Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

bald eagle

Semantic Field: flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
Meaning Portuguese

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Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Hypernym	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	Medicinal Notes	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Psychotropic Notes	Traded	Trade Notes	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous	Ethnobiology Notes	Species Notes	General Notes

Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Hypernym	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	Medicinal Notes	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Traded	Trade Notes	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous
Bankalachi Toloim	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	o'-wik		Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)	loan			Yokuts	Yowlumne aw-wik; o'-wik; Wikchamni o-wik; Pawelyami o'-wik, so Proto-Yokutsan	same	underived					C. H. Merriam 72-77, 60-453		1		2		0					1				no
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	be'-ah gwin'-nah		bald eagle (Halioeetus)	inheritance	*kwi'na	Numic		Stubbs 717b (2008;131) Western, Central Numic; this adds “big”	same	phrase	big eagle -- note that sometimes Golden Eagle gets this label				Merriam 61:73		1		2		0					1				no
Cahuilla	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	pah-moos	ˈpamuɁiʃ	Bald eagle	inheritance	*pamu7-	Cupan		Luiseño pam7ush “bald eagle”, Cupeño pa7mush “bird sp., a water bird”; not in Stubbs	same	derived	May have the pa- prefix. Merriam gives pahmoos for Palm Springs dialect, but pah'-mo-is for all others (Cahuilla does not have /o/)	-7aʃ “pet”	Possessive classifier -7aʃ	wikikmal (?)	http://www.archive.org/stream/bancroft_chartmerriam_1556_60#page/n155/mode/2up, p. 163	Bald Eagle is a Wildcat Moiety animal (Strong 1929:109)	1	Eagles ceremonially raised and killed at Eagle Dance (see Strong 1929:83-4); feathers used in dance skirts, headdressed	2	Bean 1972:60 says eagles not eaten. Killed eagles were buried ceremonially after feathers were collected.	1	feathers used for shaman's wands, fans	hunted	Men	eaglets captured and kept alive, raised to maturity for the dance. Feathers used for eagle-feather ceremonial skirts.	1	feathered skirts were traded	North America	Prefers habitat with large areas of water; this is a fishing bird	no
Central Sierra Miwok	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	missing			missing						missing							1		2		0					1				no
Chemehuevi	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	pah'-wung; pah'-wik; no-no'-nov	paˈwəŋI JPH	Bald eagle (Halioeetus)	inheritance		Southern Numic only		See Kawaiisu “muhni” “eagle” (Merriam transcription); this is pa-wuhni with lenited /m/ after pa-S (spirantizing transition)	same	phrase	paˈ-wəŋI < pa pa-ˈməŋI water-eagle				Merriam 59:525		1		2		0					1				no
Chumash Barbareno	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	missing			missing						missing							1		2		0					1				no
Chumash Ineseno	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	mahCH-he'-wah		bald eagle	inheritance		Central Chumash only		Central Chumash		underived	probably complex, but impossible to identify morphemes				Merriam 55:7		1		2		0					1				no
Chumash Obispeno	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	tʃinatʸi		white-headed eagle	unique				Note Salinan M snai		underived					Harrington III:1:0078		1		2		0					1				no
Chumash Ventureno	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	mah'-ke-wo		bald eagle	unique		Central Chumash only		7almaxwo? See 27, JPH's “aura”		underived					Merriam 55:41		1		2		0					1				no
Cocopa	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	missing			missing						missing							1		2		0					1				no
Comanche	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	missing			missing						missing							1		2		0					1				no
Cupeño	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	pa7mush	ˈpaʔmuʃ	a water bird	inheritance	*pamu7-	Cupan		Luiseño pam7ush “bald eagle”, Cahuilla pamu7ish “bald eagle”; not in Stubbs	same	other complex	ˈpaʔmu-ʃ bald.eagle-npn	-ʔaʃ "pet"	possessive classifier for animals	not a mukikmal as far as I know	Hill & Nolasquez 1973:167	no info	1	killed in Eagle Ceremony; skirts for dance made of eagle feathers	2	probably not eaten; Luiseño, Cahuilla did not eat	no info		hunted	men	eaglets captured and raised, eagle killed by suffocation at dance, feathers plucked for skirts, headdresses, wands	1	eagle feather regalia bought and sold	North America	Prefers habitat with large areas of water; this is a fishing bird	no
Esselen	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	missing			missing						missing							1		2		0					1				no
Gabrielino	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	pa:m'o$	ˈpa:mʔoş	esa águila grande que tiene la cabeza blanca	loan			Cupan	Cupeño pa7mush “bird sp., a water bird”, Cahuilla pamu7ish “bald eagle”, Luiseno ʹpa:mɁuʃ (not in Stubbs) (re Cup. form, Bald Eagle is a fishing bird). The non-correspondent final -$ in Gabrielino argues for a loan	same	underived	no npn (if not a loan, word may have derivation with pa: “big”?	-ʔaʧ “pet”	possessive classifier for animals		Harrington 66	no info	1	eagle ceremony, feathers in dance regalis	2	McC does not mention but is Chingichngish animal	no info		hunted	men	eaglets captured and raised for eagle ceremony, feathers kept for ceremonial regalia	1	eagle-feather regalia traded	North America	Prefers habitat with large areas of water; this is a fishing bird	no
Iipay 'Aa	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	expa uru		bald eagle	unique					same	phrase	eagle ?				Kroeber & Harrington 1914:181		1		2		0					1				no
Kawaiisu	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	pa-wiku		bald eagle	unique				water-buzzard (neologism?)	same	phrase	pa-wiku water-buzzard (probably “water”, not “big” as bald eagle is a fishing bird				Zigmond et al.		1		2		0					1				no
Kiliwa	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	missing			missing						missing							1		2		0					1				no
Kitanemuk	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	pamoiš	ˈpamoiʃ	white-headed eagle	loan			Cahuilla	Cupeño pa7mush “bird sp., a water bird”, Cahuilla pamu7ish “bald eagle”, Luiseno ʹpa:mɁuʃ (not in Stubbs) (re Cup. form, Bald Eagle is a fishing bird). The non-correspondent final -ʃ and the odd /o/ in Kitanemuk argue for loan status -- perhaps from Cahu	same	underived	possibly ˈpa-moiʃ but second part is not meaningful in any of the languages	-ʔacit "pet"	possessive classifier for animals		Anderton 1988:458	no info	1	feathers in ritual regalia; killed in Eagle Ceremony	2	often not eaten	no info		hunted	men	eaglets raised, smothered in dance, feathers kept	1	feather regalia traded	North America	Prefers habitat with large areas of water; this is a fishing bird	no
Lake Miwok	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	pahn'-nak sool		bald eagle	loan			Hill Patwin	pahnak may be paanak “not to behave in a certain way”??? (this is a fishing eagle, not like Golden Eagle which is scavenger JHH)		phrase	X eagle				Merriam 57:517		1		2		0					1				no
Luiseño	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	páam'ush	ʹpa:mɁuʃ	eagle sp., Sparkman: White-headed or bald eagle, found only on coast	inheritance	*pamu7-	Cupan		Cupeño pa7mush “bird sp., a water bird”, Cahuilla pamu7ish “bald eagle” (not in Stubbs) (re Cup. form, Bald Eagle is a fishing bird)	same	other complex	ʹpa:mɁu-ʃ “bald.eagle-non.possessed.noun”	-ʔaʃ "pet"	possessive classifier; NPN form of noun is ʔaʃla	uncertain if is 7ehéngmal	Elliott 1999:667	no info	1	feathers can be used in skirts for dance; a Chingichngish animal; killed in Eagle Ceremony	2	not eaten (Kroeber 1925:652)	no info		hunted	men	fledglings raised to maturity, killed in ceremony, fathers kept for dance skirts	1	eagle-feather dance skirts a very expensive trade item	North America	Prefers habitat with large areas of water; this is a fishing bird	no
Maidu	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	bo-po-să		bald eagle	unique						other complex	note bo- also in red-tailed hawk				Merriam 57:41		1	bald eagle and golden eagle are Eagle Brothers, live together CHM 57:41	2		0					1				no
Mojave	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	ɂaspa 'achii kwachtha		type of eagle that eats fish	inheritance		Colorado River Yuman		Yuma as-spah'-et-se'-kwit-sah'	same	phrase	ɂaspa 'achii kwachtha eagle fish ?				Munro et al.1992		1		2		0					1				no
Mutsun	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	missing			missing						missing							1		2		0					1				no
Nisenan	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	took-took'		bald eagle	unique						reduplicated					Merriam 57:233		1		2		0					1				no
Northern Paiute	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	toha tsopege ggwe'na'a		Bald eagle (Halioeetus) (white hair eagle)	unique				might be a calqued neologism, “White-headed Eagle” appears in the W. Mono dictionary, possibly a local common name	same	phrase	white head eagle (is tsopigi a bahuvrihi?? Dunno)				Yerington Dictionary		1		2		0					1				no
Northern Sierra Miwok	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	missing			missing						missing							1		2		0					1				no
Plains Miwok	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	ho'-pah		Bald eagle	unique						underived					Merriam 57:485		1		2		0					1				no
Salinan A	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	mut'-trahl trah'-ko si'-yŭ	maTal Tak'o sayo7	bald eagle (white-head-eagle)	unique				loan translation from elicitation?		phrase					Merriam 55:371		1		2		0					1				no
Salinan M	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	missing			missing						missing							1		2		0					1				no
Seri (Comcaac)	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	missing			missing						missing							1		2		0					1				no
Serrano	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	missing			missing						missing							1		2		0					1				no
Southern Paiute	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	si'-kwah		Bald eagle (Halioetus leucocephalus)	unique				may contain kwana “eagle”		underived?	looks phrasal etymologicaly but I can't figure out si'- /say/ or /sa'i/ right now)				Merriam's Ki-vav-vit 61:359		1		2		0					1				no
Southern Sierra Miwok	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	missing			missing						missing							1		2		0					1				no
Southern Ute	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	píą-gwaná-cI		bald-eagle	unique					same	phrase	mother-eagle-ABS				Givon 1979		1		2		0					1				no
Tübatulabal	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	missing			missing						missing							1		2		0					1				no
Tümpisa Shoshone	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	missing			missing						missing							1		2		0					1				no
Wappo	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	ah-wā-ko'-mah		bald eagle	unique				Note Yokutsan owik “bald eagle		phrase	elements unknown				Merriam 52:569		1		2		0					1				no
Washo	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	gă'-wet-ah-mah'-hah		bald eagle	unique						phrase	morphology unknown				Merriam 55:231		1		2		0					1				no
Western Mono	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	kwin'-nah a-bah hu-ah-kwe	kwi'na' pakwi (pahuupu'i “dive”???	Bald Eagle “White-headed Eagle”	unique	kwi'na pa:-kɨyu	Proto-Numic		Stubbs 717b, 864 (2008); may be a neologism (Northern Paiute has white-head-eagle)	same	phrase	eagle fish ?				Merriam 59:71	a totem animal in Moiety II (Kroeber 1925:588)	1	totem animal	2		no info		no info	no info	no info	1	chiefs could sell eagle down, eagle leg + claw, but of Bald Eagle???			no
Wintu	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	moi'-e-hahs, moi'-ye-hus		Merriam consistent with similar forms across nearly all dialects for bald eagle (Merriam; he has this form k'acet for “golden eagle” 56:69))	unique						other complex					Merriam 56:7, 56:69		1		2		0					1				no
Yavapai	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	missing			missing						missing							1		2		0					1				no
Yokuts Palewyami	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	o-wik'	Kroeber owik 1961;202	bald eagle, fish hawk	inheritance		Yokutsan		nearly universal in Kroeber	same	underived					Merriam 58:521		1		2		0					1				no
Yokuts Yawdanchi	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	owik		bald eagle	inheritance		Yokutsan		unless Pal. form is really Yowlumne, this is Yokutsan; all but two forms in Kroeber are this one; note Wappo ah-wā-ko'-mah	same	underived					Kroeber 1961:202		1		2		0					1				no
Yokuts Yowlumne	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	owik		bald eagle	inheritance		Yokutsan		unless Pal. form is really Yowlumne, this is Yokutsan; all but two forms in Kroeber are this one	same	underived					Kroeber 1961:202		1		2		0					1				no
Yuki	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	pahl' MWO		bald eagle (Elmendorf uses (B) sa 1993:231	inheritance	*pal	Yukian		Schlichter 1985		underived					Sawyer & Schlichter 1984		1		2		0					1				no
Yuma	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	as-spah'-et-se'-kwit-sah'		Bald eagle (Halioeetus)	inheritance		Colorado River Yuman only		Mojave ɂaspa 'achii kwachtha “eagle that eats fish”		unknown					Merriam 61:455		1		2		0					1				no


Bankalachi Toloim
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Cahuilla
Central Sierra Miwok
Chemehuevi
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Cocopa
Comanche
Cupeño
Esselen
Gabrielino
Iipay 'Aa
Kawaiisu
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Lake Miwok
Luiseño
Maidu
Mojave
Mutsun
Nisenan
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Plains Miwok
Salinan A
Salinan M
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Southern Paiute
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Wappo
Washo
Western Mono
Wintu
Yavapai
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuki
Yuma

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