habitat with large areas of water; this is a fishing bird no
Lake Miwok Haliaeetus leucocephalus pahn'-nak sool bald eagle loan Hill Patwin pahnak may be paanak “not to behave in a certain way”??? (this is a fishing eagle, not like Golden Eagle which is scavenger JHH) phrase X eagle Merriam 57:517 1 2 0 0 1 no
Luiseño Haliaeetus leucocephalus páam'ush ʹpa:mɁuʃ eagle sp., Sparkman: White-headed or bald eagle, found only on coast inheritance *pamu7- Cupan Cupeño pa7mush “bird sp., a water bird”, Cahuilla pamu7ish “bald eagle” (not in Stubbs) (re Cup. form, Bald Eagle is a fishing bird) same other complex ʹpa:mɁu-ʃ “bald.eagle-non.possessed.noun” -ʔaʃ "pet" possessive classifier; NPN form of noun is ʔaʃla uncertain if is 7ehéngmal Elliott 1999:667 no info 1 feathers can be used in skirts for dance; a Chingichngish animal; killed in Eagle Ceremony 2 not eaten (Kroeber 1925:652) no info hunted men fledglings raised to maturity, killed in ceremony, fathers kept for dance skirts 0 1 eagle-feather dance skirts a very expensive trade item North America Prefers habitat with large areas of water; this is a fishing bird no
Maidu Haliaeetus leucocephalus bo-po-să bald eagle unique other complex note bo- also in red-tailed hawk Merriam 57:41 1 bald eagle and golden eagle are Eagle Brothers, live together CHM 57:41 2 0 0 1 no
Mojave Haliaeetus leucocephalus ɂaspa 'achii kwachtha type of eagle that eats fish inheritance Colorado River Yuman Yuma as-spah'-et-se'-kwit-sah' same phrase ɂaspa 'achii kwachtha eagle fish ? Munro et al.1992 1 2 0 0 1 no
Mutsun Haliaeetus leucocephalus missing missing missing 1 2 0 0 1 no
Nisenan Haliaeetus leucocephalus took-took' bald eagle unique reduplicated Merriam 57:233 1 2 0 0 1 no
Northern Paiute Haliaeetus leucocephalus toha tsopege ggwe'na'a Bald eagle (Halioeetus) (white hair eagle) unique might be a calqued neologism, “White-headed Eagle” appears in the W. Mono dictionary, possibly a local common name same phrase white head eagle (is tsopigi a bahuvrihi?? Dunno) Yerington Dictionary 1 2 0 0 1 no
Northern Sierra Miwok Haliaeetus leucocephalus missing missing missing 1 2 0 0 1 no
Plains Miwok Haliaeetus leucocephalus ho'-pah Bald eagle unique underived Merriam 57:485 1 2 0 0 1 no
Salinan A Haliaeetus leucocephalus mut'-trahl trah'-ko si'-yŭ maTal Tak'o sayo7 bald eagle (white-head-eagle) unique loan translation from elicitation? phrase Merriam 55:371 1 2 0 0 1 no
Salinan M Haliaeetus leucocephalus missing missing missing 1 2 0 0 1 no
Seri (Comcaac) Haliaeetus leucocephalus missing missing missing 1 2 0 0 1 no
Serrano Haliaeetus leucocephalus missing missing missing 1 2 0 0 1 no
Southern Paiute Haliaeetus leucocephalus si'-kwah Bald eagle (Halioetus leucocephalus) unique may contain kwana “eagle” underived? looks phrasal etymologicaly but I can't figure out si'- /say/ or /sa'i/ right now) Merriam's Ki-vav-vit 61:359 1 2 0 0 1 no
Southern Sierra Miwok Haliaeetus leucocephalus missing missing missing 1 2 0 0 1 no
Southern Ute Haliaeetus leucocephalus píą-gwaná-cI bald-eagle unique same phrase mother-eagle-ABS Givon 1979 1 2 0 0 1 no
Tübatulabal Haliaeetus leucocephalus missing missing missing 1 2 0 0 1 no
Tümpisa Shoshone Haliaeetus leucocephalus missing missing missing 1 2 0 0 1 no
Wappo Haliaeetus leucocephalus ah-wā-ko'-mah bald eagle unique Note Yokutsan owik “bald eagle phrase elements unknown Merriam 52:569 1 2 0 0 1 no
Washo Haliaeetus leucocephalus gă'-wet-ah-mah'-hah bald eagle unique phrase morphology unknown Merriam 55:231 1 2 0 0 1 no
Western Mono Haliaeetus leucocephalus kwin'-nah a-bah hu-ah-kwe kwi'na' pakwi (pahuupu'i “dive”??? Bald Eagle “White-headed Eagle” unique *kwi'na *pa:-kɨyu Proto-Numic Stubbs 717b, 864 (2008); may be a neologism (Northern Paiute has white-head-eagle) same phrase eagle fish ? Merriam 59:71 a totem animal in Moiety II (Kroeber 1925:588) 1 totem animal 2 no info no info no info no info 0 1 chiefs could sell eagle down, eagle leg + claw, but of Bald Eagle??? no
Wintu Haliaeetus leucocephalus moi'-e-hahs, moi'-ye-hus Merriam consistent with similar forms across nearly all dialects for bald eagle (Merriam; he has this form k'acet for “golden eagle” 56:69)) unique other complex Merriam 56:7, 56:69 1 2 0 0 1 no
Yavapai Haliaeetus leucocephalus missing missing missing 1 2 0 0 1 no
Yokuts Palewyami Haliaeetus leucocephalus o-wik' Kroeber owik 1961;202 bald eagle, fish hawk inheritance Yokutsan nearly universal in Kroeber same underived Merriam 58:521 1 2 0 0 1 no
Yokuts Yawdanchi Haliaeetus leucocephalus owik bald eagle inheritance Yokutsan unless Pal. form is really Yowlumne, this is Yokutsan; all but two forms in Kroeber are this one; note Wappo ah-wā-ko'-mah same underived Kroeber 1961:202 1 2 0 0 1 no
Yokuts Yowlumne Haliaeetus leucocephalus owik bald eagle inheritance Yokutsan unless Pal. form is really Yowlumne, this is Yokutsan; all but two forms in Kroeber are this one same underived Kroeber 1961:202 1 2 0 0 1 no
Yuki Haliaeetus leucocephalus pahl' MWO bald eagle (Elmendorf uses (B) sa 1993:231 inheritance *pal Yukian Schlichter 1985 underived Sawyer & Schlichter 1984 1 2 0 0 1 no
Yuma Haliaeetus leucocephalus as-spah'-et-se'-kwit-sah' Bald eagle (Halioeetus) inheritance Colorado River Yuman only Mojave ɂaspa 'achii kwachtha “eagle that eats fish” unknown Merriam 61:455 1 2 0 0 1 no