Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

olivella (olive snail)

Semantic Field: flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
Meaning Portuguese

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Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Hypernym	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	Medicinal Notes	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Psychotropic Notes	Traded	Trade Notes	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous	Ethnobiology Notes	Species Notes	General Notes

Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Hypernym	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Traded	Trade Notes	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous
Bankalachi Toloim	Callianax biplicata	missing			missing								missing							2		2		0				1				no
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	Callianax biplicata	po'an, poan ?		shell, skin, bark, outher layer	inheritance	*po'owa			Stubbs 1907 (2008:267), Olivella in W. Mono, “seashell” in T. Shoshone. Perhaps OK for all shells, Crapo quite inadequate.				unknown					Crapo 1979		2		2		0				1				no
Cahuilla	Callianax biplicata	hīssavel	ˈhajsaval (note saval “shell”)	shell money	inheritance	*sa(w)pV	Cupan		S1911 (Stubbs 2009:267); does not include hay-, , which is Takic (S765) and MAYBE UA (Yecora Pima had “finish”). Note Luiseño $awvish “univalve shell”, Harrington “topshell of snail” (Olivella is snail-like)			broader (means “money”)	derived	hay-”shore, edge” (and also a “magic” word in haytu); saval “shell”	-m-7exan-7a (inanimate)	posessive classifier -m-7exan-7a (inanimate)		Strong 1929:94)	Net dealt with shell money; had measuring point for values tattooed on his forearm.	2	exchanged between villages, lineages at Mourning Ceremony (Strong 1929:98-99)	2		no info	N/A	N/A	N/A	1	Pass Cahuilla received from Serrano, who got it from Gabrielino, who got it from Santa Catalina Island	Pacific coast Canada to Baja California	sandy substrates in tidal and intertidal zones, bays	no
Central Sierra Miwok	Callianax biplicata	lúk:u-		shell beads	inheritance		Sierra Miwokan only		In all Mis				underived					Freeland & Broadbent 1960		2		2		0				1				no
Chemehuevi	Callianax biplicata	missing			missing								missing							2		2		0				1				no
Chumash Barbareno	Callianax biplicata	q'oy' (Ono), q'oy (Beeler)		olivella shell	inheritance		Central Chumash only		also in Ineseno				underived					Ono p. 57, Beeler 1978:183		2		2		0				1				no
Chumash Ineseno	Callianax biplicata	qoy'		olivella shell	inheritance		Central Chumash only		Also in Barbareno				underived					Applegate 283		2		2		0				1				no
Chumash Obispeno	Callianax biplicata	missing			missing								missing							2		2		0				1				no
Chumash Ventureno	Callianax biplicata	missing			missing								missing							2		2		0				1				no
Cocopa	Callianax biplicata	missing			missing								missing							2		2		0				1				no
Comanche	Callianax biplicata	poná		caracol	inheritance	*po'owa			Stubbs 1907 (2008:267), same as Shoshone po'an			broader (perhaps any snaill)	underived					Rejon 1995:44		2		2		0				1				no
Cupeño	Callianax biplicata	qinxat	ˈqinxat	shell money	inheritance	*koroka	Uto-Aztecan		S1461 (Stubbs 2009:218); a semantic shift, also means just “beads, necklace”	WW	%xene	broader (the shell, and the strings of beads)	other complex	ˈqin(a)xa-t beads-npn (note -qinax-'a beads-possessed.noun)			nemxat “treasure”	Strong 1929:263	exchanged among lineages at burning ceremonies	2	deployed in rituals	2		no info	N/A	N/A	N/A	1	obtained from coast, perhaps from Gabrielino; received in trade, hence the N/As to the left	Pacific Coast British Columbia to Baja California	sandy substrate in tidal and intertidal zones, bays	no
Esselen	Callianax biplicata	missing			missing								missing							2		2		0				1				no
Gabrielino	Callianax biplicata	7awverot	ˈʔawverot	abalorios	unique							no info	derived	ˈʔawve-ro-t ?-big-npn	-hi:n	classifier for worthwhile possessions		Harrington 094, 456	strings of these beads circulated among tomyaar “chiefs”	2	exchange, display is part of a number of ceremonies	2	seems like they'd be too small and inconvenient to eat	no info	gathered (wild)	men	beads made from various parts of shell, strung for shell money	1	among chiefs; may mostly have come in from Channel Islands	Pacific Coast of North America, B.C. to Baja California	sandy substrates intertidally and tidally and in bays	no
Iipay 'Aa	Callianax biplicata	kwellyhiiw		money, silver, coins	unique				See Cocopa şxkwi.l “seashell”; perhaps not a semantic shift since Olivella WAS money; using this word for the cell is a stretch, though			broader (shells and functions)	underived	probably has some complexity -- kwelly “great, big” in some compound forms???				Couro & Hutcheson 1973		2		2		0				1				no
Kawaiisu	Callianax biplicata	hii-bɨ		money	unique				note Mojave avii “money”			same	other complex	hii-bɨ shell-ABS				Zigmond et al.		2		2		0				1				no
Kiliwa	Callianax biplicata	missing			missing								missing							2		2		0				1				no
Kitanemuk	Callianax biplicata	yahuč	ˈyaxuʧr	shell sp., white, used for beads	unique							broader (includes the animal, the shell, and the beads)	other complex	ˈyaxu-ʧr shell.sp.-npn	-niw	possessive classifier for things		Anderton 1988:583	no info	2	shell beads used as offerings (also money)	2		no info	N/A	N/A	N/A	1	obtained from Chumash	Pacific Coast of North America, B.C. to Baja California	sandy substrates intertidally and tidally and in bays	no
Lake Miwok	Callianax biplicata	missing			missing								missing							2		2		0				1				no
Luiseño	Callianax biplicata	$áwvish	ʹşawviʃ	Bright: Univalve shell, Harrington: Topshell of snail	inheritance	*sa(w)pV	Cupan		S1911 (Stubbs 2009:267)			same	other complex	ʹşawvi-ʃ olivella-non.possessed.noun				Elliott 1999:844	no info	2		2		no info	gathered (wild)	no info	made into shell money and ornaments (see Grenda 1997 for discussion of archaeological materials)	1	Lake Elsinore site was producing Olivella beads in industrial quantitites, although most finds are from Early period, probably pre-Luiseño	Pacific Coast of North America, B.C. to Baja California	sandy substrates intertidally and tidally and in bays	no
Maidu	Callianax biplicata	missing			missing								missing							2		2		0				1				no
Mojave	Callianax biplicata	ɂachiily		type of small shell from the coast used for necklaces	loan			no information	there's a series of %chi words for shells in Gab, Barb, Kitanemuk			same	phrase	looks like compound of FISH and WORM				Munro et al.1992		2		2		0				1				no
Mutsun	Callianax biplicata	missing			missing								missing							2		2		0				1				no
Nisenan	Callianax biplicata	missing			missing								missing							2		2		0				1				no
Northern Paiute	Callianax biplicata	namakoo		old kind of beads ?	loan			Tumpisa Shoshone?	Note Tumpisa shosone namokku(n) “money”, Perhaps from Stubbs 2333 “buy, sell, pay” where na- is reciprocal			same	underived					Yerington Dictionary		2		2		0				1				no
Northern Sierra Miwok	Callianax biplicata	look'-koo		snail (CC's luk:u 'piece of abalone shell”)	inheritance		Sierra Miwokan only		In all Mis				underived					Merriam 57:401		2		2		0				1				no
Plains Miwok	Callianax biplicata	missing			missing								missing							2		2		0				1				no
Salinan A	Callianax biplicata	tsoloteka		Olivella biplicata	unique				not recorded in M;				underived					Heizer/Pinart I:80		2		2		0				1				no
Salinan M	Callianax biplicata	missing			missing								missing							2		2		0				1				no
Seri (Comcaac)	Callianax biplicata	xpaléemelc		olive shell, cone shell	unique							broader (includes Olivellidae and Conidae)	underived	sure looks like a complex formation but no analysis suggested				Comcaac Dictionary 596		2		2		0				1				no
Serrano	Callianax biplicata	missing			missing								missing							2		2		0				1				no
Southern Paiute	Callianax biplicata	caraga'nɨmpI		shell, little rattle-like shell (with -tsi)	inheritance	*cata	Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan		goes with Stubbs 1910 (2008:267) with Takic “bark” words, cata, not caLa			broader (apparently any small shell)	other complex	has -pi ABS				Sapir 1930:655		2		2		0				1				no
Southern Sierra Miwok	Callianax biplicata	luk:u- (and see note)		olive shell, rope of whole olive shell beads	inheritance		Sierra Miwokan only		In all Mis				underived					Broadbent 1964:		2		2		0				1				no
Southern Ute	Callianax biplicata	missing			missing								missing							2		2		0				1				no
Tübatulabal	Callianax biplicata	missing			missing				missing				missing							2		2		0				1				no
Tümpisa Shoshone	Callianax biplicata	namokku(n)		money	inheritance	*namɨkɨ	Proto-Language		Hmm. Note Northern Paiute namakoo “old kind of beads”, which strengthens choice of this etymon for “Olivella”. Perhaps from Stubbs 2333 “buy, sell, pay” where na- is reciprocal			broader (extendable to modern money as well as shell money)	underived	But I think this is from verb for “to trade”				Dayley 1989:125		2		2		0				1				no
Wappo	Callianax biplicata	missing			missing								missing							2		2		0				1				no
Washo	Callianax biplicata	missing			missing								missing							2		2		0				1				no
Western Mono	Callianax biplicata	powa'		olivella shell	inheritance	*po'owa	Western + Central Numic		Stubbs 1907 (2008:267)			same	underived					Bethel et al.:153	no info	2		2		no info	trade	men	no info	1	used as money, comes from Morro Bay area (as per Bethel)			no
Wintu	Callianax biplicata	Lono:q		olivella shells	inheritance	*Lono(:)q	Wintun		Shepherd 2005				underived					Pitkin 1985		2		2		0				1				no
Yavapai	Callianax biplicata	missing			missing								missing							2		2		0				1				no
Yokuts Palewyami	Callianax biplicata	missing			missing								missing							2		2		0				1				no
Yokuts Yawdanchi	Callianax biplicata	pòde		disc beads	inheritance		Nim-Yokuts		Yowl. Polay; note UA po… words			narrower (probably just the beads, not the shell and animal)	underived					Kroeber 1961:218		2		2		0				1				no
Yokuts Yowlumne	Callianax biplicata	po:lay		olivella beads	inheritance		Nim-Yokuts		Note Yawdanchi pòde “disk beads”			narrower (possibly just the beads, not the shell and animal)	underived					Kroeber 1961:194		2		2		0				1				no
Yuki	Callianax biplicata	missing			missing								missing							2		2		0				1				no
Yuma	Callianax biplicata	missing			missing								missing							2		2		0				1				no


Bankalachi Toloim
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Cahuilla
Central Sierra Miwok
Chemehuevi
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Cocopa
Comanche
Cupeño
Esselen
Gabrielino
Iipay 'Aa
Kawaiisu
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Lake Miwok
Luiseño
Maidu
Mojave
Mutsun
Nisenan
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Plains Miwok
Salinan A
Salinan M
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Southern Paiute
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Wappo
Washo
Western Mono
Wintu
Yavapai
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuki
Yuma

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