| Bankalachi Toloim |
Sciurus spp. |
yun'-haw |
|
Gray tree squirrel (Sciurus spp.) |
loan |
|
|
Yokuts |
Yowlumne yun'-hah; yun'-ho; |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
C. H. Merriam 72-77, 60-455 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Big Smokey Valley Shoshone |
Sciurus spp. |
tsikih |
|
squirrel, golden mantled squirrel |
loan into protolanguage |
*tɨku/ciku |
Uto-Aztecan |
Gabrielino |
Stubbs 2093a, b (2008;288) |
WW |
%sik |
same |
underived |
probably onomatopoeia in origin |
|
|
|
Crum & Dayley 1993:291 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cahuilla |
Sciurus spp. |
síkawet |
ˈsikawet |
tree squirrel |
loan into protolanguage |
*sika-(wV) |
Northern Uto-Aztecan |
Wintun |
S2094 (Stubbs 2009:288); may be very early loan into NUA |
WW |
%sik |
unclear |
derived |
sika-wet (with augmentative) -- although this may be false etymology |
-7aʃ "pet" |
animal is -7ash; the meat is with a meat classifier, usually -sex7a “cooked item” or -wa7 “roasted item” (Seiler 1977:304-5) |
|
Seiler & Hioki 1979:185 |
Gray Tree Squirrel (“Flying squirrel”) is a Wildcat Moiety animal (Strong 1929:109) |
2 |
|
1 |
|
no info |
|
hunted |
Men |
boiled, roasted |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Western North America |
woodlands |
no |
|
|
|
| Central Sierra Miwok |
Sciurus spp. |
mé:we- |
|
squirrel |
inheritance |
|
Eastern Miwokan |
|
In all Mis, Mip |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Freeland & Broadbent 1960 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
Sciurus spp. |
ho-un' tă-vats (not here) |
|
Gray tree squirrel (Sciurus fossor) |
unique |
|
|
|
probably a nonce formation; I don't know what ho-un would be; Kawaiisu has wogo-dava'a-zi “pine.tree-chipmunk” but Merriam would have heard that) |
|
|
same |
phrase |
X-chipmunk |
|
|
|
Merriam 59:523 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Barbareno |
Sciurus spp. |
ʃoʃo |
|
chipmunk, flying squirrel |
loan |
|
|
Takic |
|
WW |
%sik |
|
reduplicated |
|
|
|
|
Beeler 1978:184 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Ineseno |
Sciurus spp. |
missing |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Obispeno |
Sciurus spp. |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Ventureno |
Sciurus spp. |
tŏn'-tŏn' |
|
Gray tree squirrel |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
reduplicated |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 55:37 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cocopa |
Sciurus spp. |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Comanche |
Sciurus spp. |
wokoohwi |
|
tree squirrel |
unique |
|
|
|
Contains woko “pine tree” |
|
|
same |
other complex |
pine.tree - animal.classifier??? (Robinson & Armagost say “literally, turns fast”, which is folk etymology -- how they could have an entry for “tree squirrel” directly under “pine tree” and come up with that is a great mystery, it's unsupported by any mat |
|
|
|
Robinson & Armagost 1990:162 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
Sciurus spp. |
sekawet |
səʹkawət |
chipmunk |
loan into protolanguage |
*sika-(wV) |
Northern Uto-Aztecan |
unknown |
S2094 (Stubbs 2009:288); may be very early loan into NUA |
WW |
%sik |
same |
derived |
səʹka-wə-t tree.squirrel-augmentative-npn (may be bogus analysis) |
-ʔaʃ "pet" |
possessive classifier for animals |
|
Hill & Nolasquez 1973:171 |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
|
no info |
|
no info |
no info |
no info |
0 |
|
0 |
|
western North America |
woodlands |
no |
|
|
|
| Esselen |
Sciurus spp. |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
Sciurus spp. |
se-se'-kot 72-77, 60-417 |
siˈsi:kot |
gray tree squirrel |
inheritance |
*sika-(wV) |
Northern Uto-Aztecan |
|
S2094 (Stubbs 2009:288); may be very early loan into NUA; note similar Yokuts forms |
WW |
%sik |
broader (includes chipmunks and tree squirrels) |
other complex |
siˈsi:ko-t squirrel-npn (root may have redu[ |
-ʔaʧ "pet" |
possessive classifier for animals |
|
http://www.archive.org/stream/bancroft_chartmerriam_1556_60#page/n415/mode/2up; p. 417 |
no info |
2 |
Couplet in Luiseno, so probably at Creator's mourning ceremony |
1 |
McC p. 116 |
no info |
|
hunted |
men |
roasted, boiled, bones ground |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Western North America |
woodlands |
no |
|
|
|
| Iipay 'Aa |
Sciurus spp. |
mahCH-ti' |
|
gray tree squirrel (Sciurus fossor) |
inheritance |
|
Proto-Yuman |
|
Kiliwa xmaal |
|
|
same |
phrase |
7emall-tay “big emall” |
|
|
|
Merriam 55:201 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
Sciurus spp. |
wogo-davaɁa-zi |
|
gray squirrel, tree squirrel |
inheritance |
*wokoN-*tapa pine-squirrel |
Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan |
|
Stubbs 2095 (2008:288) plus the “pine” PUA word |
|
|
same |
phrase |
wogo-tavaɁa-zi “pine-chipmunk-ABS” |
|
|
|
Zigmond et al. |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kiliwa |
Sciurus spp. |
xmaal |
|
western gray squirrel (Sciurus griseus) |
inheritance |
|
Proto-Yuman |
|
Iipay Aa ɂehmaall |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Mixco 1985 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
Sciurus spp. |
hikaɨt |
ˈhikaɨt |
flying squirrel |
loan into protolanguage |
*sika-(wV) |
Northern Uto-Aztecan |
Gabrielino |
S2094 (Stubbs 2009:288); may be very early loan into NUA; note similar Yokuts forms in Kroeber's “ground squirrel” list |
WW |
%sik |
same |
derived |
ˈhika-ɨ-t tree.squirrel-augmentative-npn (-w- lost regularly) |
-ʔacit "pet" |
possessive classifier for animals |
|
Anderton 1988:307 |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
|
no info |
|
hunted |
men |
roasted, boiled, bones ground, diverse preparations |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Western North America |
woodlands |
no |
|
|
|
| Lake Miwok |
Sciurus spp. |
cúmuk |
|
tree squirrel (et) |
loan |
|
|
Hill Patwin |
Note Hill Patwin čumuk “squirrel” (c1965); note also Kashaya Pomo cumaT, southern Pomo čumaT' “gree squirrel” (reconstructs to Ppomo *ku:máT7 McClendon 1973:92) |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Callaghan 1965 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
Sciurus spp. |
$ukáawut |
şuʹka:wut |
flying or tree squirrel |
loan into protolanguage |
*sika-(wV) |
Northern Uto-Aztecan |
Yok-Utian |
S2094 (Stubbs 2009:288); may be very early loan into NUA; note similar Yokuts forms |
WW |
%sik |
same |
derived |
şuʹka:-wu-t flying.squirrel-augmentative-non.possessed.noun (may not be augmentative) |
|
|
|
Elliott 1999:880 |
no info |
2 |
couplet: weelal, $ukaawut “animal sp., tree squirrel” |
1 |
“tree squirrels were not eaten” (Sparkman 1908:199) |
no info |
|
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Western North America |
woodlands |
no |
|
|
|
| Maidu |
Sciurus spp. |
sáwwali |
|
gray squirrel (CHM confirms S. fossor) |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
other complex |
-i is stem former |
|
|
|
Shipley 1963 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Mojave |
Sciurus spp. |
humɂiir |
|
squirrel, ground squirrel |
inheritance |
|
Proto-Yuman |
|
Yavapai hmíra “chipmunk” |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Munro et al.1992 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Mutsun |
Sciurus spp. |
choo'-lol, chu-lōl |
|
Gray tree squirrel |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 55:405 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Nisenan |
Sciurus spp. |
ky:hy |
|
gray squirrel (CHM confirms gray tree squirrel) |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Uldall & Shipley 1966 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
Sciurus spp. |
eggwu |
|
squirrel |
inheritance |
*iCkwa/*iNkwa |
Numic |
|
Stubbs 2099 (2008:289) |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Yerington Dictionary |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Northern Sierra Miwok |
Sciurus spp. |
me:w- |
|
gray tree squirrel |
inheritance |
|
Eastern Miwokan |
|
In all Mis, MIP; note Yokutsan *mawe (CHECK) |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Callaghan 1987 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Plains Miwok |
Sciurus spp. |
me:we- |
|
grey squirrel |
inheritance |
|
Eastern Miwokan |
|
In all Mis; |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Callaghan 1984 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Salinan A |
Sciurus spp. |
Tološ |
|
gray squirrel (Merriam confirms Sciurus fossor 55:369 |
unique |
|
Salinan |
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
unless /T/ is articular prefix |
|
|
|
Mason 1918:123; Turner 1980:84 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Salinan M |
Sciurus spp. |
To:lóc |
|
gray squirrel (Merriam confirms Sciurus fossor 55:369) |
unique |
|
Salinan |
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Mason 1918:123 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Seri (Comcaac) |
Sciurus spp. |
xpist |
|
a squirrel (Sciuridae) |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Comcaac Dictionary 599 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Serrano |
Sciurus spp. |
qor:ng-t |
|
squirrel (CHM confirms tree quirrel 72:27 |
inheritance |
*kongi- |
Northern Uto-Aztecan |
|
S2092 (Stubbs 2008:288) |
|
|
|
other complex |
-t NPN |
|
|
|
KCHill ms 2001:50 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
Sciurus spp. |
ah-wun' tahvat |
|
Gray tree squirrel (Sciurus fossor) |
inheritance |
*tapa |
Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan |
|
Stubbs 2095 (2008:248); S. Paiute and Ute both have this compound |
|
|
same |
phrase |
pine.tree-chipmunk-ABS |
|
|
|
Merriam's Ki-vav-vit 61:355 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Sierra Miwok |
Sciurus spp. |
me:we- |
|
California gray tree squirrel |
inheritance |
|
Eastern Miwokan |
|
In all Mis, MIP |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Broadbent 1964: |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
Sciurus spp. |
?agó-taváy?ą-cI |
|
flying squirrel |
inheritance |
*wokoN-*tapa |
Northern Uto-Aztecan |
|
Stubbs 2095 (2008:248); S. Paiute and Ute both have this compound |
|
|
same |
phrase |
pine.tree-chipmunk-ABS |
|
|
|
Givon 1979 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Tübatulabal |
Sciurus spp. |
üshükal |
ʔɨʃɨˈgal |
blue squirrel, possibly the chickaree, Tamiascurius douglassii |
inheritance |
*sika-(wV) |
Northern Uto-Aztecan |
|
S2094 (Stubbs 2009:288); not quite correspondent; may be very early loan into NUA; note similar Yokuts forms in Kroeber's “ground squirrel” list |
|
|
same |
other complex |
ʔɨʃɨˈga-l blue.squirrel-npn |
|
|
|
Hill 2010:109 |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
|
no info |
|
hunted |
men |
roasted on coals, bones ground |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Western North America |
woodlands |
no |
|
|
|
| Tümpisa Shoshone |
Sciurus spp. |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Wappo |
Sciurus spp. |
hóth |
|
tree squirrel (CHM confirms 52:565) |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Sawyer 1965 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Washo |
Sciurus spp. |
pawáwli7 |
|
gray tree squirredl, S. fossor |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
I'm suspicious about -li7 but Jacobsen doesn't discuss |
|
|
|
Merriam 55:299; WPD |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
Sciurus spp. |
mawi |
|
tree squirrel (local name), western gray squirrel (Sciurus griseus) |
loan |
|
|
Chukchansi Yokuts |
Chukchansi mow (Merriam) |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Bethel et al.:71 |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
|
no info |
|
hunted |
men |
no info |
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Wintu |
Sciurus spp. |
k'aysas |
|
gray squirrel (generic aspect) |
inheritance |
*k'ay |
Wintun |
|
Shepherd 2005: 107 “rodent, gopher, squirrel”, maybe fast walker |
|
|
|
other complex |
k'ay “to walk fast, hurry, run” |
|
|
|
Pitkin 1985 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yavapai |
Sciurus spp. |
hmíra |
|
squirrel |
inheritance |
|
Proto-Yuman |
|
Mojave humɂiir “squirrel” |
|
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
Shaterian 1983 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Palewyami |
Sciurus spp. |
k'itiyec' |
|
tree squirrel |
unique |
|
|
|
unique in Kroeber |
|
|
same |
other complex |
probably has the -itch agentive suffix (Newman shows it with glottalization) |
|
|
|
Gamble 1991 from Harrington |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Yawdanchi |
Sciurus spp. |
yongxo |
|
tree squirrel |
inheritance |
|
Nim-Yokuts |
|
only resemblants in Yowlumne |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Kroeber 1961:200 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Yowlumne |
Sciurus spp. |
yonxo' |
|
tree squirrel (Merriam confirms Sciurus fossor, S. douglasi 58:549, 551) |
inheritance |
|
Nim-Yokuts |
|
Only resemblant is in Yawdanchi |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Kroeber 1961:200 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yuki |
Sciurus spp. |
na:Tam A |
|
gray squirrel, gray tree squirrel S. fossor |
inheritance |
*nəhTam |
Yukian |
|
Schlichter 1985 |
|
|
|
other complex |
-am derives nouns |
|
|
|
Sawyer & Schlichter 1984 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yuma |
Sciurus spp. |
missing |
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
