| Bankalachi Toloim |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
sam'-tal |
|
Milkweed, broad leaf |
loan |
|
|
Yokuts |
Tinlinne Yokuts sam'-tahl |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
C. H. Merriam 72-79, 60-473 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Big Smokey Valley Shoshone |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
pitsitepuhippeh |
|
milkweed |
inheritance |
|
|
|
pitsa “milk” puhi “green” |
|
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cahuilla |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
kíyal |
ˈkijal |
Asclepias sp. |
inheritance |
*kɨya- |
Takic |
|
See also Serrano ky7at “gum plant”; not likely a loan (Serrano has lost /y/ as usual) |
|
|
unclear |
other complex |
kija-l |
-m-exan-7a "inanimate" |
-m-exan-7a (for inanimates; literally "somehow - doing.thus- possessed.noun") |
|
Bean & Saubel 1972:43 |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
for chewing gum. One type eaten as greens, and seeds used, although most are poisonous. Mainly a fiber plant |
no info |
|
gathered (wild) |
women |
gum collected in cup and kept overnight or cooked for chewing gum |
0 |
|
0 |
|
California, Baja California, Nevada |
“Especially dry areas” (Wikipedia) |
no |
|
|
|
| Central Sierra Miwok |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Barbareno |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Ineseno |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
oo-woo'-mo oi'-yo-so' “food of worms” |
|
Broad leaf Milkweed |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
phrase |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 55:27 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Obispeno |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Ventureno |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
7usha'ak |
|
Asclepias (eriocarpa and fascicularis) |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Timbrook 2007:40 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cocopa |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Comanche |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
kumiitsanatsu |
|
milkweed |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
same |
underived |
obviously complex but no help in R&A; may include sana- “gum” ?? But why the initial ts- then?? |
|
|
|
Robinson & Armagost 1990:166 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
wichusel |
ˈwiʧusal |
milkweed |
inheritance |
*wi(k)-chu |
Cupan |
|
S1796 (Stubbs 2009:253); word for fiber, plus morphology that may be unique to Cupeño |
|
|
broader (includes chewing gum from sap of plant) |
derived |
ˈwi-ʧu-sa-l string-make-?-npn (should be synchronically evident given wichu'at “rope”, wichu “to twist string”, etc. |
|
|
|
Hill & Nolasquez 1973:178 |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
used for chewing gum |
no info |
|
gathered (wild) |
women and children |
sap from plant boiled into gum and colored with flowers; fiber also used |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Califoria, Baja California, Nevada |
prefers dry areas |
no |
|
|
|
| Esselen |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
wi:vor |
ˈwi:vor |
milkweed; in Merriam, milkweed string |
semantic shift |
*wi(k)- |
Uto-Aztecan |
|
note Kitanemuk wivɨʧ “fiber-producing milkweed”, a perfect cognate; S1796 (Stubbs 2009:253) |
|
|
broader (includes plant and fiber) |
other complex |
ˈwi:vo-r milkweed-npn (root is probably derived from wi:) |
-hi:n |
classifier for worthwhile possessions |
|
Harrington 492 |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
chewing gum |
no info |
|
gathered (wild) |
women |
gum squeezed and cooked, plant soaked and fiber stripped |
0 |
|
0 |
|
California and adjacent Nevada and Baja California |
dry barren areas 200-1900 m (Jepson Herbarium site) |
no |
|
|
|
| Iipay 'Aa |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
hahCH-im-sahp |
|
Broadleaf Milkweed (Asclepias |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
same |
underived |
a wild guess |
|
|
|
Merriam 55:223 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
aviboɁogadɨbɨ |
|
Aesclepias erosa |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
same |
derived |
avi-boɁo-gadɨ-bɨ white.rock-water-having-ABS |
bɨ, pɨ |
bɨ, pɨ seem to classify for plants, trees |
|
1981 Zigmond |
|
2 |
|
1 |
chewing gum |
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kiliwa |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
kacic |
ˈkaʦiʦ |
milkweed plant |
unique |
|
|
|
Note Gabrielino to-hah'-che-ar' 72-79, 60-439 “chewing gum” in McC p. 247, - I'm interested in the hah'-che part, perhaps xachi- |
|
|
same |
derived |
kaci-c “chew-passive.nominative” “chew-ed” |
-niw |
possessive classifier for things |
|
Anderton 1988:338 |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
chewing gum from bitter cooked juice |
no info |
|
gathered (wild) |
women and children |
extract sap, also use fiber, sap chewed with flower |
0 |
|
0 |
|
California and adjacent Nevada and Baja California |
dry barren areas 200-1900 m (Jepson Herbarium site) |
no |
|
|
|
| Lake Miwok |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
múunkaj |
|
milkweed? California poppy? muun is “milk” |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
other complex |
-aj |
|
|
|
Callaghan 1965 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
tókmat, tíkmat |
ʹtokmat |
white milkweed; Sparkman: Asclepias eriocarpa |
loan |
|
|
Chumash |
Note Southern Chumash /tok/ “Apocynum cannabinum”. Milkweed was regarded as the “lesser fiber” so “small tok” is a very likely analysis here. |
|
|
same |
other complex |
ʹtokma-t milkweed.sp-non.possessed.noun |
|
|
|
Elliott 1999:951 |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
gum |
no info |
|
gathered (wild) |
women |
sap collected from cut stems, boiled to coagulate as chewing gum, much esteemed (Sparkman 1908:197) |
0 |
|
0 |
|
California and adjacent Nevada and Baja California |
dry barren areas 200-1900 m (Jepson Herbarium site) |
no |
|
|
|
| Maidu |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
poom. om'-poo |
|
broad-leaf milkweed |
inheritance |
|
Maiduan |
|
Nisenan poo', aw'-poo; note Mins pop:o- |
|
|
|
other complex |
-m (same as -im suffix) |
|
|
|
Merriam 57:59 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Mojave |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
halapuy |
|
milkweed |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Munro et al.1992 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Mutsun |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
sis'-kah |
|
Broadleaf milkweed |
inheritance |
|
|
|
Southern Costanoan; Rumsen she-chin 55:459 |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 55:427 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Nisenan |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
me-wăh; poo'?; awm'-poo |
|
A. eriocarpa |
inheritance |
“poo” |
Maiduan |
|
Maidu 'om-poo (CHM) |
|
|
|
phrase |
earth-string.plant |
|
|
|
Merriam 57:251 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
weha |
|
fishing line, string, gum made out of Indian hemp (M: Milkweed, broad leaf (Asclepias) -see “species notes” |
inheritance |
? |
Uto-Aztecan |
|
Stubbs 1796, a very problematic set, but ancient -- string as wi-, the protypical long object??? |
|
|
broader (quite a range of plants and derived stuff, I'm sure a lot of the Yerington data is bad) |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 61:157 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Northern Sierra Miwok |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
pop:o- |
|
milkweed |
unique |
|
|
|
Compare Maiduan *pu:; might be *po: (it's CHM) |
|
|
|
reduplicated |
|
|
|
|
Callaghan 1987 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Plains Miwok |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
te'-koon |
|
Broad-leaf milkweed, milkweed string |
unique |
|
|
|
Note Yowlumne tc'ikei , Yawdanchi tcitik, Chukchansi chek-kah (CHM) |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 57:505 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Salinan A |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
mo-ti” |
|
broad-leaf milkweed |
unique |
|
Salinan |
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 55:393 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Salinan M |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
mataí'YI |
|
milkweed (Merriam confirms 55:393) |
unique |
|
Salinan |
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Mason 1918:129 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Seri (Comcaac) |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
najcáazjc |
|
reedstem milkweed, Asclepias albicans/subulata |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Comcaac Dictionary 453 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Serrano |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
wɨ'ivɨ |
|
milkweed |
inheritance |
*wiki/*wisi “string” |
Proto-Uto-Aztecan |
|
Note Kawaiisu wɨɁivɨbɨ; Stubbs 1796 (2008:254), or Stubbs 1475; I don't like the set but this is where Stubbs has these forms |
|
|
same |
other complex |
has -pɨ ABS |
|
|
|
Sapir 1930:717 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Sierra Miwok |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
huken- |
|
milkweed |
unique |
|
|
|
Yawdanchi hox “dogbane”? |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Broadbent 1964: |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
ta?á-maą-vI |
|
milk-weed |
calque |
|
|
English |
milk-weed |
|
|
same |
phrase |
milk-weed-ABS |
|
|
|
Givon 1979 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Tübatulabal |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
pollolīwapü:l |
pololi:waˈbɨ:l |
gum plant, Asclepias erosa |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
same |
derived |
pololi:wa-ˈbɨ:-l milkweed-deriv.suffix-npn |
|
|
|
Hill 2010:72 |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
chewing gum |
1 |
juice rubbed on warts to make them disappear |
gathered (wild) |
all |
gum from boiled sap, sucked out of reed tubes |
0 |
|
0 |
|
California and adjacent Nevada and Baja California |
dry barren areas 200-1900 m (Jepson Herbarium site) |
no |
|
|
|
| Tümpisa Shoshone |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Wappo |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Washo |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
mah-maHm'-ke |
|
milkweed, broad leaf |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
reduplicated |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
wisibi |
|
string, thread, milkweed (Asclepias sp.) (thinner than tɨGapO “rope”) |
inheritance |
*wisu(N) |
Numic |
|
Iannucci's form; Stubbs has *wiki; forms with wi- in “string” very widespread; with -s is the specifically Numic version and may be different increment on *wi- long object |
|
|
broader (includes string of all kinds) |
other complex |
has -CL |
-bi |
|
|
Bethel et al.:284 |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
|
no info |
|
gathered (wild) |
men and women (Gifford) |
soaked and fibers removed by combing with short stick (Gifford) |
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Wintu |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
boq |
Shepherd 2005 transcription |
A. eriocarpa (consistent, several dialects) |
inheritance |
*boq |
Wintun |
|
Shepherd 2005 |
|
|
|
underived |
baqi “brush”?? |
|
|
|
Merriam 56:25 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yavapai |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Palewyami |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Yawdanchi |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
cax |
|
milkweed used for string (Merriam confirms eriocarpa 58:381) |
inheritance |
|
Nim-Yokuts |
|
Note Merriam's che-kah for Chukchansi -- cognate? |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Kroeber 1961:219 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Yowlumne |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
tc'ikei |
|
cord, string (see Yawd Milkweed) M. confirms |
inheritance |
|
Nim-Yokuts |
|
Note Yawdanchi tcitik; I suspect a metathesis and am going with Inheritance, especially with Merriam's Chukchansi chek'-kah |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Kroeber 1961:218 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yuki |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
mah chahk' MWO |
|
broad-leaf milkweed |
inheritance |
*mah |
Yukian |
|
Schlichter 1985 |
|
|
|
phrase |
ch'ak “whip”??? |
|
|
|
Sawyer & Schlichter 1984 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yuma |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
