red-shouldered blackbird
- Semantic Field
- flora-fauna
- Part of Speech
- Meaning Spanish
- Meaning Portuguese
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Languages
| Language | Linnean Name | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Etymology Notes | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Range of Term | Word Structure | Word Structure Notes | Classifier | Classifier Notes | Hypernym | Source | Association with Social Categories | Ritual/Mythologically Significant | Ritual Notes | Food Source | Food Notes | Medicinal | Medicinal Notes | How Collected | Who Collects | How Prepared | Psychotropic | Psychotropic Notes | Traded | Trade Notes | Distribution | Habitat | Dangerous | Ethnobiology Notes | Species Notes | General Notes |
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Language | Linnean Name | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Etymology Notes | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Range of Term | Word Structure | Word Structure Notes | Classifier | Classifier Notes | Hypernym | Source | Association with Social Categories | Ritual/Mythologically Significant | Ritual Notes | Food Source | Food Notes | Medicinal | Medicinal Notes | How Collected | Who Collects | How Prepared | Psychotropic | Psychotropic Notes | Traded | Trade Notes | Distribution | Habitat | Dangerous | Ethnobiology Notes | Species Notes | General Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bankalachi Toloim | Agelaius phoeniceus | cho-lŏk'-nah | Red-shouldered blackbird | unique | same | no info | note the -nah and compare with 10 below | C. H. Merriam 60-455 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Big Smokey Valley Shoshone | Agelaius phoeniceus | pakancukki; saaipakantsukkih “red-winged blackbird” Duckwater 282 | blackbird (M: Red-shouldered blackbird (Agelaius) | inheritance | *paCkwa | Northern Uto-Aztecan | Note *paakonga (Cupan *paaxingish, Kit. pakongyat. Tumpisa Shoshone pokkotoppe, pakkwatoppe | unknown | Merriam 61:75 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cahuilla | Agelaius phoeniceus | páxaniš | ˈpaxaniʃ | Red-shouldered blackbird, Agelaius phoeniceus, male | inheritance | *paaka- | Northern Uto-Aztecan | Cupan *paaxiŋi-sh, Kitanemuk ˈpakoŋjat; Southern Paiute pagatcaqapI; Tumpisa Shoshone pakkwatoppe | narrower (male bird only; Merriam quite consistent on this), but also broader, also recorded for Brewer Blackbird | derived | ʹpaxan-iʃ , looks like a nominalization, but root unclear given that this is from *paxing, not *paxan | -7aʃ “pet” | Possessive classifier -7aʃ | wikikmal | http://www.archive.org/stream/bancroft_chartmerriam_1556_60#page/n155/mode/2up p. 165 | no info | 2 | 1 | no info | hunted | All | roasted, stewed, eggs eaten | 0 | 0 | North and Central America | Open grassy areas, prefers wetlands, but also found in dry upland meadows | no | |||||||||||
| Central Sierra Miwok | Agelaius phoeniceus | 7onglili:wy- | redwing blackbird | unique | other complex | -y nominalizer | Freeland & Broadbent 1960 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chemehuevi | Agelaius phoeniceus | ahn'-gus-se-ap; ahn'-kŏ-sap | ɂaŋka'sapI | Red-shouldered blackbird (Agelaius) | unique | with Numic elements | same | phrase | ɂaŋka-'sapI red-belly | Merriam 59:527 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chumash Barbareno | Agelaius phoeniceus | ʧ'oq | blackbird | loan into protolanguage | Central Chumash only | Yokuts | Kroeber noted this loan; Proto-NimYokuts *ch'ax (Golla 1964:60); Yuki is also very similar, it's an arealism. But loan is into Central Chumash | WW | %chak | underived | Beeler 1978:174 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Chumash Ineseno | Agelaius phoeniceus | ʧ'oq' | blackbird (Merriam confirms 55:9) | loan into protolanguage | Central Chumash only | Yokuts | Central Chumash; Kroeber noted this loan; Proto-NimYokuts *ch'ax (Golla 1964:60). But it's into Central Chumash; a widespread word. | WW | %chak | underived | Applegate155 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Chumash Obispeno | Agelaius phoeniceus | t-štyapa7 | chanate | unique | other complex | t- | Harrington III:1:0300 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chumash Ventureno | Agelaius phoeniceus | tš'oq | blackbird | loan into protolanguage | Central Chumash only | Yokuts | In Barbareno | WW | %chak | underived | JPH II:91:0346 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Cocopa | Agelaius phoeniceus | şqway qlucá·w | redwinged blackbird | inheritance | Delta-California | Iipay Aa hah-se-kwi' (Merriam) | same | phrase | blackbird ?(element appearing only in this expression) | Crawford 1989 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comanche | Agelaius phoeniceus | tuwikaa? | raven, crow, blackbird | semantic shift | *kak | Uto-Aztecan | Probably not a calque because it's in Rejon for “crow”; unique increment: Stubbs 584 (2008:117) | broader (seems to be any old black bird) | phrase | tu- “black”??? -kaa is the “crow” cognate | Robinson & Armagost 1990:183 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Cupeño | Agelaius phoeniceus | paxanish | ˈpaxaniʃ | Blackbird | inheritance | *paakoŋa- | Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan | Cupan *paaxiŋi-sh, Kitanemuk ˈpakoŋjat; Southern Paiute pagatcaqapI; Tumpisa Shoshone pakkwatoppe | same | other complex | ˈpaxani-ʃ blackbird-npn (root may be derived) | -ʔaʃ "pet" | possessive classifier for animals | mukikmal | Hill & Nolasquez 1973:167 | no info | 2 | 1 | songbirds eaten by Cahuilla, Luiseño so surely also by Cupeño | no info | hunted | all | roasted, stewed, eggs eaten | 0 | 0 | North and Central America | Open grassy areas, prefers wetlands, but also found in dry upland meadows | no | ||||||||||
| Esselen | Agelaius phoeniceus | missing | missing | missing | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gabrielino | Agelaius phoeniceus | chakwyu' | ʧaˈkʷjuʔ | red-winged blackbird | loan | Yokuts | Nim-Yokuts *č'ax (Golla 1964:60) | WW | %chak | same | underived | no npn | -ʔaʧ "pet" | possessive classifier for animals | chi:ya | Harrington 160 | no info | 2 | 1 | all birds eaten (McC 116) | no info | hunted | all | roasted | 0 | 0 | North and Central America | Open grassy areas, prefers wetlands, but also found in dry upland meadows | no | |||||||||
| Iipay 'Aa | Agelaius phoeniceus | hah'-se-kwi' | Red-shouldered blackbird (Agelaius) | inheritance | Delta-California | Cocopa şqway qlucá·w | same | underived | Merriam 55:207 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kawaiisu | Agelaius phoeniceus | wokoliiɁi-bɨ | redwing blackbird | unique | same | other complex | wokoliiɁi-bɨ blackbird-ABS | Zigmond et al. | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kiliwa | Agelaius phoeniceus | missing | missing | missing | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kitanemuk | Agelaius phoeniceus | pakoŋyat | ˈpakoŋjat | redwinged blackbird | inheritance | *paaka | Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan | Cupan *paaxiŋi-ʃ; Tumpisa Shoshone pakkwatoppe; S. Paiute paqatchaqapi | same | other complex | ˈpakoŋja-t red.winged.blackbird-npn | -ʔacit "pet" | possessive classifier for animals | wicitat | Anderton 1988:456 | no info | 2 | 1 | no decent info but everybody ate songbirds and eggs | no info | hunted | all | roasted, boiled, eggs eaten | 0 | 0 | North and Central America | Open grassy areas, prefers wetlands, but also found in dry upland meadows | no | ||||||||||
| Lake Miwok | Agelaius phoeniceus | c'akáttu, cak'átta | blackbird (Merriam confirms as OK 57;519) | loan | Hill Patwin | “probably from Hill Patwin c'akatu “black bird”” 1965:204); but note Pmis *chakup-:a- (Callaghan 1997:58) | WW | %chak | underived | c'ak is probably the root but nature of -attu increment is unclear | Callaghan 1965 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Luiseño | Agelaius phoeniceus | páaxingish | ʹpa:xiŋiʃ | red-winged blackbird | inheritance | *paaka- | Northern Uto-Aztecan | Cupan *paaxiŋi-sh, Kitanemuk ˈpakoŋjat; Southern Paiute pagatcaqapI; Tumpisa Shoshone pakkwatoppe | same | other complex | ʹpa:xiŋi-ʃ | 7ehéngmay | Elliott 1999:672 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||
| Maidu | Agelaius phoeniceus | c'akát'i | blackbird | loan | unknown | Note Mie cak... forms; a widespread areal form | WW | %chak | other complex | -i is a stem former | Shipley 1963 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Mojave | Agelaius phoeniceus | thiɂiikwa (Merriam Cowbird); Merriam gives qual ē täk' a | blackbird | unique | broader (several types of blackbirds) | underived | Munro et al.1992 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutsun | Agelaius phoeniceus | kulyan | blackbird (Merriam 55:409 confirms both Brewer's and Red-wing) | unique | Southern Costanoan only | Note Pinart's Antoniano čoola; Pinart has “kulian” only in Co IV (Rumsen) | underived | Okrand 1977:58; Mason 1916:427; 428 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nisenan | Agelaius phoeniceus | wut; mi-dik-kum chahk (= man, male) | red-winged blackbird | loan | unknown | WW | %chak | underived | Merriam 57:235 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Northern Paiute | Agelaius phoeniceus | at-sut-saw-pă-ko'-ro'-bah | pakoddoba (Y); pakotopA Thornes 2003:219 | Red-shouldered blackbird (Agelaius) | inheritance | Northern Uto-Aztecan | This is a new set with *paka ... with various increments, see notes under “bird” in Stubbs 2008 | same | phrase | at-sut-saw “red-head? (atsa-tso-)” -pă-ko'-ro'-bah “blackbird” | Merriam 61:141 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Northern Sierra Miwok | Agelaius phoeniceus | cakup:aTi-, copuk:aTi- | blackbird | loan into protolanguage | Eastern Miwokan | unknown | Callaghan 1997:58 fails to note Mip cikup:ati- | WW | %chak | other complex | -Ti probably thematic | Callaghan 1987 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Plains Miwok | Agelaius phoeniceus | cikup:ati- | redwing blackbird, probably Brewer blackbird (CHM only B.b.) | inheritance | Eastern Miwokan | In Mins, Miss | underived | -ti separable etymologically? | Callaghan 1984 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Salinan A | Agelaius phoeniceus | čol', čola7 (Turner 1983:227; 1980:69) | red-winged blackbird | unique | Salinan | Note Central Chumash ʧ'oq | underived | Mason 1918:125 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Salinan M | Agelaius phoeniceus | tcal | Brewer's blackbird | unique | Salinan | forms with chak, etc. quite common | underived | Mason 1918:125 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Seri (Comcaac) | Agelaius phoeniceus | zazan | Great-tailed grackle | loan | O'odham | O'odham shashani “blackbird” | broader (I suspect any non-corvid black bird) | underived | Comcaac Dictionary 615 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Serrano | Agelaius phoeniceus | missing | missing | missing | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Southern Paiute | Agelaius phoeniceus | pagatcaqapI | Red-shouldered blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) | inheritance, loan | *paaka- | Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan | unknown | this looks like a compound from the *pakka word (Cupan *paaxiŋi-sh, Kitanemuk ˈpakoŋjat; ; Tumpisa Shoshone pakkwatoppe); incorporates %chak; but note BSVS pakancukki; saaipakantsukkih “red-winged blackbird” Duckwater 282, so might just be vowel assimilat | WW | %chak | unknown | paga- “cane”? -tcaqapI “to make a click-like sound” 699 but see below for “yellowbird” | Sapir 1930:605 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||
| Southern Sierra Miwok | Agelaius phoeniceus | capuk-”a | Brewer's blackbird (Merriam confirms ch... for Red-wing; | inheritance | *chakup-:a- | Eastern Miwokan | Callaghan 1997:58 fails to note Mip cikup:ati- | other complex | suffix -”a | Broadbent 1964: | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Southern Ute | Agelaius phoeniceus | missing | missing | missing | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tübatulabal | Agelaius phoeniceus | tsakkīpü:l | ʦaki:ˈbɨ:l | blackbird | loan | Yokuts | Nim-Yokuts *č'ax (Golla 1964:60) | WW | %chak | same | derived | ʦaki:ˈ-bɨ:-l blackbird-deriv.suffix-npn | chikkīt | Hill 2010:89 | no info | 2 | 1 | no info | hunted | men | roasted on coals, bones ground (some consultants denied Tub. ate eggs before Whites) | 0 | 0 | North and Central America | Open grassy areas, prefers wetlands, but also found in dry upland meadows | no | ||||||||||||
| Tümpisa Shoshone | Agelaius phoeniceus | pokkotoppe, pakkwatoppe | red-winged blackbird | inheritance | *paCkwa | Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan | Note *paakonga (Cupan *paaxingish, Kit. pakongyat. Big Smokey Valley is pakkancukkwi | same | other complex | pakkwa-to-ppe blackbird-?-CL | ppe | Dayley 1989:186 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Wappo | Agelaius phoeniceus | č'ákh | blackbird, red-winged blackbird (CHM confirms 52:571) | loan | unknown | areal; “ Hill Patwin c'akatu “black bird”” 1965:204); Wintu L'ul č'ač'at; Mil c'akattu/a; but note Pmis *chakup-:a- (Callaghan 1997:58); Nim-Yokuts *č'ax | WW | %chak | underived | Sawyer 1965 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Washo | Agelaius phoeniceus | c'ótgi7 | Red-shouldered blackbird(Merriam's included word for “red” | loan | unknown | WW | %chak | underived | Merriam 55:303; WPD | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Western Mono | Agelaius phoeniceus | pan-nak'-kor (Merriam); ca:k Gayton 2:223 | Red-shouldered blackbird, Agelaius phoeniceus | loan | Yokuts | NP pakoddoba?? ; Timbisa Shoshone pah'-ne'-zah'-rah (Merriam); Gayton's chak is Yokuts | WW | %chak | same | underived | tsiipa “bird” | Merriam 59:73 | no info | 2 | 1 | no info | hunted | men | no info | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||
| Wintu | Agelaius phoeniceus | L'ul č'ač'at | red-winged blackbird (lit. “lake blackbird”) (Merriam confirms headword) | loan | unknown | The č'ač'at part is in a large family of blackbird words in č'a... in NAM | WW | %chak | phrase | lake č'a | Schlichter 1981 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Yavapai | Agelaius phoeniceus | missing | missing | missing | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yokuts Palewyami | Agelaius phoeniceus | missing | missing | missing | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yokuts Yawdanchi | Agelaius phoeniceus | tcak | Merriam ko-toon' chahk' | blackbird (Brewer), CHM is Agelaius rsb ) 58:363 | loan into protolanguage | *č'ax | Nim-Yokuts | unknown | Golla 1964:60; areal; “ Hill Patwin c'akatu “black bird”” 1965:204); Wintu L'ul č'ač'at; Mil c'akattu/a; but note Pmis *chakup-:a- (Callaghan 1997:58); Wappo č'ákh | WW | %chak | same | underived | Kroeber 1961:203 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | ||||||||||||||||||
| Yokuts Yowlumne | Agelaius phoeniceus | c'ak' | blackbird | loan into protolanguage | *č'ax (*č'ak' in Callaghan 1997;58) | Nim-Yokuts | unknown | Golla 1964:60 | WW | %chak | same | underived | Newman 1944:176 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||
| Yuki | Agelaius phoeniceus | shoo-pah MWO, Sup U | brewer's or red-shouldered blackbird | inheritance | *šipa | Yukian | Schlichter 1985 | underived | Sawyer & Schlichter 1984 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yuma | Agelaius phoeniceus | hus-e-kwah' i-hah' | Red-shouldered blackbird (Agelaius) | inheritance | Proto-Yuman | 'Iipay Aa hah'-se-kwi'; Looks like a Delta-California form, cf. Cocopa şqway qlucá·w | unknown | Merriam 61:457 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no |
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