| Bankalachi Toloim |
Castor |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Big Smokey Valley Shoshone |
Castor |
a'nii |
|
Beaver (Castor) |
inheritance |
*ha'ni |
Numic |
|
Stubbs 155 (2008:61) (may be only C. Numic) |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Crum & Dayley 1993:264 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cahuilla |
Castor |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Central Sierra Miwok |
Castor |
7éč:ešy- |
|
beaver |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
other complex |
-y nominalizer |
|
|
|
Freeland & Broadbent 1960 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
Castor |
ɂipí·na |
|
Beaver (Castor) |
loan |
|
|
Mojave |
Mojave ɂapen; 'Iipay Aa āp-pin'; and note Resemblant C. kpiny |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 59:523 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Barbareno |
Castor |
ʧip'ik |
|
beaver |
unique |
|
Central Chumash only |
|
noted by Kroeber; Yok. toepuek, etc. but loan is into Central Chumash |
WW |
%t'ypyk |
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Beeler 1978:174 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Ineseno |
Castor |
ʧ'ɨpɨk |
|
beaver |
inheritance |
|
Central Chumash only |
|
noted by Kroeber; Yok. toepuek, etc. but loan is into Central Chumash |
WW |
%t'ypyk |
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Applegate155 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Obispeno |
Castor |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Ventureno |
Castor |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cocopa |
Castor |
kpiny |
|
beaver |
unique |
|
|
|
Resemblant M. ɂapen |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Crawford 1989 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Comanche |
Castor |
pamouetz |
|
beaver |
inheritance |
*pa?wVN |
Numic |
|
Stubbs 156 (2008:61). This Rejon form is very interesting because it has been re-etymologized in modern Comanche as pa' - wyhtyma “water-blocks.off” (dam builder) |
|
|
same |
other complex |
has -tsi ABS; pa may be “water” |
|
|
|
Rejon 1995:19 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
Castor |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Esselen |
Castor |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
Castor |
to-le-vah'-che |
toˈlivaʧi (?) |
beaver |
loan |
|
|
probably Yokuts which has something like *t'ovik ?? |
|
|
|
same |
underived |
toˈlivaʧi -- might have been toˈlivaʧi -y, |
-ʔaʧ "pet" |
possessive classifier for animals |
|
http://www.archive.org/stream/bancroft_chartmerriam_1556_60#page/n415/mode/2up; p. 417 |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
|
no info |
|
no info |
no info |
no info |
0 |
|
0 |
|
North America |
streams, wetlands |
no |
|
|
|
| Iipay 'Aa |
Castor |
āp-pin' |
|
Beaver (Castor) |
inheritance |
|
Proto-Yuman |
|
Mojave ɂapen; Cocopa kpin ?? |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 55:169 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
Castor |
kah'-ze |
|
beaver |
semantic shift |
*kawa |
Proto-Uto-Aztecan |
|
Stubbs 1423 (2008:242) |
|
|
broader (also woodrat) |
other complex |
kawa-zi rat-ABS |
|
|
|
Merriam 59:363 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kiliwa |
Castor |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
Castor |
cɨpɨʔkɨʔ |
ˈʦɨpɨʔkɨʔ; H heard no final ʔ |
beaver |
loan |
|
|
Yokuts |
also loaned into Chumash, e.g. Barb. chip'ik; Yokuts has toepuek, doepuk, etc., see Kroeber |
WW |
%t'ypyk |
same |
underived |
|
-ʔacit "pet" |
possessive classifier for animals |
|
Anderton 1988:288 |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
probably not, probably got skins in trade |
no info |
|
no info |
no info |
no info |
0 |
|
0 |
beaver pelts traded; I doubt if Kitanemuk country had many beavers |
North America |
streams, wetlands |
no |
|
|
|
| Lake Miwok |
Castor |
tími |
|
beaver |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Callaghan 1965 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
Castor |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Maidu |
Castor |
too'-pen-de |
|
beaver |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
relative clause |
t'u-- “dam” -- remainder probably from verb, unidentified |
|
|
|
Merriam 57:5 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Mojave |
Castor |
ɂapen |
|
beaver |
inheritance |
|
Proto-Yuman |
|
Iipay Aa āp-pin'; and note Resemblant C. kpiny |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
a beaver clan |
|
|
Munro et al.1992 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Mutsun |
Castor |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Nisenan |
Castor |
pa:nc'aka |
|
beaver |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
other complex |
morphology unknown |
|
|
|
Uldall & Shipley 1966 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
Castor |
ha'ngisa |
|
Beaver |
inheritance |
*ha'ni |
Numic |
|
Stubbs 155 (2008:61), possibly a loan?? |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Thornes 2003:53 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Northern Sierra Miwok |
Castor |
hen:it-y- |
|
beaver |
inheritance |
|
Eastern Miwokan |
|
In Mip |
|
|
|
other complex |
-y nominalizer |
|
|
|
Callaghan 1987 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Plains Miwok |
Castor |
hen:it |
|
beaver |
inheritance |
|
Eastern Miwokan |
|
In Mins |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Callaghan 1984 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Salinan A |
Castor |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Salinan M |
Castor |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Seri (Comcaac) |
Castor |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Serrano |
Castor |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
Castor |
paontsI |
|
Beaver (Castor) |
inheritance |
*pa'wVN |
Proto-Numic |
|
Stubbs 156 (2008:61) I concur with Stubbs that it looks like “water-fox” |
|
|
same |
other complex |
has -tsi ABS |
|
|
|
Sapir 1930:609 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Sierra Miwok |
Castor |
me:sy- |
|
beaver |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Broadbent 1964: |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
Castor |
pawíi-cI |
|
Beaver |
inheritance |
*pa'wVN |
Numic |
|
Stubbs 156 (2008:61) |
|
|
same |
other complex |
has -ci ABS ; etymologically from a phrase with pa-”water” and perhaps “fox”? |
|
|
|
Givon 1979 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Tübatulabal |
Castor |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Tümpisa Shoshone |
Castor |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Wappo |
Castor |
meyna7á:we |
|
beaver? CHM has as “otter”, beaver also as mā'-nah mo'-lah 52:565 |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
phrase |
water-X |
|
|
|
Sawyer 1965 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Washo |
Castor |
c'imhélhel |
|
beavers |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
reduplicated |
c'im is prefix |
|
|
|
WPD |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
Castor |
pazuukU |
|
beaver |
loan |
|
|
Sierra Miwok |
Sierra Miwok cukuH “dog” (see Callaghan 2001 who thinks it's an old loan all over), note Proto-Wintun *cuku plus pa:- “water” |
|
|
same |
phrase |
water-dog |
|
|
|
Bethel et al.:136 |
no info |
2 |
|
1 |
|
no info |
|
hunted |
men |
no info |
0 |
|
0 |
pelts probably traded |
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Wintu |
Castor |
bisu:s |
|
beaver, otter, mink |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Pitkin 1985 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yavapai |
Castor |
h.ɲā(·)qa |
|
beaver |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
Shaterian 1983 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Palewyami |
Castor |
dibek |
|
beaver |
inheritance |
*t'/t''ɨpɨkʰ |
Yokutsan |
|
Whistler & Golla 1986:354 |
WW |
%t'ypyk |
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Kroeber 1961:201 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Yawdanchi |
Castor |
töpük |
|
beaver |
inheritance |
*t'/t''ɨpɨkʰ |
Yokutsan |
|
Whistler & Golla 1986:354 |
WW |
%t'ypyk |
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Kroeber 1961:201 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Yowlumne |
Castor |
tèpik, t'e:bik |
|
beaver |
inheritance |
*t'/t''ɨpɨkʰ |
Yokutsan |
|
Whistler & Golla 1986:354 |
WW |
%t'ypyk |
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Kroeber 1961:201 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yuki |
Castor |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yuma |
Castor |
ah-pon' |
|
Beaver (Castor) |
inheritance |
|
Proto-Yuman |
|
Iipay Aa āp-pin'; and note Resemblant C. kpiny |
|
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 61:451 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
