Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

junco

Semantic Field: flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
Meaning Portuguese

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Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Hypernym	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	Medicinal Notes	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Psychotropic Notes	Traded	Trade Notes	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous	Ethnobiology Notes	Species Notes	General Notes

Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Hypernym	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous
Bankalachi Toloim	Junco sppp	too'-me-on		Junco (female)	unique					same	underived					C. H. Merriam 72-807, 60-457			1		0						no
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	Junco sppp	dahk' hoo'-choo snow little.bird (RV), dah'-kahn-ze = snow bird RM 61:45 aso tah-kahn'tah-roi	takka”-”snow”; takkahuittsuu snow bird (Duckwater 284)	Junco (Junco)	inheritance				all Numic has “snow-bird” but every language has different plug-in lexical items!	same	phrase	snow bird				Merriam 61:77			1		0						no
Cahuilla	Junco sppp	yúynivaš	ˈjujnivaʃ	snowbird	unique				*juja is Proto-Uto-Aztecan; the morphology is in all Cupan languages, but the other languages do not have this word. But it's about snow, as usual.	same	derived	ʹjuj-ni-va-ʃ “snow-cause-agent-Nonpossessed.noun	-7aʃ “pet”	Possessive classifier -7aʃ	wikikmal	Seiler&Hioki 1979:256	no info		1		no info	hunted	All	roasted, stewed, eggs eaten	throughout North America	coniferous and mixed forests, often forage in flocks in winter	no
Central Sierra Miwok	Junco sppp	too-moo-no-no		junco	unique						reduplicated					Merriam 57:457			1		0						no
Chemehuevi	Junco sppp	nu-vă rah'-ko-puts; to-to'-tse	nɨva ra'kopɨcI (?)	Junco (Junco)	inheritance		Southern Numic only		Kawaiisu also has “snow” in word for this bird, but bird word is toko- , not tako-with no etymology	same	phrase	nɨva ra'ko-pɨ-cI (?) snow bird.sp (<takoC-?-ABS (pɨ-cI very common in bird words)				Merriam 59:527			1		0						no
Chumash Barbareno	Junco sppp	missing			missing						missing								1		0						no
Chumash Ineseno	Junco sppp	missing			missing						missing								1		0						no
Chumash Obispeno	Junco sppp	missing			missing						missing								1		0						no
Chumash Ventureno	Junco sppp	missing			missing						missing								1		0						no
Cocopa	Junco sppp	missing			missing						missing								1		0						no
Comanche	Junco sppp	missing			missing						missing								1		0						no
Cupeño	Junco sppp	kusaanem chiip	kuˈsa:nəm ˈʧip	Junco	unique				May not be the correct word but Merriam lacks	same	phrase	kuˈsa:n-əm ˈʧip take.away-plural sound.imitation	-ʔaʃ "pet"	possessive classifier for animals	mukikmal	Hill & Nolasquez 1973:159	no info	trick Coyote in a story that is widespread in NUA so not Spanish	1	songbirds eaten by Cahuilla, Luiseño so surely also by Cupeño	no info	hunted	all	roasted, stewed, eggs eaten	throughout North America	coniferous and mixed forests, often forage in flocks in winter	no
Esselen	Junco sppp	missing			missing						missing								1		0						no
Gabrielino	Junco sppp	o-cho-che-vā che-ū 72-77, 60-425 (winter bird)	ʔoˈʧo:ʧeve ˈʧi:ja	junco	unique				perhaps a nonce formation although all the languages have this bird as snow bird, winter bird	same	phrase	ʔoˈʧo:-ʧ-eve ˈʧi:ja cold-? bird “winter bird”	-ʔaʧ "pet"	possessive classifier for animals	chi:ya	http://www.archive.org/stream/bancroft_chartmerriam_1556_60#page/n415/mode/2up; p. 425	no info		1	all birds eaten (McC 116)	no info	hunted	all	roasted	North America	coniferous and mixed forests, often forage in flocks in winter	no
Iipay 'Aa	Junco sppp	shang-il' (MG)		Junco	unique				unique because this is ONLY Yuman dictionary with “Junco”, a common highland bird!	same	phrase	I'm betting on sha-nyil “bird-black” (they are dark colored with black heads)				Merriam 55:269			1		0						no
Kawaiisu	Junco sppp	no-var'-ro ko'-chă; nō-vro-ko'-chă		Junco	unique				snow *nɨpa plus toko-tsi “large bird like mockingbird”	same	phrase	nɨva toko-tsi “snow bird-DIM”				Merriam 59:371			1		0						no
Kiliwa	Junco sppp	missing			missing						missing								1		0						no
Kitanemuk	Junco sppp	ta-mah-we-ve-ah (“winter”) witch-e-tat	ˈtamuavea ˈwiʦitat	Junco	unique				made out of UA materials, may be a nonce form but all the languages have “winter bird” or “snow bird”	same	phrase	ˈtamuavea ˈwiʦitat winter bird (perhaps a nonce form)	-ʔacit "pet"	possessive classifier for animals	wicitat	http://www.archive.org/stream/bancroft_chartmerriam_1556_60#page/n1/mode/2up, p. 11	no info		1	no decent info but everybody ate songbirds and eggs	no info	hunted	all	roasted, boiled, eggs eaten	North America	coniferous and mixed forests, often forage in flocks in winter	no
Lake Miwok	Junco sppp	t'óbt'obmele		snowbird (et) (Merriam confirms for Junco)	unique				Callaghan's etymology compares to a Pomoan word for band-tail pigeon, an utterly different bird		reduplicated					Callaghan 1965			1		0						no
Luiseño	Junco sppp	pépnash	ʹpepnaʃ	type of bird (extremely archaic to Mrs. Hyde); Harrington: small gray bird with black head, comes down from mountains only in wintertime	inheritance	*poCna	Uto-Aztecan		S1947 (Stubbs 2009:271), means “to play music, play drum”; from peenash “woman's song” in Lu.	same	derived	I think this is reduplication from peenash “woman's song”	-ʔaʃ "pet"	possessive classifier; NPN form of noun is ʔaʃla	7ehéngmay	Elliott 1999:705	no info		1	songbirds eaten	no info	hunted	all	roasted, boiled, eggs eaten (no info on feathers)	throughout North America	coniferous and mixed forests, often forage in flocks in winter	no
Maidu	Junco sppp	tě-tě'-kum		Junco	unique						reduplicated					Merriam 57:45			1		0						no
Mojave	Junco sppp	missing			missing						missing								1		0						no
Mutsun	Junco sppp	missing			missing						missing								1		0						no
Nisenan	Junco sppp	too-toon, tŭ-tŭn; too'-ten		Junco	unique						reduplicated					Merriam 57:235			1		0						no
Northern Paiute	Junco sppp	nŭ-bah' ho-ze-vă//nuba hootseba		Junco (Junco)	unique				All Numic languages have “snow”, but with diverse second elements. Except W. Mono which has “winter (bird)”	same	phrase	snow bird				Merriam 61:141			1		0						no
Northern Sierra Miwok	Junco sppp	ci:po:ne-		snow bird (Merriamhas poo-soo'-kal-loo “Junco” 57:427, 395)	unique						underived					Callaghan 1987			1		0						no
Plains Miwok	Junco sppp	tolo:ci-		junco (one speaker); also CHM 57:489	inheritance		Eastern Miwokan		Same as “bird”, as “bird” in MiNs		underived	-:ci may be old diminutive				Callaghan 1984			1		0						no
Salinan A	Junco sppp	mo-lōp-lah		Junco	unique		Salinan A only		not in M;		underived	falls within stem shapes noted by Turner 1987, but perhaps complex				Merriam 55:375			1		0						no
Salinan M	Junco sppp	skō'-tot; to'-sil		Junco	unique		Salinan M only		not in A		other complex	s- animal prefix				Merriam 55:375			1		0						no
Seri (Comcaac)	Junco sppp	missing			missing						missing								1		0						no
Serrano	Junco sppp	wolft'	wyr(:)vt	junco	unique						other complex	-t NPN				Merriam 72-77, 60-105			1		0						no
Southern Paiute	Junco sppp	nɨvarampoqwitsI		Junco (Junco) (Merriam); Sapir: chickadee (?); Merriam confirms for Kai-va-vit (ne-war'-rum po'-kuts 61:363)	inheritance		Southern Numic only		probably same as Merriam's Kawaiisu nu-vă rah'-ko-cha with tako and some metathesis	same	phrase	has -tsi ABS; nɨva-snow- tampoqwi ??-tsI				Merriam 59:465; Sapir 587, 666			1		0						no
Southern Sierra Miwok	Junco sppp	pusu:kulut; To:ni-		Junco (Merriam has too-moo-no-no 57:457	inheritance		Sierra Miwokan only		For pu..., CHM has Mins poo-soo'-kal-loo; re To:i, cf. W. Mono toho'no “snowbird”)		underived					Broadbent 1964:			1		0						no
Southern Ute	Junco sppp	nųvųá-wicí-cI		chickadee	unique		Southern Numic only		All S. Numic languages have “snow” in word for this bird, but with different and unanalyzable main stems	same	phrase	snow-bird-ABS				Givon 1979			1		0						no
Tübatulabal	Junco sppp	missing			missing						missing								1		0						no
Tümpisa Shoshone	Junco sppp	missing			missing						missing								1		0						no
Wappo	Junco sppp	she-mah' nah-pe cho'-cho, she'-man-nap'-pe tso'-tso		Junco	unique						phrase					Merriam 52:573			1		0						no
Washo	Junco sppp	shoo”-wash “pine Mt bird”	dezítzidi7 “snowbird” (WP)	Junco	unique						underived					Merriam 55:305			1		0						no
Western Mono	Junco sppp	toho'notsi', toho'no		snowbird (this bird appears in winter and is grey with a black top-knot)	inheritance	*toCmo “winter”	Proto-Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 2496a (2008:334); here Mono has toho'-, not attested in Stubbs, but note O'odham tohonno so I think this is OK (O'odham is huge semantic shift, means “desert, sunny place” where winter is sunny season (you see the same thing in Takic)	same	onomatopoeic	toho'-no-tsi' toho'-says-dimin.			tsiipa “bird”	Bethel et al.:232	no info		1	not listed in Gayton as “too small to eat”	no info	hunted	men	no info			no
Wintu	Junco sppp	č'enduk		little mountain snowbird, junco? (CHM confirms junco 56:11)	unique						underived	č'en only in this word, duk unknown. Probably etymologicall complex				Schlichter 1981			1		0						no
Yavapai	Junco sppp	missing			missing						missing								1		0						no
Yokuts Palewyami	Junco sppp	we-we'-che		junco, horned lark, small bird (see other notes on small bird)	loan			Kitanemuk	See remarks for (2) “bird”	broader (apparently includes generally indefinite small birds)	underived	reduplication of initial syllable from Kitanemuk witsitat				Merriam 58:525			1		0						no
Yokuts Yawdanchi	Junco sppp	cho-we'-nah		Junco (Wik)	unique				Note Merriam's Tinlinne cho'-me-ul;	same	underived	possibly the cho- is a formative element				Merriam 58:365 (Wik)			1		0						no
Yokuts Yowlumne	Junco sppp	we'-o-pun'-pun		Junco	unique				we-o perhaps related to the “small bird” form in (2)	same	phrase	pun'-pun “snow”; this bird is almost always called “snow bird” or “winter bird”				Merriam 58:557			1		0						no
Yuki	Junco sppp	hun'-to-lahsh' MWO		junco	unique						phrase	unknown elements				Sawyer & Schlichter 1984			1		0						no
Yuma	Junco sppp	missing			missing						missing								1		0						no


Bankalachi Toloim
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Cahuilla
Central Sierra Miwok
Chemehuevi
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Cocopa
Comanche
Cupeño
Esselen
Gabrielino
Iipay 'Aa
Kawaiisu
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Lake Miwok
Luiseño
Maidu
Mojave
Mutsun
Nisenan
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Plains Miwok
Salinan A
Salinan M
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Southern Paiute
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Wappo
Washo
Western Mono
Wintu
Yavapai
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuki
Yuma

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