Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

red-tailed hawk

Semantic Field: flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
Meaning Portuguese

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Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Hypernym	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	Medicinal Notes	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Psychotropic Notes	Traded	Trade Notes	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous	Ethnobiology Notes	Species Notes	General Notes

Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Hypernym	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Trade Notes	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous
Bankalachi Toloim	Buteo jamaicensis	ě'-tě'		Redtailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis)	unique				probably a loan, but not Yokuts			same	underived					C. H. Merriam 72-77, 60-453		2		2		0							no
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	Buteo jamaicensis	sah'-nah kwin'-nah RV, RM		Swainson hawk (Buteo swainsoni)	inheritance	*kwi'na	Numic		Stubbs 717b (2008:131) with increment sana- also recorded at Duckwater for “eagle”??			same	phrase	pinyon big.bird???				Merriam 61:73		2		2		0							no
Cahuilla	Buteo jamaicensis	kʷáʔal	ˈkʷaʔal	chicken hawk (smaller than kisily)	inheritance	*kwaʔa-	Uto-Aztecan		S716 (Stubbs 2009:131)			same	other complex	ˈkʷaʔa-l possibly onomatopoeic root, plus non.possessed.noun	-7aʃ “pet”	Possessive classifier -7aʃ	wikikmal (?)	Seiler&Hioki 1979:91	no info	2		2	“Hawks were usually not eaten” (Lightfoot & Parrish 2009:360)	no info	hunted	Men	feathers used for fletching arrows		Widespread in Americas	Mixed forest and field	no
Central Sierra Miwok	Buteo jamaicensis	súj:u-		chicken hawk	inheritance	*suj:u-	Miwokan		Callaghanphonloy2222				underived					Freeland & Broadbent 1960		2		2		0							no
Chemehuevi	Buteo jamaicensis	kwan-ahn'-zits	kwanántsitsI JPH	Red-tailed hawk (Buteo borealis)	inheritance	*kwana	Southern Numic only		Stubbs 717a (2008:131), really looks like kwi'na, and like other UA kwa words, but problems			same	other complex	kwanán-tsi-tsI big.bird-ABS-DIM				Merriam 59:525		2		2		0							no
Chumash Barbareno	Buteo jamaicensis	xelex		hawk sp.	loan into protolanguage		Central Chumash only	unknown		WW	%kili		underived					Beeler 1978:189		2		2		0							no
Chumash Ineseno	Buteo jamaicensis	kwitch, ku'-witch		red-tailed hawk	inheritance		Central Chumash only		Central Chumash				underived					Merriam 55:7		2		2		0							no
Chumash Obispeno	Buteo jamaicensis	missing			missing								missing							2		2		0							no
Chumash Ventureno	Buteo jamaicensis	k'wee'ch (1932), koo-ētch 1905; kwits (JPH)		hawk sp.	inheritance		Central Chumash only		Central Chumash				underived					Merriam 55:41 V ; JPH III:69:0080 (from FL)		2		2		0							no
Cocopa	Buteo jamaicensis	xma pkwya·w		western red-tailed hawk	inheritance		Delta-California		Note 'Iipay Aa pā'-kwahlCH; ep'-kwahCH			same	phrase	chicken hawk (a neologism??)				Crawford 1989		2		2		0							no
Comanche	Buteo jamaicensis	tosa nakaai		hawk	inheritance	*naka'i	Numic		Stubbs 724 (2008:132)			same	phrase	white hawk.sp (R&A say “white hears”, utter nonsense				Robinson & Armagost 1990:163		2		2		0							no
Cupeño	Buteo jamaicensis	kwah'-ahl	ˈkʷaˈʔal	Red-tailed hawk	inheritance	*kwaʔa-	Uto-Aztecan		S716 (Stubbs 2009:131); there are similar Yuman words but this seems to be a good UA word			same	other complex	ˈkʷaˈʔa-l hawk.sp-npn	-ʔaʃ "pet"	possessive classifier for animals	not a mukikmal as far as I know	http://www.archive.org/stream/bancroft_chartmerriam_1556_60#page/n251/mode/2up, p. 257	no info	2		2	probably not eaten; Luiseño, did not eat	no info	hunted	men	feathers for fletching arrows		Americas	mixed forest and field	no
Esselen	Buteo jamaicensis	šwekeš-upsa (Pinart šeukker upsa)		hawk	loan			Costanoan	Shaul cites Costanoan šewker “red-tailed hawk”				other complex	-p$a animal suffix	-p$a			Shaul 1988:696		2		2		0							no
Gabrielino	Buteo jamaicensis	paki:sar	paˈki:sar	gavilan pollero	inheritance	*kisa	Northern Uto-Aztecan		S720 (Stubbs 2009:131)			same	derived	pa-ˈki:sa-r big/water-hawk-npn (I am not sure this is synchronically productive in Gab)	-ʔaʧ “pet	possessive classifier for animals		Harrington 147	no info	2	beaks, claws in Chingichngich figure (McC p. 28)	2	McC does not mention but is Chingichngish animal	no info	hunted	men	for feathers, for arrows and regalia	feathers used in regalia, traded	Widespread in Americas	Mixed forest and field	no
Iipay 'Aa	Buteo jamaicensis	pā'-kwahlCH; ep'-kwahCH (Mesa Grande) Merriam 55:205)		red-tailed hawk	inheritance		Delta-California		Note Cocopa xma pkwya·w; UA *kwa'a “large hawk” should be considered as a source (S716)			same	underived					Merriam 55:171		2		2		0							no
Kawaiisu	Buteo jamaicensis	kwah-nuz'-ze (K)	kwanazi	Red-tailed hawk	inheritance	*kwana	Southern Numic		Stubbs 717a (2008:131), really looks like kwi'na, and like other UA kwa words, but problems			same	other complex	kwana-zi large.bird-ABS				Merriam 59:367		2		2		0							no
Kiliwa	Buteo jamaicensis	pkwalu		Western Red-tailed haw, Buteo borealis calurus)	inheritance		Proto-Yuman		Note 'Iipay Aa ɂepkwall, Yavapai skwāla; UA *kwa'a “large hawk” should be considered as a source (S716)			same	relative clause	“probaby from *kw-p+walu “feathered”				Mixco 1985		2		2		0							no
Kitanemuk	Buteo jamaicensis	pakihač	ˈpakihaʧr	hawk sp:light, dark, gavilan	inheritance	*kisa	Northern Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 729 (2008:131) with pa: prefix like in Gab.			same	derived	ˈpa-kiha-ʧr big-hawk-npn (Anderton's morphological analysis is wrong; clearly this is cognate with Cupeno kisily “hawk”, etc.)	-ʔacit "pet"	possessive classifier for animals		Anderton 1988:456	no info	2	feathers in ritual regalia	2		no info	hunted	men	perhaps for feathers only	probably feather regalia traded	Americas	Mixed forest and field	no
Lake Miwok	Buteo jamaicensis	şújju		chicken hawk (Merriam confirms as red-tail 57:517)	inheritance		Miwokan		Pmi *suj:u- Callaghan 1971				underived					Callaghan 1965		2		2		0							no
Luiseño	Buteo jamaicensis	kwá'la	ʹkʷaɁla	kind of hawk; Sparkman, red-tailed hawk	inheritance	*kʷaʔa-	Uto-Aztecan		S716a (Stubbs 209:131); a loan from Yuman should be considered (Kiliwa pkwalu, 'Iipay Aa ?epkwall, Yavapai skwala, although those may be from UA -- bird words, yucch.			same	other complex	ʹkʷaɁ-la red.tailed.hawk-non.possessed.noun	-ʔaʃ "pet"	possessive classifier; NPN form of noun is ʔaʃla	uncertain if is 7ehéngmal	Elliott 1999:430	no info	2	feathers for headdresses (Sparkman 1908:208)	2	not eaten (Kroeber 1925:652)	no info	HowCollected	men	feathers for arrows, headdresses, wands	ceremonial regalia bought and sold	Americas	mixed forest and field	no
Maidu	Buteo jamaicensis	bōk-luk'-kah		red-tailed hawk	unique								other complex	note bo- also in bald eagle				Merriam57:41		2		2		0							no
Mojave	Buteo jamaicensis	kwas'ool; Merriam oo' mä thāy		big bird, hawk	inheritance		Proto-Yuman		Note Yavapai skwāla; this looks like a metath, and see Kiliwa pkwalu, 'Iipay Aa ?epkwaal; Yuma kwash7o/l “large hawk sp.”; UA *kwa'a “large hawk” should be considered as a source (S716)			same	underived					Munro et al.1992		2		2		0							no
Mutsun	Buteo jamaicensis	siwkker		hawk sp.; Merriam confirms “red-tailed hawk, any big hawk” Merriam 55:407	unique				Possibly a loan from Esselen but the opposite is more likely				underived					Okrand 1977:13		2		2		0							no
Nisenan	Buteo jamaicensis	lel'-lĕ; lil'-ly		red-tailed hawk	unique								reduplicated					Merriam 57:233		2		2		0							no
Northern Paiute	Buteo jamaicensis	naka'e		hawk (M. has as Red-tailed hawk (Buteo borealis)	inheritance	*naka'i	Numic		Stubbs 724 (2008:132)				unknown					Merriam 61:137		2		2		0							no
Northern Sierra Miwok	Buteo jamaicensis	suj:u-		chicken hawk	inheritance	*suj:u-	Miwokan		Callaghan 1971				underived					Callaghan 1987		2		2		0							no
Plains Miwok	Buteo jamaicensis	pil:aw		red-tailed hawk	unique								underived					Callaghan 1984		2		2		0							no
Salinan A	Buteo jamaicensis	spe:k'		red-tailed hawk	unique		Salinan						other complex	s- animal prefix				Mason 1918:124; Turner 1980:76		2		2		0							no
Salinan M	Buteo jamaicensis	spi:k'		red-tailed hawk	unique		Salinan						other complex	s- animal prefix				Mason 1918:124		2		2		0							no
Seri (Comcaac)	Buteo jamaicensis	siipoj cquihjö		red-tailed hawk	unique				They think might be related to TO sipuk “cardinal” -- I doubt i very much. “Hawk” and “cardinal” don't have anything in common!			same	phrase	osprey (Pandion) red				Comcaac Dictionary 558		2		2		0							no
Serrano	Buteo jamaicensis	kwa:7T		red-tailed hawk (CHM confirms 72-27)	inheritance	*kwa7a	Northern Uto-Aztecan		S716a (Stubbs 2008:131)				other complex	-t NPN				KCHill ms 2001:25		2		2		0							no
Southern Paiute	Buteo jamaicensis	qwanatsits:		Red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis)	unique								unknown					Sapir 1930:546		2		2		0							no
Southern Sierra Miwok	Buteo jamaicensis	suj:u-		chicken hawk (Merriam confirms red-tailed hawk 57:453	inheritance	*suj:u-	Miwokan		Callaghan 1971				underived					Broadbent 1964:		2		2		0							no
Southern Ute	Buteo jamaicensis	sí-gwaná-cI		hawk, falcon	unique							broader (may include more than one kind of hawk although I'm dubious, dictionary is lousy on ethnobio)	phrase	gray-eagle-ABS				Givon 1979		2		2		0							no
Tübatulabal	Buteo jamaicensis	wā'al	wa:ˈʔal	large hawk	inheritance	*kwa7a-	Uto-Aztecan		S716 (Stubbs 2009:131)			same	other complex	wa:ˈʔa-l hawk-npn				Hill 2010:114	no info	2	Hawk is a supernatural being, a yümükīwal, and must be treated with respect	2	Voegelin 1938:12	no info	hunted	men	for feathers for arrow fletching (Voegelin 1938:28)		Americas	Mixed forest and field	no
Tümpisa Shoshone	Buteo jamaicensis	kwiyoo		red-tailed hawk (Buteo borealis)	inheritance	*kwayo/kwayu	Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs links to Hopi kwaayo “small eagle”, with argument -- but I suspect a loan. Stubbs 718 (2008:131)			same	underived	maybe onomatopoeia but an old word				Dayley:87 1989		2		2		0							no
Wappo	Buteo jamaicensis	shek'		red-tailed hawk	unique								underived					Merriam 52:569		2		2		0							no
Washo	Buteo jamaicensis	má7wi7		red-tailed hawk	unique								underived					Merriam 55:231; WPD		2		2		0							no
Western Mono	Buteo jamaicensis	puu'na'		red-tailed hawk	loan			Chukchansi Yokuts	Chukchansi pu: (approximately -- from Merriam)			same	onomatopoeic	maybe turned into puu'-na', puu'-it.says???				Bethel et al.:157	a totem of the Yayanchi moiety	2		2	Fire fan made of hawk or buzzard tail feathers used to smoke out ground squirrels, cottontails (Gayton 2: 220)	no info	hunted	men	mainly for feathers				no
Wintu	Buteo jamaicensis	ladet, ladit		red-tailed hawk (CHM confirms, consistent for all dialects e.g. 56:7, 39)	unique								other complex					Pitkin 1985		2		2		0							no
Yavapai	Buteo jamaicensis	skwāla		large hawk	inheritance		Proto-Yuman		Kiliwa pkwalu, 'Iipay Aa ɂepkwall; UA *kwa'a “large hawk” should be considered as a source (S716)				unknown					Shaterian 1983		2		2		0							no
Yokuts Palewyami	Buteo jamaicensis	esem		red-tailed hawk	unique				unique in Kroeber			same	underived					Kroeber 1961:202 (Merriam 58:521 confirms red-tailed hawk)		2		2		0							no
Yokuts Yawdanchi	Buteo jamaicensis	cuxup		hawk sp. (Merriam confirms cuxup 58:361)	inheritance		Nim-Yokuts		In all Kroeber except Pal. (Buena Vista forms are missing)			same	underived					Kroeber 1961:202		2		2		0							no
Yokuts Yowlumne	Buteo jamaicensis	cuxup ($uxup' Newman 1964:8)		hawk sp.	inheritance		Nim-Yokuts		In all Kroeber except Pal. (Buena Vista forms are missing)			same	underived	Vowel harmony suggests maybe some kind of suffixing but I don't know what				Kroeber 1961:202		2		2		0							no
Yuki	Buteo jamaicensis	T'o7okmul' A	T retroflex t	chicken hawk	unique								relative clause	-mol agentive?				Sawyer & Schlichter 1984		2		2		0							no
Yuma	Buteo jamaicensis	ets-ŏr		Red-tailed hawk (Buteo borealis)	unique								unknown					Merriam 61:455		2		2		0							no


Bankalachi Toloim
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Cahuilla
Central Sierra Miwok
Chemehuevi
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Cocopa
Comanche
Cupeño
Esselen
Gabrielino
Iipay 'Aa
Kawaiisu
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Lake Miwok
Luiseño
Maidu
Mojave
Mutsun
Nisenan
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Plains Miwok
Salinan A
Salinan M
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Southern Paiute
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Wappo
Washo
Western Mono
Wintu
Yavapai
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuki
Yuma

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