| Bankalachi Toloim |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
hol'-poi, hol'-poi'-ĕ “bigger” |
|
Scaly lizard (Sceloporus) |
loan |
|
|
Yokuts |
Yowlumne hol-poi'-ye, hol-poi'-yah (all lizards) |
|
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
C. H. Merriam 72-79, 60-463 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Big Smokey Valley Shoshone |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
tŭ'-moi (RV), dĕ'-hoi (RM) |
|
Scaly lizard (Sceloporus) |
inheritance |
*tɨko |
Uto-Aztecan |
|
Stubbs 1336 (2008:203) SUA only, needs elevation. And perhaps unite with Stubbs 1342 |
|
|
same |
underived |
has tɨ- “earth” prefix etymologically |
|
|
|
Merriam 61:81 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cahuilla |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
múlʸak |
ˈmuʎak |
lizard (generic term) |
inheritance |
|
|
|
Only in Cupeño and Cahuila. Because of odd word shape, a potential loan; not obviously Yuman. |
|
|
same (according to S&H) |
underived |
no non-possessed noun suffix |
-7aʃ “pet” |
possessive classifier -7aʃ (probably) |
|
Seiler & Hioki 1979:114 |
no info |
2 |
Moon gaves lizards their colors; they are her paintings (Seiler 1970:44). Mulyak still looks at sun because he was assigned to watch an evil-doer at Creation Time (Seiler 1970:48) |
2 |
|
no info |
|
hunted |
women |
boiled, roasted |
0 |
|
0 |
|
All Americas |
Diverse habitats |
no |
|
|
|
| Central Sierra Miwok |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
šák:aTi- |
|
lizard |
inheritance |
|
Eastern Miwokan |
|
In all Mis and Mip |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
tsang-ah' |
caŋA |
Scaly lizard (Sceloporus) |
inheritance |
*caŋa |
Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan |
|
Stubbs 1331 (2008;202), may be arealism, cognates are in Chemehuevi, SP, Serrano |
|
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 59:535 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Barbareno |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Ineseno |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
o'-no-kō'k |
|
Scaly lizard |
inheritance |
|
Central Chumash only |
|
Also in Barbareno |
|
|
|
underived |
probably complex, but impossible to identify morphemes |
|
|
|
Merriam 55:17 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Obispeno |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
t'akiškilopo |
|
cachora |
unique |
|
|
|
Schoenhals et al say is Sceloporus |
|
|
|
phrase |
elements unanalyzable |
|
|
|
JPH III;1:295 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Chumash Ventureno |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
an'-tip-snă'-ki |
|
scaly lizard |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
other complex |
7al- |
|
|
|
Merriam 55:49 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cocopa |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Comanche |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
mulyak |
ˈmulyak |
lizard sp. |
inheritance |
*mulyak |
Cupan |
|
only in Cupeño, Cahuilla |
|
|
broader (seems to be generic for “lizard”) |
underived |
note no npn |
-ʔaʃ "pet" |
possessive classifier for animals |
|
Hill & Nolasquez 1973:163 |
no info |
2 |
Mulyak spies on frog as he bewitches creator (Hill & Nolasquez 1973:3); ceremonial couplet mulyak $evalchangish (H&N p. 80) |
2 |
|
no info |
|
no info |
no info |
no info |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Americas |
diverse habitats |
no |
|
|
|
| Esselen |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
mexile-n |
|
lizard |
loan |
|
|
Costanoan |
compare Costanoan mexer- |
|
|
|
other complex |
-n classifier suffix |
-n |
|
|
Shaul 1988:696 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
che-roo'-ko? 60-429 |
ʧiˈrukuʔ |
Scaly lizard |
loan |
|
|
Gabrielino |
Kitanemuk chiruku' “lizard, cachora (iguana)”; See discussion at S1332 (Stubbs 2009:202). See also note with “Bat” |
|
|
broader (for several kinds of lizards, but not all so-called in English) |
underived |
no npn |
-ʔaʧ “pet |
possessive classifier for animals |
|
http://www.archive.org/stream/bancroft_chartmerriam_1556_60#page/n415/mode/2up; p. 429 |
no info |
2 |
|
2 |
considered disgusting (McC p. 117) |
no info |
|
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Americas |
Diverse habitats |
no |
|
|
|
| Iipay 'Aa |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
haakwall |
|
lizard (Merriam 55:213 confirms Sceloporus) |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Couro & Hutcheson 1973 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
wō-wus'-san-nā'-te/ze |
|
Sceloporus |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
same |
other complex |
wō-wus'-san-nā'-te/ze; last element is -zi ABS |
|
|
|
Merriam 59:375 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kiliwa |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
xmsilq |
|
spiny lizards. S. poinsetti? |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Mixco 1985 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
che'-roo-po 60-17 |
chiruku' (Harrington's form in Anderton) |
lizard, cachora (Iguana) |
loan |
|
|
Gabrielino |
Gab. che-roo'-ko? 60-429. See discussion at S1332 (Stubbs 2009:202). See also note with “Bat” |
|
|
no info |
underived |
no npn |
-ʔacit "pet" |
possessive classifier for animals |
|
Anderton 1988:285 |
no info |
2 |
|
2 |
|
no info |
|
no info |
no info |
no info |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Americas |
Diverse habitats |
no |
|
|
|
| Lake Miwok |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
petéeli |
|
lizard (Merriam confirms as Sceloporus 57:527) |
inheritance |
|
Miwokan |
|
Pmiw *pe:te:li, also Mip pit:e:le- Callaghan 1971:24 |
WW |
%petel |
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Callaghan 1965 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
qa$íla |
qaʹşila |
lizard |
unique |
|
|
|
I wonder about S1328b *kwaCca, in which Stubbs 2009:202 puts Hopi qöqöci. Vowel is wrong, but ... |
|
|
same |
other complex |
qaʹşi-la lizard-non.possessed.noun |
-ʔaʃ "pet" |
possessive classifier; NPN form of noun is ʔaʃla |
no info |
Elliott 1999:792 |
no info |
2 |
|
2 |
“a tabooed food” White 1963:143 |
no info |
|
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Americas |
diverse habitats |
no |
|
|
|
| Maidu |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
7óm píccak'a |
|
lizard (Merriam confirms) |
inheritance |
*pít-c'ak' |
Maiduan |
|
Ultan 1964:366:208 |
|
|
|
phrase |
rock lizard.sp. |
|
|
|
Shipley 1963 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Mojave |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
ɂahatath'ily |
|
type of spiny of scaled lizard (lives in greasewood) |
inheritance |
|
Proto-Yuman |
|
Contains *(č)-xat “dog”; Note Yavapai thθí(·)la |
|
|
same |
phrase |
7ahat-ath'ily second element only in this form |
|
|
|
Munro et al.1992 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Mutsun |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
mă-hă-ru-ah |
|
Scaly lizard (Sceloporus) |
inheritance |
|
|
|
Southern Costanoan; Rumseh mĕCH-a-ren Merriam 55:449 |
|
|
|
other complex |
morphology unknown |
|
|
|
Merriam 55:417 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Nisenan |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
p'ic'ak', pitc'ak' |
|
lizard (Merriam confirms scaly lizard Merriam 57:241 |
inheritance |
*pít-c'ak' |
Maiduan |
|
Ultan 1964: 366 # 208 |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Uldall & Shipley 1966 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
kah-wē'-dah |
|
Scaly lizard (Sceloporus) |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
same |
underived |
may have the -dɨ nominalizer but impossible to tell |
|
|
|
Merriam 61:147 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Northern Sierra Miwok |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
sak:iTi- |
|
Ordinary dark gray lizard (Merriam Sceloporus, Gerrhonotus”) |
inheritance |
|
Eastern Miwokan |
|
In all Mis and Mip |
|
|
|
other complex |
-Ti |
|
|
|
Callaghan 1987 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Plains Miwok |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
tep:e:na- |
|
lizard (generic), telegraph lizard, common lizard, blue lizard (CHM has for Sceloporus CC) |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Callaghan 1984 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Salinan A |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
xakelé; xa:pelé7 |
|
lizard (Merriam confirms scaly lizard 55:379) |
loan |
|
Salinan |
unknown |
Note Pmiw *pet:el:li, Mip pit:e:le-, |
WW |
%petel |
|
underived |
probably etymologically complex |
|
|
|
Mason 1918:123; Turner 1980:78 from Harrington, Jacobsen |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Salinan M |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
xapailə/' |
|
lizard (Merriam confirms scaly lizard 55:379) |
loan |
|
Salinan |
unknown |
note Note Pmiw *pet:el:li, Mip pit:e:le-, |
WW |
%petel |
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Mason 1918:123 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Seri (Comcaac) |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
haasj |
|
spiny lizard, Sceloporus magister/? |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
narrower (a species of Sceloporus) |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Comcaac Dictionary 309 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Serrano |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
car:ngt |
|
lizard sp. (CHM confirms Sceloporus 60:109) |
inheritance |
*canga |
Northern Uto-Aztecan |
|
Stubbs 1331; only other form is Southern Paiute, may be a regionalism, not NUA |
|
|
|
other complex |
-t NPN |
|
|
|
KCHill ms 2001:8 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
tcanga: |
|
Lizard (Merriam: Scaly lizard (Sceloporus) |
inheritance |
*caŋa |
Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan |
|
Stubbs 1331 (2008:202); may be arealism, cognates in Chemehuevi, S. Paiute, Serrano |
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Sapir 1930:698 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Sierra Miwok |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
sok'-kah-de' |
|
Scaly lizard (Sceloporus) |
inheritance |
|
Eastern Miwokan |
|
In all Mis and Mip |
|
|
|
other complex |
-ti (Ti?) |
|
|
|
Merriam 57:463 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Tübatulabal |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
shikkol |
ʃiˈkol |
lizard |
semantic shift |
*siko- “stinkbug” |
Californian |
|
S312 (Stubbs 2009:83); alwas reduplicated as sisko in “stinkbug”, perhaps that's the shift from “lizard”. |
|
|
broader (includes several kinds of lizard, more like English “lizard, generic”) |
other complex |
ʃiˈko-l lizard-npn |
|
|
|
Hill 2010:78 |
no info |
2 |
|
2 |
no reptiles eaten (Voegelin 1938:6) |
no info |
|
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
0 |
|
0 |
|
Americas |
Diverse habitats |
no |
|
|
|
| Tümpisa Shoshone |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
awappo'i |
|
desert spring lizard, Sceloporus magister |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
same |
underived |
|
|
|
|
Dayley 1989:11 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Wappo |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
tōn-nŏk; tawn'-nuk-kaw |
|
scaly lizard |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 52:577 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Washo |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
píteli7 |
|
scaly lizard |
loan |
|
|
Northern Sierra Miwok |
Pmiw *pet:el:l (Callaghan 1971), |
WW |
%petel |
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 55:311; WPD |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
poGo'ya |
|
lizard |
inheritance |
*poko |
Western + Central Numic, Tübatulabal |
|
Stubbs 1338 (2008:203); distribution looks areal, check Yokuts, Miwok |
|
|
same |
underived |
-ya may be detachable (see taba'ya "gooseberry") |
|
|
|
Bethel et al.:150 |
no info |
2 |
|
2 |
|
no info |
|
no info |
no info |
no info |
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Wintu |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
č'iwiL |
|
fence lizard (Sceloporus) (CHM confirms) |
inheritance |
*č'iwil |
Wintun |
|
Shepherd 2005 |
|
|
|
underived |
č'iw 2 only |
|
|
|
Schlichter 1981 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yavapai |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
thθí(·)la |
|
lizard |
inheritance |
|
Proto-Yuman |
|
Note Mojave ahatath'ily |
|
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
Shaterian 1983 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Palewyami |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
kah-tahl'-mut |
|
Scaly lizard |
unique |
|
|
|
nothing similar in Kroeber |
|
|
same |
phrase |
-mut is probably -meT "big" |
|
|
|
Merriam 58:529 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Yawdanchi |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
k'onče:ča |
(Golla 1964:63) |
Scaly lizard (Wik) (Merriam confirms genus Sceloporus) |
inheritance |
*k'on-čo:čiɂ |
Nim-Yokuts |
|
Golla 1964:63; looks a bit like the Mutsun “snake” word ko:Tehwa |
|
|
broader (may be generic for “lizard” |
other complex |
the k'on element is separable |
|
|
|
Merriam 58:371; transcription Golla 1964:63 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yokuts Yowlumne |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
hol-poiy'-ye/yah |
|
scaly lizard, all lizards |
unique |
|
|
|
unique among Merriam's forms |
|
|
broader (a generic for “lizard”) |
other complex |
surely complex but no analysis available |
|
|
|
Merriam 58:561 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yuki |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
są:t'e F, sątin A |
|
Scaly lizard (CHM confirms) |
inheritance |
*sət'i(ya)m |
Yukian |
|
Schlichter 1985 |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
Sawyer & Schlichter 1984 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Yuma |
Pygopus lepidopodus? |
>han-tus-ēl' |
|
Scaly lizard (Sceloporus) |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
Merriam 61:463 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
