| Cahuilla |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Serrano |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Timbisha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Shoshone |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Comanche |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Idaho Shoshone |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Achagua |
yes |
|
Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 44 |
|
|
|
| Resígaro |
yes |
|
Allin, 1976: 223 |
|
|
|
| Bare |
yes |
|
Aikhenvald, 1995: 24 |
|
|
|
| Piapoco |
yes |
|
Galindo, 2002: 328 |
|
|
|
| Yukuna |
yes |
|
Shauer & Shauer, 1978: p. 28 |
|
|
|
| Yavitero |
yes |
Examples are all Dem-Noun, although this doesn’t seem to be made explicit. |
Mosonyi, 1987: p. 50 |
|
|
|
| Wapishana |
yes |
|
Santos, 2006: 188 |
|
|
|
| Wayuu |
yes |
|
Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 799 |
|
|
|
| Tariana |
yes |
Demonstratives always precede the NP head. |
Aikhenvald, 2003: 475 |
|
|
|
| Apurinã |
yes |
All examples are Dem N, although Facundes does not discuss it explicitly. |
Facundes, 2000: 355-359 |
|
|
|
| Asheninka Apurucayali |
yes |
|
Payne 1983:130140 |
|
|
|
| Maipure |
no info |
author claims that demonstratives are obscure. |
Zamponi 2003:22 |
|
|
|
| Yanesha' |
yes |
|
Duff-Tripp 1997:158 |
|
|
|
| Kinikinau |
no |
Demonstratives do not exist in the language |
Souza 2008:117 |
|
|
|
| Baure |
yes |
"The position of a determiner is always NP initial." |
Danielsen 2007: p310 |
|
|
|
| Nanti |
yes |
Nanti noun phrases are “right-headed.” |
Michael, 2008. p. 369 |
|
|
|
| Paresi |
yes |
|
Brandão 2010:14 |
|
|
|
| Palikur |
yes |
|
Green and Green 1972:3 |
|
|
|
| Yine |
yes |
|
Matteson 1965 |
|
|
|
| Añun |
no |
|
Patte 1989 |
|
|
|
| Bora |
no |
|
Seifart - 2005:57 |
|
|
|
| Makiritare |
yes |
|
Hall 1988: 50 |
|
|
|
| Makushi |
yes |
|
Carson 1982: 113 |
|
|
|
| Eñepa |
no info |
|
Payne 2012 |
|
|
|
| Pemon |
yes |
|
de Armellada 1999: 62 |
|
|
|
| Guna |
yes |
|
Smith texts |
|
|
|
| Naso |
yes |
demonstrative can be prenominal and postnominal |
Quesada 2000 |
|
|
|
| Ika |
yes |
|
Frank 1985:44 |
|
|
|
| Kogi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cabecar |
yes |
|
Bourland 1976:53-54 |
|
|
|
| Guaymí |
no |
|
Quesada 2008:147 |
|
|
|
| Damana |
yes |
demonstratives are replaced by designatives; unsure as to the extent of this system, will continue to examine data |
|
|
|
|
| Sikuani |
yes |
|
de Kondo (Vol.2) - 1985:4; Queixalós - 2000:2-26 |
|
|
|
| Macaguan |
no info |
|
Buenaventura - 1993 |
|
|
|
| Aguaruna |
yes |
|
Overall 2007:243 |
|
|
|
| Waorani |
yes |
|
Orr et all. 1991:21 |
|
|
|
| Ingá |
yes |
|
Levinson 1974:19 |
|
|
|
| Matses |
yes |
|
Fleck:261 |
|
|
|
| Mapudungun |
yes |
|
Salas 1992, p. 97 |
|
|
|
| Páez |
yes |
|
Jung:139 |
|
|
|
| Quechua Ayacuchano |
yes |
|
Parker 1965:36 |
|
|
|
| Tikuna |
yes |
|
Montes 2004:73 |
|
|
|
| Urarina |
yes |
|
Olawsky:299 |
|
|
|
| Waunana |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Andoke |
yes |
|
Landaburu 1979: 135 |
|
|
|
| Puinave |
yes |
|
Giron 2008: p174 |
|
|
|
| Central Aymara |
yes |
|
Huayhua Pari 2001: 282 |
|
|
|
| Kakua |
yes |
|
Bolaños fieldnotes |
|
|
|
| Minica Witoto |
yes |
|
Minor and Minor 1982. p.94 |
|
|
|
| Hup |
yes |
|
Epps 2008 |
|
|
|
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect |
no |
|
Weir 1984 |
|
|
|
| Dâw |
yes |
|
Martins 2004 |
|
|
|
| Desano |
yes |
|
Miller 1999, p. 5 |
|
|
|
| Cubeo |
yes |
almost always, demonstrative pronouns preced head noun |
Morse & Maxwell 1999, p.92 |
|
|
|
| Kotiria |
yes |
|
Stenzel 2004, p. 183 |
|
|
|
| Makuna |
yes |
|
Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.35-36, 40 |
|
|
|
| Koreguaje |
yes |
|
Cook & Criswell 1993, p.41 |
|
|
|
| Barasano |
yes |
|
Jones & Jones 1991, p.32 |
|
|
|
| Tanimuca |
yes |
As modifiers they precede the head in a noun phrase but like adjectives, they follow the head noun when used as a predicate. |
Strom 1992, p.52 |
|
|
|
| Siona |
yes |
|
Wheeler - 1987:133 |
|
|
|
| Tukano |
yes |
|
West and Welch 2004: 99 |
|
|
|
| Yanomami |
yes |
demonstratives can sometimes follow noun, but this is less common |
Ramirez 1994: 210 |
|
|
|
| Ninam |
yes |
|
Goodwin-Gomez: 56-58 |
|
|
|
| Sanumá |
yes |
|
Borgman 1990: 129 |
|
|
|
| Surui |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Karitiana |
no |
However, when the "article" /aka/ occurs in the sentence, the demonstrative occurs before the noun |
Everett 2006:314 |
|
|
|
| Paraguayan Guaraní |
no |
|
Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:65 |
|
|
|
| Aché |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Nyangumarta |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Jingulu |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Wambaya |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Bunuba |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Walmajarri |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Nyulnyul |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Warrwa |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Worrorra |
yes |
|
ms7.3.3 |
|
|
1 |
| Garrwa |
yes |
|
95 |
|
|
1 |
| Gooniyandi |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Warlpiri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bardi |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yugambeh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yorta Yorta |
no info |
|
106 |
|
|
x |
| Yir Yoront |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yindjibarndi |
yes |
|
cf text 6, p203 |
|
|
1 |
| Yidiny |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yanyuwa |
yes |
|
15 |
|
|
1 |
| Yandruwandha |
yes |
|
60 |
|
|
1 |
| Yan-nhangu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yalarnnga |
yes |
|
57 |
|
|
1 |
| Woiwurrung |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Wirangu |
yes |
|
89-90 |
|
|
1 |
| Wemba-Wemba |
yes |
|
H 38 |
|
|
1 |
| Warumungu |
yes |
|
44, 45 |
|
|
1 |
| Wangkumara |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Uradhi |
Yes |
|
371 |
|
|
1 |
| Paakantyi |
yes |
|
100 |
|
|
1 |
| Pitta-Pitta |
yes |
|
214 |
|
|
1 |
| Pintupi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nyungar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nhanta |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Ngiyambaa |
yes |
|
139 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngayawang |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Muruwari |
yes |
|
cf 238, line 11; 262, line 20 |
|
|
1 |
| Mpakwithi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mayi-Yapi |
yes |
|
63 |
|
|
1 |
| Martuthunira |
yes |
|
113-114, appendix 1 |
|
|
1 |
| Marrgany |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Kuuk Thaayorre |
No |
|
77 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuku Yalanji |
yes |
|
54, 120 |
|
|
1 |
| Kugu-Nganhcara |
No |
|
389 |
|
|
0 |
| Kaurna |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Kalkatungu |
yes |
|
108 |
|
|
1 |
| Jaru |
yes |
|
93 |
|
|
1 |
| Guugu-Yimidhirr |
No |
|
103 |
|
|
0 |
| Gureng Gureng |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Gupapuyngu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gumbaynggirr |
yes |
|
274 |
|
|
1 |
| Gugu-Badhun |
yes |
|
129033 |
|
|
1 |
| Yuwaalaraay |
Yes |
|
91 |
|
|
1 |
| Dyirbal |
yes |
|
291 |
|
|
1 |
| Duungidjawu |
yes |
|
57-8 |
|
|
1 |
| Djinang |
Yes |
|
197 |
|
|
1 |
| Djabugay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Diyari |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Dharuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dharawal |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Darkinyung |
maybe |
|
25 |
|
|
1 |
| Bularnu |
yes |
|
108 |
|
|
1 |
| Biri |
yes |
|
47 |
|
|
1 |
| Bidjara-Gungabula |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Batyala |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Arabana |
yes |
|
124: cf sentence 275 |
|
|
1 |
| Alyawarr |
no? |
|
112-3 |
|
|
0 |
| Nyikina |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yawuru |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ngarinyin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yulparija |
Yes |
|
31 |
|
|
1 |
| Wathawurrung |
yes |
|
79 |
|
|
1 |
| Mathi-Mathi |
yes |
|
72 |
|
|
1 |
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie |
yes |
|
35 |
|
|
1 |
| Thanggati |
yes |
|
81 |
|
|
1 |
| Katthang |
yes |
|
104 |
|
|
1 |
| Panyjima |
yes |
|
186 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngarinyeri |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Kurrama |
yes |
|
82-87 |
|
|
1 |
| Yingkarta |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Githabul |
yes |
|
33 |
|
|
1 |
| Gunya |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Kunjen |
No |
|
101 |
|
|
0 |
| WesternTorres |
yes |
|
FO 130 |
|
|
1 |
| Wakaya |
no |
|
97 |
|
|
0 |
| Yindjilindji |
yes |
|
502 |
|
|
1 |
| Bandjalang |
yes |
|
31 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngaatjatjara |
No |
|
29 |
|
|
0 |
| Arrernte |
No |
|
76 |
|
|
0 |
| Kokatha |
No |
|
60 |
|
|
0 |
| Karajarri |
Yes |
|
293 |
|
|
1 |
| Pitjantjatjara |
Yes |
|
G 108 |
|
|
1 |
| Ritharrngu |
Yes |
|
140 |
|
|
1 |
| Warrgamay |
Yes |
|
63 |
|
|
1 |
| Warluwarra |
yes |
|
876 |
|
|
1 |
| Warnman |
Yes |
|
41 |
|
|
1 |
| Djapu |
yes |
|
84 |
|
|
1 |
| Bilinarra |
yes |
|
7.3.5 |
|
|
1 |
| Wiradjuri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Aghu-Tharnggala |
No info |
|
67 |
|
|
x |
| Narungga |
Yes |
|
90 |
|
|
1 |
| Tharrkari |
Yes |
|
13 |
|
|
1 |
| Wajarri |
No |
|
138 |
|
|
0 |
| Warungu |
yes |
|
347 |
|
|
1 |
| Adnyamathanha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Baniwa |
yes |
|
Ramirez 2001 |
|
|
|
