Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

junco

Semantic Field
flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
Meaning Portuguese

Languages

Language Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes
Bankalachi Toloim Junco sppp too'-me-on Junco (female) unique same underived C. H. Merriam 72-807, 60-457 0 1 0 0 0 no
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone Junco sppp dahk' hoo'-choo snow little.bird (RV), dah'-kahn-ze = snow bird RM 61:45 aso tah-kahn'tah-roi takka”-”snow”; takkahuittsuu snow bird (Duckwater 284) Junco (Junco) inheritance all Numic has “snow-bird” but every language has different plug-in lexical items! same phrase snow bird Merriam 61:77 0 1 0 0 0 no
Cahuilla Junco sppp yúynivaš ˈjujnivaʃ snowbird unique *juja is Proto-Uto-Aztecan; the morphology is in all Cupan languages, but the other languages do not have this word. But it's about snow, as usual. same derived ʹjuj-ni-va-ʃ “snow-cause-agent-Nonpossessed.noun -7aʃ “pet” Possessive classifier -7aʃ wikikmal Seiler&Hioki 1979:256 no info 0 1 no info hunted All roasted, stewed, eggs eaten 0 0 throughout North America coniferous and mixed forests, often forage in flocks in winter no
Central Sierra Miwok Junco sppp too-moo-no-no junco unique reduplicated Merriam 57:457 0 1 0 0 0 no
Chemehuevi Junco sppp nu-vă rah'-ko-puts; to-to'-tse nɨva ra'kopɨcI (?) Junco (Junco) inheritance Southern Numic only Kawaiisu also has “snow” in word for this bird, but bird word is toko- , not tako-with no etymology same phrase nɨva ra'ko-pɨ-cI (?) snow bird.sp (<takoC-?-ABS (pɨ-cI very common in bird words) Merriam 59:527 0 1 0 0 0 no
Chumash Barbareno Junco sppp missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
Chumash Ineseno Junco sppp missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
Chumash Obispeno Junco sppp missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
Chumash Ventureno Junco sppp missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
Cocopa Junco sppp missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
Comanche Junco sppp missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
Cupeño Junco sppp kusaanem chiip kuˈsa:nəm ˈʧip Junco unique May not be the correct word but Merriam lacks same phrase kuˈsa:n-əm ˈʧip take.away-plural sound.imitation -ʔaʃ "pet" possessive classifier for animals mukikmal Hill & Nolasquez 1973:159 no info 0 trick Coyote in a story that is widespread in NUA so not Spanish 1 songbirds eaten by Cahuilla, Luiseño so surely also by Cupeño no info hunted all roasted, stewed, eggs eaten 0 0 throughout North America coniferous and mixed forests, often forage in flocks in winter no
Esselen Junco sppp missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
Gabrielino Junco sppp o-cho-che-vā che-ū 72-77, 60-425 (winter bird) ʔoˈʧo:ʧeve ˈʧi:ja junco unique perhaps a nonce formation although all the languages have this bird as snow bird, winter bird same phrase ʔoˈʧo:-ʧ-eve ˈʧi:ja cold-? bird “winter bird” -ʔaʧ "pet" possessive classifier for animals chi:ya http://www.archive.org/stream/bancroft_chartmerriam_1556_60#page/n415/mode/2up; p. 425 no info 0 1 all birds eaten (McC 116) no info hunted all roasted 0 0 North America coniferous and mixed forests, often forage in flocks in winter no
Iipay 'Aa Junco sppp shang-il' (MG) Junco unique unique because this is ONLY Yuman dictionary with “Junco”, a common highland bird! same phrase I'm betting on sha-nyil “bird-black” (they are dark colored with black heads) Merriam 55:269 0 1 0 0 0 no
Kawaiisu Junco sppp no-var'-ro ko'-chă; nō-vro-ko'-chă Junco unique snow *nɨpa plus toko-tsi “large bird like mockingbird” same phrase nɨva toko-tsi “snow bird-DIM” Merriam 59:371 0 1 0 0 0 no
Kiliwa Junco sppp missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
Kitanemuk Junco sppp ta-mah-we-ve-ah (“winter”) witch-e-tat ˈtamuavea ˈwiʦitat Junco unique made out of UA materials, may be a nonce form but all the languages have “winter bird” or “snow bird” same phrase ˈtamuavea ˈwiʦitat winter bird (perhaps a nonce form) -ʔacit "pet" possessive classifier for animals wicitat http://www.archive.org/stream/bancroft_chartmerriam_1556_60#page/n1/mode/2up, p. 11 no info 0 1 no decent info but everybody ate songbirds and eggs no info hunted all roasted, boiled, eggs eaten 0 0 North America coniferous and mixed forests, often forage in flocks in winter no
Lake Miwok Junco sppp t'óbt'obmele snowbird (et) (Merriam confirms for Junco) unique Callaghan's etymology compares to a Pomoan word for band-tail pigeon, an utterly different bird reduplicated Callaghan 1965 0 1 0 0 0 no
Luiseño Junco sppp pépnash ʹpepnaʃ type of bird (extremely archaic to Mrs. Hyde); Harrington: small gray bird with black head, comes down from mountains only in wintertime inheritance *poCna Uto-Aztecan S1947 (Stubbs 2009:271), means “to play music, play drum”; from peenash “woman's song” in Lu. same derived I think this is reduplication from peenash “woman's song” -ʔaʃ "pet" possessive classifier; NPN form of noun is ʔaʃla 7ehéngmay Elliott 1999:705 no info 0 1 songbirds eaten no info hunted all roasted, boiled, eggs eaten (no info on feathers) 0 0 throughout North America coniferous and mixed forests, often forage in flocks in winter no
Maidu Junco sppp tě-tě'-kum Junco unique reduplicated Merriam 57:45 0 1 0 0 0 no
Mojave Junco sppp missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
Mutsun Junco sppp missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
Nisenan Junco sppp too-toon, tŭ-tŭn; too'-ten Junco unique reduplicated Merriam 57:235 0 1 0 0 0 no
Northern Paiute Junco sppp nŭ-bah' ho-ze-vă//nuba hootseba Junco (Junco) unique All Numic languages have “snow”, but with diverse second elements. Except W. Mono which has “winter (bird)” same phrase snow bird Merriam 61:141 0 1 0 0 0 no
Northern Sierra Miwok Junco sppp ci:po:ne- snow bird (Merriamhas poo-soo'-kal-loo “Junco” 57:427, 395) unique underived Callaghan 1987 0 1 0 0 0 no
Plains Miwok Junco sppp tolo:ci- junco (one speaker); also CHM 57:489 inheritance Eastern Miwokan Same as “bird”, as “bird” in MiNs underived -:ci may be old diminutive Callaghan 1984 0 1 0 0 0 no
Salinan A Junco sppp mo-lōp-lah Junco unique Salinan A only not in M; underived falls within stem shapes noted by Turner 1987, but perhaps complex Merriam 55:375 0 1 0 0 0 no
Salinan M Junco sppp skō'-tot; to'-sil Junco unique Salinan M only not in A other complex s- animal prefix Merriam 55:375 0 1 0 0 0 no
Seri (Comcaac) Junco sppp missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
Serrano Junco sppp wolft' wyr(:)vt junco unique other complex -t NPN Merriam 72-77, 60-105 0 1 0 0 0 no
Southern Paiute Junco sppp nɨvarampoqwitsI Junco (Junco) (Merriam); Sapir: chickadee (?); Merriam confirms for Kai-va-vit (ne-war'-rum po'-kuts 61:363) inheritance Southern Numic only probably same as Merriam's Kawaiisu nu-vă rah'-ko-cha with tako and some metathesis same phrase has -tsi ABS; nɨva-snow- tampoqwi ??-tsI Merriam 59:465; Sapir 587, 666 0 1 0 0 0 no
Southern Sierra Miwok Junco sppp pusu:kulut; To:ni- Junco (Merriam has too-moo-no-no 57:457 inheritance Sierra Miwokan only For pu..., CHM has Mins poo-soo'-kal-loo; re To:i, cf. W. Mono toho'no “snowbird”) underived Broadbent 1964: 0 1 0 0 0 no
Southern Ute Junco sppp nųvųá-wicí-cI chickadee unique Southern Numic only All S. Numic languages have “snow” in word for this bird, but with different and unanalyzable main stems same phrase snow-bird-ABS Givon 1979 0 1 0 0 0 no
Tübatulabal Junco sppp missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
Tümpisa Shoshone Junco sppp missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
Wappo Junco sppp she-mah' nah-pe cho'-cho, she'-man-nap'-pe tso'-tso Junco unique phrase Merriam 52:573 0 1 0 0 0 no
Washo Junco sppp shoo”-wash “pine Mt bird” dezítzidi7 “snowbird” (WP) Junco unique underived Merriam 55:305 0 1 0 0 0 no
Western Mono Junco sppp toho'notsi', toho'no snowbird (this bird appears in winter and is grey with a black top-knot) inheritance *toCmo “winter” Proto-Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2496a (2008:334); here Mono has toho'-, not attested in Stubbs, but note O'odham tohonno so I think this is OK (O'odham is huge semantic shift, means “desert, sunny place” where winter is sunny season (you see the same thing in Takic) same onomatopoeic toho'-no-tsi' toho'-says-dimin. tsiipa “bird” Bethel et al.:232 no info 0 1 not listed in Gayton as “too small to eat” no info hunted men no info 0 0 no
Wintu Junco sppp č'enduk little mountain snowbird, junco? (CHM confirms junco 56:11) unique underived č'en only in this word, duk unknown. Probably etymologicall complex Schlichter 1981 0 1 0 0 0 no
Yavapai Junco sppp missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
Yokuts Palewyami Junco sppp we-we'-che junco, horned lark, small bird (see other notes on small bird) loan Kitanemuk See remarks for (2) “bird” broader (apparently includes generally indefinite small birds) underived reduplication of initial syllable from Kitanemuk witsitat Merriam 58:525 0 1 0 0 0 no
Yokuts Yawdanchi Junco sppp cho-we'-nah Junco (Wik) unique Note Merriam's Tinlinne cho'-me-ul; same underived possibly the cho- is a formative element Merriam 58:365 (Wik) 0 1 0 0 0 no
Yokuts Yowlumne Junco sppp we'-o-pun'-pun Junco unique we-o perhaps related to the “small bird” form in (2) same phrase pun'-pun “snow”; this bird is almost always called “snow bird” or “winter bird” Merriam 58:557 0 1 0 0 0 no
Yuki Junco sppp hun'-to-lahsh' MWO junco unique phrase unknown elements Sawyer & Schlichter 1984 0 1 0 0 0 no
Yuma Junco sppp missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no