Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
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Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
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Achagua | no info | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992 | ||||
Aché | no info | |||||
Adnyamathanha | ||||||
Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 73 | 0 | |||
Aguaruna | no | Overall 2007:332 | Present tense conveys habituality | |||
Alyawarr | no | 0 | ||||
Andoke | no info | |||||
Apurinã | yes | Used to mark events that occur with reasonable frequency. | Facundes, 2000: 327 | |||
Arabana | yes | 191 | 1 | |||
Arrernte | Yes | 169 | 1 | |||
Asheninka Apurucayali | yes | Payne 1983:12 | ||||
Añun | no info | no discussion of mood | Patte 1989 | |||
Bandjalang | yes | Sharpe 79 | 1 | |||
Baniwa | yes | past habitual/durative -de | Ramirez 2001 | |||
Barasano | yes | Habitual aspect is indicated by -rũgu (habitual) before the tense-evidential and subject-agreement inflection markers. | Jones & Jones 1991, p.98 | |||
Bardi | yes | 1 | ||||
Bare | no | Repetitive action is marked by reduplication of the verb root. There are no textual examples for habitual meaning. | Aikhenvald, 1995: 33 | |||
Batyala | no info | x | ||||
Baure | no info | Danielsen 2007 | ||||
Bidjara-Gungabula | no info | x | ||||
Bilinarra | no | 0 | ||||
Biri | yes | 37-8 | 1 | |||
Bora | yes | Seifart - 2005:61; Thiesen - 1996:70 | ||||
Bularnu | yes | 77 | 1 | |||
Bunuba | no info | x | ||||
Cabecar | no | a verbal suffix is used to mark habituality | Margery 1985:117; Bourland 1976:59 | |||
Cahuilla | ||||||
Central Aymara | yes | Huayhua Pari 2001: 139 | ||||
Chemehuevi | ||||||
Comanche | ||||||
Cubeo | yes | there is an accustomed aspect | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 52 | |||
Cupeño | ||||||
Damana | no | |||||
Darkinyung | no | 47 | 0 | |||
Desano | yes | Miller 1999, p. 77, 86 | The suffix -gua 'do as a habit' is used in the sense of talking about whether or not that person will do an action and saying he probably will because he customarily does it. | |||
Dharawal | no info | x | ||||
Dharuk | ||||||
Diyari | yes | 90 | 1 | |||
Djabugay | ||||||
Djapu | no | 74 | 0 | |||
Djinang | No | 185 | 0 | |||
Duungidjawu | no | 70 | 0 | |||
Dyirbal | No | 119, 250 | 0 | |||
Dâw | yes | Martins 2004 | ||||
Eñepa | yes | This ia a verbal suffix | Payne 2012 | |||
Gabrielino | ||||||
Garrwa | yes | 68 | 1 | |||
Githabul | yes | 24 | 1 | |||
Gooniyandi | no info | x | ||||
Guaymí | no | A verbal periphrasis is used where the verb to be is used plus the main verb in realis indefinite form. | Quesada 2008:137 | |||
Gugu-Badhun | no info | x | ||||
Gumbaynggirr | no | 299 | 0 | |||
Guna | yes | Smith texts | ||||
Gunya | yes | 327 | 1 | |||
Gupapuyngu | ||||||
Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
Guugu-Yimidhirr | No | 80 | 0 | |||
Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | no | 70-72 | 0 | |||
Idaho Shoshone | ||||||
Ika | no | Frank 1985:60-104 | ||||
Ingá | no | The non-future time is used which is formed by just adding subject cross-reference markers on the verb | Levinson 1974:16 | |||
Jaru | no | 77 | 0 | |||
Jingulu | yes | 1 | ||||
Kaingang | yes | Goncalves 2011:118-127 | ||||
Kakua | yes | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
Kalkatungu | yes | 56 | 1 | |||
Karajarri | Yes | 215 | 1 | |||
Karitiana | no | Everett 2006:275 | ||||
Katthang | no | 77 | 0 | |||
Kaurna | No info | x | ||||
Kawaiisu | ||||||
Kinikinau | no info | |||||
Kitanemuk | ||||||
Kogi | no | There is a verbal habitual suffix | Ortiz 1994:386 | |||
Kokama | yes | habitual auxiliary | Vallejos 2010:403 | |||
Kokatha | No | 28 | 0 | |||
Koreguaje | yes | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.63 | radical verbal + SUS + VBLZ | |||
Kotiria | no | habitual meaning expressed via visual evidential, imperfective aspect + activity verb | Stenzel 2004 | |||
Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 406 | 0 | |||
Kuku Yalanji | no | 0 | ||||
Kunjen | No | 110 | 0 | |||
Kurrama | yes | 124 | 1 | |||
Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 366 | 0 | |||
Luiseño | ||||||
Macaguan | no info | Buenaventura 1993 | ||||
Maipure | no | Habituality is expressed through verbs like "be," "stay," etc. No distinct morpheme. | Zamponi 2003:44 | |||
Makiritare | yes | iterative: -hö, abilitative: -hai, negative: -'da, futurative: -'de, desiderative: -se, imperative: -kö, permissive: -ñoho | Hall 1988: 336 | |||
Makuna | yes | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.57 | ||||
Makushi | yes | Abbott 1991: 118 | ||||
Mapudungun | yes | Zúñiga 2006, p.160 | ||||
Marrgany | yes | 323 | 1 | |||
Martuthunira | yes | 146-148 | 1 | |||
Mathi-Mathi | no | 99 | 0 | |||
Matses | yes | Fleck:426 | ||||
Mayi-Yapi | No | 57 | 0 | |||
Minica Witoto | yes | Minor and Minor 1982. p.103 | ||||
Mpakwithi | ||||||
Muruwari | yes | 180 | 1 | |||
Nadëb/Roçado dialect | no info | Weir 1984 | ||||
Nanti | yes | In a section on “rare” morphemes, looks like it's either being lost or in the first stages of being borrowed. | Michael, 2008. p. 266 | |||
Narungga | No info | 74 | x | |||
Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
Ngaatjatjara | yes | 32 | 1 | |||
Ngarinyeri | No info | x | ||||
Ngarinyin | ||||||
Ngayawang | No info | x | ||||
Ngiyambaa | yes | 191-192 | 1 | |||
Nhanta | no | 104 | 0 | |||
Nheengatu | yes | particle | Cruz 2011:373 | |||
Ninam | no info | Goodwin-Gomez | ||||
Northern Emberá | yes | Mortensen 1999:80 | Catío | |||
Northern Paiute | ||||||
Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
Nyikina | no | 0 | ||||
Nyulnyul | no info | x | ||||
Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
Paakantyi | yes | 180, 195, 217 | 1 | |||
Palikur | no | Launey 2003 | ||||
Panyjima | yes | 173-174 | 1 | |||
Paraguayan Guaraní | no | Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:97 | ||||
Paresi | no | Brandão 2010:47-8 | ||||
Pemon | yes | de Armellada 1999: 134 | ||||
Piapoco | yes | "Frecuentativo," refers to customary events. | Galindo, 2002: 168-169 | |||
Pintupi | yes | 81?; 170?; 174-175; 199-200? | 1 | |||
Pitjantjatjara | Yes | G 193 | 1 | |||
Pitta-Pitta | No | 201 | 0 | |||
Puinave | yes | directly proceding verb | Giron 2008: p267 | |||
Páez | yes | Jung:68 | ||||
Quechua Ayacuchano | no info | more likely not | ||||
Resígaro | yes | Allin, 1976: 214-215 | ||||
Ritharrngu | Maybe | 75 | 1 | |||
Sanumá | yes | Borgman 1990: 173-186 | ||||
Serrano | ||||||
Shoshone | ||||||
Sikuani | yes | de Kondo (Vol.1,2) - 1985; Queixalós - 2000 | ||||
Siona | no info | Wheeler - 1970; Wheeler - 1987 | ||||
Southern Paiute | ||||||
Southern Ute | ||||||
Surui | no info | |||||
Tanimuca | yes | The habitual aspect suffix -wai does not indicate an event as occurring at a specific time but rather as charactericitc of all time. | Strom 1992, p.77 | |||
Tariana | yes | Aikhenvald, 2003: 325 | ||||
Thanggati | no | 42-50 | 0 | |||
Tharrkari | Yes | 42 | 1 | |||
Tikuna | yes | Montes 2004b:83 | ||||
Timbisha | ||||||
Tukano | yes | habitual, durative, repeated | Ramirez 1997: 157 | |||
Uradhi | Yes | 364 | 1 | |||
Urarina | no | There is a verbal suffix marking habituality | Olawsky:465 | |||
Wajarri | Yes | 96 | 1 | |||
Wakaya | no | 0 | ||||
Walmajarri | yes | 1 | ||||
Wambaya | yes | 1 | ||||
Wangkumara | no info | X | ||||
Waorani | no info | |||||
Wapishana | no | Santos 2006: 169 | ||||
Warlpiri | no info | 0 | ||||
Warluwarra | no | 921 | 0 | |||
Warnman | Yes | 48 | 1 | |||
Warrgamay | No | 52-9 | 0 | |||
Warrwa | yes | 1 | ||||
Warumungu | no | 33 | 0 | |||
Warungu | no | 499 | 0 | |||
Wathawurrung | no info | x | ||||
Waunana | yes | But this is a verba suffix instead of a modal | Sánchez and Castro 1977:57 | |||
Wayuu | yes | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 800 | ||||
Wemba-Wemba | no info | x | ||||
Western Mono | ||||||
WesternTorres | yes | K85c 93 | 1 | |||
Wiradjuri | yes | 17 | 1 | |||
Wirangu | No info | x | ||||
Woiwurrung | no info | x | ||||
Worrorra | no | ms5.5.2.ii | 0 | |||
Yagua | yes | Payne and Payne 1990:391 | ||||
Yalarnnga | yes | 40 | 1 | |||
Yan-nhangu | ||||||
Yandruwandha | yes | 159 | 1 | |||
Yanesha' | no | There is a verbal suffix which encodes habitual meaning. The form shown is the graphemic form. | Duff-Tripp 1997:116 | |||
Yanomami | yes | occurs directly before the verb root | Ramirez 1994: 160 | |||
Yanyuwa | no info | x | ||||
Yavitero | no | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 66-69 | ||||
Yawuru | ||||||
Yidiny | not done yet | X | ||||
Yindjibarndi | yes | 98 | 1 | |||
Yindjilindji | no info | x | ||||
Yine | no info | Matteson 1965:70-81 | ||||
Yingkarta | no | 0 | ||||
Yir Yoront | ||||||
Yorta Yorta | no | 83 | 0 | |||
Yugambeh | ||||||
Yukuna | yes | Shauer & Shauer 2000: 313, Shauer & Shauer, 1978: 42 | ||||
Yulparija | Yes | 40 | 1 | |||
Yuwaalaraay | No | 78 | 0 |
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