Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
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Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
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Achagua | no | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 109 | ||||
Aché | no info | |||||
Adnyamathanha | ||||||
Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 70 | 0 | |||
Aguaruna | yes | Overall 2007:347-57 | ||||
Alyawarr | no | 0 | ||||
Andoke | no info | |||||
Apurinã | no | Facundes, 2000: 513 | ||||
Arabana | no | 183 | 0 | |||
Arrernte | No | 169 | 0 | |||
Asheninka Apurucayali | no | Payne 1981:1113, Payne 1983:12 | ||||
Añun | no | Patte 1989 | ||||
Bandjalang | No | 94 | 0 | |||
Baniwa | no | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
Barasano | yes | Third person imperatives are divided into near-future and distant-future tenses. | Jones & Jones 1991, p.78-82 | Proximate and nonproximate markers are only found in first- and third-person imperatives. | ||
Bardi | no | 0 | ||||
Bare | yes | A serial verb construction is used for near future and intention while an enclitic is used for general future. | Aikhenvald, 1995: 31 | |||
Batyala | no info | x | ||||
Baure | no | "We have to bear in mind that there is no tense marking in Baure."; "Since there is no tense marking in Baure, the interpretation of a situation as past or present depends on the verb's meaning and time adverbs in the clause." | Danielsen 2007: p273, 175 | |||
Bidjara-Gungabula | no | 0 | ||||
Bilinarra | no | 0 | ||||
Biri | no | 36-7 | 0 | |||
Bora | no | Seifart - 2005:61 | ||||
Bularnu | no | 0 | ||||
Bunuba | no | 0 | ||||
Cabecar | no | Apart from the morphological future tense, there is a preiprhastic future tense (Margery 1985:123-4) | Margery 1985:116-7 | |||
Cahuilla | ||||||
Central Aymara | no | Huayhua Pari 2001: 132 | Because you can't see it, that is to say it is not experienced, the future is thought to be behind you, whereas the past is in front of you. | |||
Chemehuevi | ||||||
Comanche | ||||||
Cubeo | yes | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 38 | ||||
Cupeño | ||||||
Damana | no | |||||
Darkinyung | maybe | 42 | 1 | |||
Desano | yes | Miller 1999, p. 70 | 3-way system of marking for future tense; 'might', 'probably will', and 'future' | |||
Dharawal | no | 55 | 0 | |||
Dharuk | ||||||
Diyari | yes | 91 | 1 | |||
Djabugay | ||||||
Djapu | no | 0 | ||||
Djinang | No | 167 | 0 | |||
Duungidjawu | no | 70 | 0 | |||
Dyirbal | No | 55 | 0 | |||
Dâw | yes | there is also another marker which Martins calls futuro estrategico, but it is also a marker of finalidade. | Martins 2004 | |||
Eñepa | no | only one future | Payne 2012:216 | |||
Gabrielino | ||||||
Garrwa | no | 51-2 | 0 | |||
Githabul | No | 24 | 0 | |||
Gooniyandi | no | 0 | ||||
Guaymí | yes | Guaymi distinguishes between inmediate and remote future | Quesada 2008:100-8 | |||
Gugu-Badhun | no | 0 | ||||
Gumbaynggirr | no | 291 | 0 | |||
Guna | no | Smith texts | ||||
Gunya | yes | 327 | 1 | |||
Gupapuyngu | ||||||
Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
Guugu-Yimidhirr | No | 80 | 0 | |||
Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | yes | 72-73 | 1 | |||
Hup | no | Epps 2008 | ||||
Idaho Shoshone | ||||||
Ika | yes | There are at least two future tense markers: /-ngua/ for future simple and /-iwa/ for inmediate future | Frank 1990:61 | |||
Ingá | yes | /-/ mark inmediate future but this verbal suffix is optional | Levinson 1978:14-5, Levinson 1974:67 | |||
Jaru | no | 0 | ||||
Jingulu | no | 0 | ||||
Kaingang | no | author only describes one future | Goncalves 2011:73 | |||
Kakua | yes | not sure yet | Bolaños fieldnotes | |||
Kalkatungu | no | 0 | ||||
Karajarri | No | 165 | 0 | |||
Karitiana | no | Everett 2006:265-74 | ||||
Katthang | no | 75 | 0 | |||
Kaurna | No | 16 | 0 | |||
Kawaiisu | ||||||
Kinikinau | no info | |||||
Kitanemuk | ||||||
Kogi | no info | |||||
Kokama | yes | immediate and remote futures | Vallejos 2010:478-481 | |||
Kokatha | No | 27 | 0 | |||
Koreguaje | no | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.53-63 | ||||
Kotiria | no | Stenzel 2007:255-263 | ||||
Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 407 | 0 | |||
Kuku Yalanji | no | 93 | 0 | |||
Kunjen | No | 108 | 0 | |||
Kurrama | no | 125, 128 | 0 | |||
Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 353 | 0 | |||
Luiseño | ||||||
Macaguan | no | Buenaventura - 1993 | ||||
Maipure | no | Zamponi 2003:39 | ||||
Makiritare | no | Hall 1988: 329 | ||||
Makuna | no | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.54 | ||||
Makushi | no | Abbott 1991: 116 | ||||
Mapudungun | no info | |||||
Marrgany | No | 317 | 0 | |||
Martuthunira | no | 136-164 | 0 | |||
Mathi-Mathi | no | 97 | 0 | |||
Matses | yes | Fleck:435-43 | ||||
Mayi-Yapi | No | 59 | 0 | |||
Minica Witoto | yes | 3 classes; immediate, imminent, and distant future. | Minor and Minor 1982. p.24 | |||
Mpakwithi | ||||||
Muruwari | no | 0 | ||||
Nadëb/Roçado dialect | no | Weir 1984 | ||||
Nanti | no | Michael, 2008. p. 249 | ||||
Narungga | No info | 74 | x | |||
Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
Ngaatjatjara | No | 32 | 0 | |||
Ngarinyeri | No | 42 | 0 | |||
Ngarinyin | ||||||
Ngayawang | No | 15 | 0 | |||
Ngiyambaa | no | 158 | 0 | |||
Nhanta | no | 0 | ||||
Nheengatu | no | according to author, no TAM markers in Nheengatu (footnote pg. 36) | Cruz 2011:36 | |||
Ninam | n/a | |||||
Northern Emberá | no | Mortensen 1999:75 | Catío | |||
Northern Paiute | ||||||
Nyangumarta | yes | 1 | ||||
Nyikina | no | 0 | ||||
Nyulnyul | no | 0 | ||||
Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
Paakantyi | no | 175, 198 | 0 | |||
Palikur | no | no tense | Launey 2003 | |||
Panyjima | no | 169-176 | 0 | |||
Paraguayan Guaraní | yes | Ayala 1996:317-9 | ||||
Paresi | no | Brandão 2010:38-40 | ||||
Pemon | no | de Armellada 1999: 130 to 133 | Pemon has various suffixes that show that that an accion is imminent or intended, but my source says that this is not quite a verb form for indicating future | |||
Piapoco | no | Galindo, 2002: 161-172 | ||||
Pintupi | no | 0 | ||||
Pitjantjatjara | No | Y 8 | 0 | |||
Pitta-Pitta | No | 202 | 0 | |||
Puinave | no | Giron 2008: p179 | ||||
Páez | no | Jung:93-4 | ||||
Quechua Ayacuchano | yes | Marked by the combination of the non-present suffix plus other aspect suffixes | Parker 1965:28, 50-2 | |||
Resígaro | no | Only one future marker | Allin, 1976: 342 | |||
Ritharrngu | No | 65 | 0 | |||
Sanumá | no | Borgman 1990 | no evidence for this | |||
Serrano | ||||||
Shoshone | ||||||
Sikuani | no | de Kondo (Vol.1) - 1985:17; Queixalós - 2000:218 | ||||
Siona | no | Wheeler - 1987:138-174 | ||||
Southern Paiute | ||||||
Southern Ute | ||||||
Surui | no info | |||||
Tanimuca | no | Unlike the past tenses, there are no distinctions that depend on the proximity of the projected event to the moment of speaking. | Strom 1992, p.75 | Future tense is indicated by the suffix -rãyu. | ||
Tariana | no | There are multiple future markers, but their use is conditioned by the person performing the action and the "definiteness" of the event. | Aikhenvald, 2003: 320 | |||
Thanggati | no | 44-5 | 0 | |||
Tharrkari | No | 39 | 0 | |||
Tikuna | no info | |||||
Timbisha | ||||||
Tukano | no | future tense markers have various aspectual and other distinctions, but not distance in time | West and Welch 2004: 111-115; Ramirez 1997: 166-168 | |||
Uradhi | No | 363 | 0 | |||
Urarina | no | Olawsky:459-492 | ||||
Wajarri | No | 96 | 0 | |||
Wakaya | no | 0 | ||||
Walmajarri | no | 0 | ||||
Wambaya | no | 0 | ||||
Wangkumara | yes? | r13-14 | 1 | |||
Waorani | no | Peeke 1973:39 | There is only one future tense marker | |||
Wapishana | no | Santos 2006 | ||||
Warlpiri | no | n40 | 0 | |||
Warluwarra | no | 0 | ||||
Warnman | No | 45 | 0 | |||
Warrgamay | No | 56 | 0 | |||
Warrwa | no | 0 | ||||
Warumungu | No | 33 | 0 | |||
Warungu | no | 259-276 | 0 | |||
Wathawurrung | no | 79 | 0 | |||
Waunana | no | Sánchez and Castro 1977:57 | ||||
Wayuu | yes | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 801 | ||||
Wemba-Wemba | no | H 42 | 0 | |||
Western Mono | ||||||
WesternTorres | no | K85c 93 | 0 | |||
Wiradjuri | yes? | m289 | 1 | |||
Wirangu | yes | 113, 119 | 1 | |||
Woiwurrung | no | 74 | 0 | |||
Worrorra | no | 60 | 0 | |||
Yagua | no | no dedicated future; irrealis instead | Payne and Payne 1990 | |||
Yalarnnga | no info | x | ||||
Yan-nhangu | ||||||
Yandruwandha | yes | 130-2 | 1 | |||
Yanesha' | yes | But this is done only by the use of auxiliaries and/or clitics but not a dedicated affix | Duff-Tripp 1997:117 | |||
Yanomami | no | Ramirez 1994 | no evidence of this | |||
Yanyuwa | no info | x | ||||
Yavitero | no | No regular future tense | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 63-64 | |||
Yawuru | ||||||
Yidiny | no | 0 | ||||
Yindjibarndi | no | 97-104 | 0 | |||
Yindjilindji | no | 510 | 0 | |||
Yine | no | Matteson 1965:72-73 | ||||
Yingkarta | no | 0 | ||||
Yir Yoront | ||||||
Yorta Yorta | no | 84 | 0 | |||
Yugambeh | ||||||
Yukuna | no | Shauer & Shauer, 1978: 42-43 | ||||
Yulparija | No | 35 | 0 | |||
Yuwaalaraay | Yes | 74 | 1 |
Language |
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