Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

pinyon pine

Semantic Field
flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
Meaning Portuguese

Languages

Language Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes
Bankalachi Toloim Pinus monophylla missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 1 no
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone Pinus monophylla wa'a”pin pine tree (M: Pinyon or nut pine (Pinus monophylla) inheritance *wa'aC Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 414, usually “cedar, juniper” same other complex has -pi ABS Crapo 1976:163 2 1 2 0 1 no
Cahuilla Pinus monophylla tévat ˈtevat pine-nut, pinyon inheritance *tɨpat Northern Uto-Aztecan S1583 (Stubbs 2009:231). This is probably a loan into Proto-NUA from Proto-Kiowa-Tanoan (Hill 2008) broader (includes both tree and nuts) other complex ˈteva-t -ki7iw7a "waiting, claim" -ki7iw7a "waiting, claim" Seiler&Hioki 1979:212 Groves owned by local groups 2 1 Very important food source no information Gathered (wild but closely managed) All See Bean & Saubel 1972:103-104 0 1 Wanikik paid Serrano to gather in their groves. An important trade item. Southwestern North America and Mexico In pinyon-juniper woodland, 3500-9000 feet (for P. monophylla), 2500-8000 feet (for P. quadrifolia). Rocky hills and slopes. no
Central Sierra Miwok Pinus monophylla missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 1 no
Chemehuevi Pinus monophylla toov', tuv' təvápə (last schwa voiceless) JPH pinyon tree; CHM has “nut” Pinyon or nut pine (Pinus monophylla) inheritance *tɨpat Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 1583 (2008:231, probably a Kiowa-Tanoan loan into PNUA unknown Merriam 59:537 2 1 2 0 1 no
Chumash Barbareno Pinus monophylla posh Pinus monophylla unique Central Chumash only underived Timbrook 2007:142 2 1 2 0 1 no
Chumash Ineseno Pinus monophylla posh Pinus monophylla (is this maybe just the nut?) inheritance Central Chumash only Central Chumash underived Timbrook 2007:142 2 1 2 0 1 no
Chumash Obispeno Pinus monophylla twitak'a el pinyon blandito unique other complex t-; might be phrase Harrington III:1:0263 2 1 2 0 1 no
Chumash Ventureno Pinus monophylla posh Pinus monophylla inheritance Central Chumash only Central Chumash underived Timbrook 2007:142 2 1 2 0 1 no
Cocopa Pinus monophylla ɂi·xwí· pine (and pine nuts) inheritance Proto-Yuman Note Kiliwa ?+khiiw; ?+xiw “pine nuts” broader (includes pine nuts) underived Crawford 1989 2 1 2 0 1 no
Comanche Pinus monophylla missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 1 no
Cupeño Pinus monophylla tevat ˈtəvat conifer sp. inheritance *tɨpat Northern Uto-Aztecan S1583 (Stubbs 2009:231). This is probably a loan into Proto-NUA from Proto-Kiowa-Tanoan (Hill 2008 broader (includes tree and nuts) other complex ˈtəva-t pinyon-npn Hill & Nolasquez 1973:175 no info 2 1 This is never mentioned in texts, it's always wichuxat. Tevat nuts may have been obtained only in trade. no info gathered (wild but closely managed) all collected in green cones, roasted to release nuts, parched, stored or eaten fresh 0 1 Cahuilla had a big stand at Pinyon Flats but Cupeno didn't, as far as I know Southwestern U.S. and northern Mexico In pinyon-juniper woodland, 3500-9000 feet (for P. monophylla), 2500-8000 feet (for P. quadrifolia). Rocky hills and slopes. no
Esselen Pinus monophylla missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 1 no
Gabrielino Pinus monophylla tova:'at toˈva:ʔat pinyon inheritance *tɨpat Northern Uto-Aztecan S1583 (Stubbs 2009:231). This is probably a loan into Proto-NUA from Proto-Kiowa-Tanoan (Hill 2008 broader (includes tree and nuts) other complex toˈva:ʔa-t pinyon-npn -hi:n classifier for worthwhile possessions Harrington 584, 413 no info 2 were once human 1 pine nuts no info gathered (wild but closely managed) all cones roasted to pop out nuts 0 1 Southwestern North America and Mexico In pinyon-juniper woodland, 3500-9000 feet (for P. monophylla), 2500-8000 feet (for P. quadrifolia). Rocky hills and slopes. no
Iipay 'Aa Pinus monophylla ɂehwiiw pinyon pine, pine nut inheritance Proto-Yuman Note Kiliwa ?+khiiw; ?+xiw “pine nuts”; Yavapai ɂkʰō broader, tree and nuts underived Couro & Hutcheson 1973 2 1 2 0 1 no
Kawaiisu Pinus monophylla tɨvapɨ P. monophylla inheritance *tɨpat Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 1583 (2008:231); Kiowa-Tanoan loan into PNUA same other complex tɨva-pɨ pine.nut-ABS bɨ, pɨ bɨ, pɨ seem to classify for plants, trees 1981 Zigmond 2 1 2 0 1 no
Kiliwa Pinus monophylla ?+xiw Pinus monophylla inheritance Proto-Yuman Iipay Aa ɂehwiiw tree & nuts; Yavapai ɂkʰō same other complex ? dummy.nominal.element +pinyon.pine Mixco 1985 2 1 2 0 1 no
Kitanemuk Pinus monophylla tɨvat ˈtɨvat pinyon inheritance *tɨpat Northern Uto-Aztecan S1583 (Stubbs 2009:231). This is probably a loan into Proto-NUA from Proto-Kiowa-Tanoan (Hill 2008 broader (tree and nuts) other complex ˈtɨva-t pinyon-npn -niw possessive classifier for things Anderton 1988:534 no info 2 1 no info gathered (wild but closely managed all cones roasted to pop out nuts 0 1 people who had groves traded these to the coast; Tubatulabal are usually mentioned here but Kitanemuk must have done it too Southwestern U.S. and Mexico In pinyon-juniper woodland, 3500-9000 feet (for P. monophylla), 2500-8000 feet (for P. quadrifolia). Rocky hills and slopes. no
Lake Miwok Pinus monophylla missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 1 no
Luiseño Pinus monophylla tuvát tuʹvat pine nut, pinyon tree inheritance *tɨpat Northern Uto-Aztecan S1583 (Stubbs 2009:231). This is probably a loan into Proto-NUA from Proto-Kiowa-Tanoan (Hill 2008) broader (includes pine nuts and tree) other complex tuʹva-t pinyon-non.possessed.noun Elliott 1999:1084 no info 2 plural refers to the time when humans were trees. Wuyot cremated at Tuvanga -- white ash can be seen there. 1 no info gathered (wild but closely managed) all green cones roasted,seeds extracted, parched, stored, ground into flour 0 1 perhaps -- people with access to groves throughout west did trade these Southwestern North America and Mexico In pinyon-juniper woodland, 3500-9000 feet (for P. monophylla), 2500-8000 feet (for P. quadrifolia). Rocky hills and slopes. no
Maidu Pinus monophylla missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 1 no
Mojave Pinus monophylla missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 1 no
Mutsun Pinus monophylla missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 1 no
Nisenan Pinus monophylla missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 1 no
Northern Paiute Pinus monophylla tuba-pe pinyon (M: Pinyon or nut pine (Pinus monophylla) inheritance *tɨpat Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 1583 (2008;231) same other complex has -pi ABS Merriam 61:149 2 1 2 0 1 no
Northern Sierra Miwok Pinus monophylla missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 1 no
Plains Miwok Pinus monophylla missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 1 no
Salinan A Pinus monophylla To pine nuts unique Salinan underived /T/ might be articular prefix Mason 1918:130; Turner 1980:80 2 1 2 0 1 no
Salinan M Pinus monophylla t<o< pine nuts unique Salinan underived Mason 1918:130 2 1 2 0 1 no
Seri (Comcaac) Pinus monophylla missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 1 no
Serrano Pinus monophylla tyvat pinyon inheritance *tɨpat Northern Uto-Aztecan S1583 (Stubbs 2009:231); probably a loan into Proto-NUA from Proto-Kiowa Tanoan (Hill 2008) other complex -t NPN KCHill ms 2001:58 2 1 2 0 1 no
Southern Paiute Pinus monophylla tɨvapɨ Pinyon pine (P. monophylla) inheritance *tɨpat Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 1583 (2008:231), probably a Kiowa-Tanoan loan into PNUA same other complex has -pɨ ABS Sapir 1930:677 2 1 2 0 1 no
Southern Sierra Miwok Pinus monophylla sak:y- pinyon inheritance *sa:k, *sak:y- Utian Callaghan 1997:18 underived Broadbent 1964: 2 1 2 0 1 no
Southern Ute Pinus monophylla wa?á-pŲ pinyon, juniper semantic shift *wa'aC Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 415 (2008:94), always “juniper” or “cedar” but sometimes labels pinyon-juniper biome, probably the route of shift here broader (also means juniper) other complex has -pɨ ABS Givon 1979 2 1 2 0 1 no
Tübatulabal Pinus monophylla tüpatt tɨˈbat nuts from pinyon pine; pinyon pine, Pinus monophylla inheritance *tɨpat Northern Uto-Aztecan S1583 (Stubbs 2009:231). This is probably a loan into Proto-NUA from Proto-Kiowa-Tanoan (Hill 2008 broader (includes tree and nuts) other complex tɨˈba-t pinyon-npn Hill 2010:97 no info 2 1 no info gathered (wild) all ripe (but unopened) cones roasted, nuts removed, dried, cached 0 1 traded to Chumash for beads Southwestern U.S. and Mexico In pinyon-juniper woodland, 3500-9000 feet (for P. monophylla), 2500-8000 feet (for P. quadrifolia). Rocky hills and slopes. no
Tümpisa Shoshone Pinus monophylla wahappin Pinyon pine tree semantic shift *wa'aC Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 414 , usually “cedar, juniper” (shift in the biome) same other complex waha-ppin pinyon-CL ppin Dayley 1989:375 2 1 2 0 1 no
Wappo Pinus monophylla missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 1 no
Washo Pinus monophylla t'á:gɨm Pinyon or nut pine unique underived Merriam 55:313; WPD 2 1 2 0 1 no
Western Mono Pinus monophylla tɨba' pinyon pine nuts (Pinus edulis) inheritance *tɨpat Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan Kiowa-Tanoan loan into PNUA; Stubbs 1583 (2008:231) same underived tree is probably tɨbapɨ Bethel et al.:211 no info 2 1 no info Gathered (wild but closely managed) all nuts from roasted green cone (mainly obtained in trade from Eastern Mono) 0 1 all Mono but Northfork got from E. Mono; Northfork visited eastern slope to collect no
Wintu Pinus monophylla missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 1 no
Yavapai Pinus monophylla ɂkʰō pinyon pine, nut inheritance Proto-Yuman Note Kiliwa ?+khiiw; ?+xiw unknown Shaterian 1983 2 1 2 0 1 no
Yokuts Palewyami Pinus monophylla wetʰak' pinyon inheritance Yokutsan Kroeber lists similar forms for Yawd, Wik, Tach, Chun, Yowl at p. 211 #163; Note Merriam's Yowl wut'-tuk broader (includes tree and nuts) underived Gamble 1991 (from Harrington) 2 1 2 0 1 no
Yokuts Yawdanchi Pinus monophylla missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 1 no
Yokuts Yowlumne Pinus monophylla wut'-tuk Pinyon pine (see K, N for “nuts” spelling inheritance Yokutsan Kroeber lists similar forms for Yawd, Wik, Tach, Chun, Harrington had wetʰak' for Pal. narrower (includes just the nuts, which were traded) underived Merriam 58:565 2 1 2 0 1 no
Yuki Pinus monophylla missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 1 no
Yuma Pinus monophylla missing missing missing 2 1 2 0 1 no