Language | Linnean Name | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Etymology Notes | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Range of Term | Word Structure | Word Structure Notes | Classifier | Classifier Notes | Hypernym | Source | Association with Social Categories | Ritual/Mythologically Significant | Ritual Notes | Food Source | Food Notes | Medicinal | Medicinal Notes | How Collected | Who Collects | How Prepared | Psychotropic | Psychotropic Notes | Traded | Trade Notes | Distribution | Habitat | Dangerous | Ethnobiology Notes | Species Notes | General Notes |
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Language | Linnean Name | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Etymology Notes | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Range of Term | Word Structure | Word Structure Notes | Classifier | Classifier Notes | Hypernym | Source | Association with Social Categories | Ritual/Mythologically Significant | Ritual Notes | Food Source | Food Notes | Medicinal | Medicinal Notes | How Collected | Who Collects | How Prepared | Psychotropic | Psychotropic Notes | Traded | Trade Notes | Distribution | Habitat | Dangerous | Ethnobiology Notes | Species Notes | General Notes |
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Bankalachi Toloim | Solenopsis spp | kā-nit | red ant | loan | Yokuts | Proto-NimYokuts *k'e:nich (Golla 1964:60) | broader (all ants) | underived | C. H. Merriam 72-79 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone | Solenopsis spp | hu'nitan | red ant | unique | same | underived | Crum & Dayley 1993:266 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cahuilla | Solenopsis spp | ʔánet | ˈʔanet | ant, big ant | inheritance | *ʔalɨn- | Uto-Aztecan | S44 (Stubbs 2009:44) | broader; also generic for “ant” at least in Mountain and Wanikik; unclear for Desert Cahuilla but generic for “big ant” there; Merriam confirms “red ant” | other complex | 7ane-t | -7aʃ "pet" | possibly possessive classifier -7ash | Seiler&Hioki 1979:16 | no info | 1 | 0 | ants and larvae eaten | no info | gathered (wild) | All | anthill swarms with larvae pushed into pits with hot rocks and roasted, also boiled | 0 | 0 | All Americas | Diverse habitats | no | |||||||||||
Central Sierra Miwok | Solenopsis spp | missing | missing | missing | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chemehuevi | Solenopsis spp | wahnts | Red ant (stings) | unique | same as word for “antelope” | same | other complex | has -tsI Diminutive | Merriam 59:537 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Chumash Barbareno | Solenopsis spp | tiʃ'iʎ'il | red ant | inheritance | Central Chumash only | same root in Ineseno | underived | Beeler 1978:186 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chumash Ineseno | Solenopsis spp | tish-oo-lun | red ant | inheritance | Central Chumash only | same root in Barbareno | underived | Merriam 55:19 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chumash Obispeno | Solenopsis spp | t qala' | large red ant | inheritance | *tkaya' | Proto-Chumash | sound symbolism changes consonant | other complex | t- | Klar 1977:64 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Chumash Ventureno | Solenopsis spp | sutülhüL | rose-colored ant | unique | underived | maybe a redup here | JPH III:69:0081 from FL | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cocopa | Solenopsis spp | šmuyúły ɂaxwáţ | red ant | unique | no info | phrase | ant red (calque?) | Crawford 1989 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comanche | Solenopsis spp | ekaɨnɨɨ | red ant; large red ant | unique | narrower (a kind of red ant) | phrase | eka-ɨnɨɨ red-bug | Robinson & Armagost 1990:164; | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cupeño | Solenopsis spp | anat | ʹʔanat | ant, red ant | inheritance | *ʔalɨN- | Uto-Aztecan | S44 (Stubbs 2009:44) | broader (both red ants and generic for ants) | other complex | ʹʔana-t ant-npn | -ʔaʃ "pet" | possessive classifier for animals | Hill & Nolasquez 1973:151 | no info | 1 | used in boy's ant ordeal | 0 | probably larvae eaten | no info | probably bites used therapeutically outside of ordeal | gathered (wild) | men | live ants saved for ordeal | 0 | 0 | Americas | diverse habitats | no | |||||||||
Esselen | Solenopsis spp | missing | missing | missing | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gabrielino | Solenopsis spp | ahn'-naht' (red ant) | ˈʔa:nat | red ant | inheritance | *ʔalɨN- | Uto-Aztecan | S44 (Stubbs 2009:44) | same | other complex | ˈʔa:na-t red.ant-npn | -ʔaʧ "pet" | possessive classifier for animals | http://www.archive.org/stream/bancroft_chartmerriam_1556_60#page/n415/mode/2up; p. 431 | no info | 1 | in ant ordeal | 0 | McC 121 | 1 | swallowed for medicine (McC) | gathered (wild) | all | larvae often eaten raw as found McC 121 | 0 | 0 | Americas | Diverse habitats | no | |||||||||
Iipay 'Aa | Solenopsis spp | chemilly | ant, red ant | inheritance | Proto-Yuman | Mo. chamaduuly, Co. šmuyúły, Yavapai čmyúl | broader (generid for ant) | underived | Couro & Hutcheson 1973 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Kawaiisu | Solenopsis spp | taasuɁu-vi | Red ant | inheritance | *tasi'a | Proto-Numic | Stubbs 49 (2008;45) Central and Southern Numic only | same | other complex | taasuɁu-vi ant-ABS | Zigmond et al. | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||
Kiliwa | Solenopsis spp | tlpaa | large red ant | unique | narrower (a kind of red ant) | underived | Mixco 1985 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kitanemuk | Solenopsis spp | ʔanɨht | ˈʔanɨht | ant sp.: big, red, applied to body for pain | inheritance | *ʔalɨN- | Uto-Aztecan | S44 (Stubbs 2009:44) | same | other complex | ˈʔanɨh-t red.ant-npn | -ʔacit "pet" | possessive classifier for animals | Anderton 1988:270 | no info | 1 | ingested in vision quest | 0 | 1 | apply to body, or eat for pain | gathered (wild) | men | see medicinal notes | 0 | noted as a hallucinogen by Blackburn & Bean 1978:467 | 0 | Americas | Diverse habitats | no | |||||||||
Lake Miwok | Solenopsis spp | 7awáakan | red ants | unique | underived | Callaghan 1965 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Luiseño | Solenopsis spp | 7áanat | ˈʔa:nat | California harvesting ant, Pogonomyrmex californicus | inheritance | *ʔalɨn- | S44 (Stubbs 2009:44) | narrower (a specific kind of red ant, not all red ants) | other complex | ˈʔa:na-t red.ant.sp-non.possessed.noun | Harrington 1978:164 | no info | 1 | used in ant ordeal (Harrington 1978:164) | 0 | 1 | “the medicinal ant of these people” (Harrington 1978:164), a blood medicine, for rheumatism. Could be swallowed or put on afflicted part to bite it. | gathered (wild) | men | kept live for ant ordeal | 0 | 0 | Americas | diverse habitats | no | |||||||||||||
Maidu | Solenopsis spp | missing | missing | missing | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mojave | Solenopsis spp | chamaduuly | red ant | inheritance | broader (any ant, with red ant as prototype) | underived | Munro et al.1992 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mutsun | Solenopsis spp | oTol, oTon | red ant | inheritance | Costanoan | Shaul 1986:699 notes Esselen otsoli-pša “ant”; also Rumsen oto | underived | Mason 1916:427 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nisenan | Solenopsis spp | pan-nan'-nok, u'-lah-lok; ut'-ah-ut'-ah | small red ant, sm.r.a./ large r.a. | unique | reduplicated | Merriam 57:243 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Northern Paiute | Solenopsis spp | hooedu, tsahooedda | red ants | unique | note that at Walker Lake Merriam has hooedu as “black ants” | same | derived | has -tɨ deverbalizing suffix, what is hooe??? | Yerington Dictionary | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Northern Sierra Miwok | Solenopsis spp | pah'-tĕ-mah | same as #89 | red ant (bites) (same as “Ant” generic?) | unique | perhaps same root as Miss paTa:ka- | other complex | -y nominalizer | Merriam 57:403 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Plains Miwok | Solenopsis spp | wete7te7 tisi:naj | red ants | unique | C asks “loan translation”? | phrase | red ant | Callaghan 1984 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Salinan A | Solenopsis spp | le-ká(:)t | ant (Merriam: red ant (hairy) 55:381 | unique | Salinan | underived | could this be L- prefix? Turner 1987:118? | Mason 1918:123; Turner 1983:234 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Salinan M | Solenopsis spp | ilkát | ant (Merriam “red ant, hairy” 55:381 | unique | Salinan | other complex | l- probably prefix | Mason 1918:123 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Seri (Comcaac) | Solenopsis spp | missing | missing | missing | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Serrano | Solenopsis spp | ar:nyr-ht | red ant (CHM); KCH a large kind of ant | inheritance | *7alɨN- | Uto-Aztecan | S44 (Stubbs 2009:44) | other complex | -t NPN | Merriam 60:111 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Southern Paiute | Solenopsis spp | tacɨavi | Red ant (Merriam: “big kind”) | inheritance | *tasi'a | Proto-Numic | Stubbs 49 (2008:45) Centrland Southern Numic only | narrower (a kind of red ant) | other complex | has -pi ABS | Sapir 1930:671 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||
Southern Sierra Miwok | Solenopsis spp | missing | missing | missing | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Southern Ute | Solenopsis spp | ?aká-tAsí?ą-vI | red ant | calque | English | red-ant; see remark on black ant | same | phrase | red-ant-ABS | Givon 1979 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Tübatulabal | Solenopsis spp | anünt | ʔaˈnɨnt | red ant, yellow ant | inheritance | *ʔalɨN- | Uto-Aztecan | S44 (Stubbs 2009:44) | broader (includes yellow ants) | other complex | ʔaˈnɨn-t red.ant-npn | Hill 2010:9 | no info | 1 | live ants wrapped in balls of eagle down swallowed for visions | 0 | Voegelin 1938:12 | 1 | live ants wrapped in balls of eagle down swallowed for ailments | gathered (wild) | men | see notes | 0 | “the effect produced when the ants bit the lining of the stomach was similar to that produced by drinking jimsonweed” (Voegelin 1938:5) | 0 | Americas | Diverse habitats | no | ||||||||||
Tümpisa Shoshone | Solenopsis spp | tongkwaapi | red ant | inheritance | *toni- | Proto-Uto-Aztecan | Goes with Stubbs SUA 46 *totoni, and with “sting” | same | other complex | tong-kwaa-pi sting-?-CL | pi | Dayley 1989:294 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||
Wappo | Solenopsis spp | missing | missing | missing | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Washo | Solenopsis spp | 7á:ni | red ant “fuzzy and stings” | loan | Northern Paiute | Northern Paiute anebe (/anɨbɨ/, PUA *anɨN | underived | Merriam 55:313; WPD | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Western Mono | Solenopsis spp | tadaGo' | red ants | unique | same | underived | Bethel et al.:195 | no info | 1 | 0 | no info | no info | N/A | no info | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||
Wintu | Solenopsis spp | t'i:do:q | ant, red ant | inheritance | *t'edVq | Wintun | Shepherd 2005 | underived | Schlichter 1981 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Yavapai | Solenopsis spp | čmyúl | red or fire ant | inheritance | Proto-Yuman | Co. šmuyúły, Mo. Mo. chamaduuly | unknown | Shaterian 1983 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Yokuts Palewyami | Solenopsis spp | missing | missing | missing | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Yokuts Yawdanchi | Solenopsis spp | kakau | large red ant used as counterirritant | inheritance | Nim-Yokuts | Same in Merriam's Chukchansi, Gashowu lists | same | underived | Kroeber 1961:220 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Yokuts Yowlumne | Solenopsis spp | k'e:ne:c' | red ant (Merriam confirms “small red ant” 58:563); | inheritance | *k'e:nič' | Nim-Yokuts | Golla 1964:60 | same | other complex | looks like the -ic' agentive suffix | Newman 1944:191 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||
Yuki | Solenopsis spp | hun-tum she'-mah us'-sah MW | red ant | unique | phrase | huntum shima is a black ant, us-sah red??? | Sawyer & Schlichter 1984 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Yuma | Solenopsis spp | missing | missing | missing | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | no |
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