| Cahuilla |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Serrano |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Timbisha |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Shoshone |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Comanche |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Idaho Shoshone |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Achagua |
yes |
|
Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 109 |
|
|
|
| Resígaro |
yes |
|
Allin, 1976: 342 |
|
|
|
| Bare |
no |
|
Aikhenvald, 1995: 31 |
|
|
|
| Piapoco |
no |
The "prospective" indicates that action is about to begin, but other aspect and mood markers describe action in the future. |
Galindo, 2002: 169 |
|
|
|
| Yukuna |
yes |
When the verb is preceded by some modifiers, -hi-ka is used, rather than -he |
Schuaer & Shauer, 2000: p. 522, Shauer & Shauer, 1978: 42-43 |
|
|
|
| Yavitero |
no |
No regular past/non-future tense. |
Mosonyi, 1987: p. 63-64 |
|
|
|
| Wapishana |
no |
|
Santos 2006:167 |
|
|
|
| Wayuu |
yes |
|
Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 801 |
|
|
|
| Tariana |
yes |
|
Aikhenvald, 2003: 287, 320 |
|
|
|
| Apurinã |
yes |
|
Facundes, 2000: 513 |
|
|
|
| Asheninka Apurucayali |
no |
|
Payne 1983:12 |
|
|
|
| Maipure |
yes |
|
Zamponi 2003:39 |
|
|
|
| Yanesha' |
no |
|
Duff-Tripp 1997:117 |
|
|
|
| Kinikinau |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Baure |
no |
|
Danielsen 2007: p272-275 |
|
|
|
| Nanti |
no |
|
Michael, 2008. p. 249 |
|
|
|
| Paresi |
no |
|
Brandão 2010:38-40 |
|
|
|
| Palikur |
no |
no tense |
Launey 2003 |
|
|
|
| Yine |
no |
|
Matteson 1965:72-73 |
|
|
|
| Añun |
no |
|
Patte 1989 |
|
|
|
| Bora |
yes |
|
Seifart - 2005:61 |
|
|
|
| Makiritare |
yes |
Non past: -a; Future: immediative: -ta, probabilitive: -tai; non past: -a; future immediative: -ta; future probabilitive: -tai |
Hall 1988: 330 |
|
|
|
| Makushi |
no |
|
Abbott 1991: 113 |
|
|
|
| Eñepa |
yes |
|
Payne 2012:216 |
|
|
|
| Pemon |
no |
|
de Armellada 1999: 130 to 133 |
|
|
|
| Guna |
no |
|
Smith texts |
|
|
|
| Naso |
no |
|
Quesada 2000 |
|
|
|
| Ika |
yes |
|
Frank 1990:61 |
|
|
|
| Kogi |
yes |
|
Ortiz 1994:381 |
|
|
|
| Cabecar |
yes |
|
Margery 1985:116-7 |
|
|
|
| Guaymí |
yes |
|
Alphonse 1956:28 |
|
|
|
| Damana |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Sikuani |
yes |
|
Queixalós 1998:287 |
|
|
|
| Macaguan |
yes |
suffix, indicates future |
Buenaventura - 1993:42 |
|
|
|
| Aguaruna |
yes |
|
Overall 2007:347-57 |
|
|
|
| Northern Emberá |
yes |
|
Mortensen 1999:75 |
|
Catío |
|
| Waorani |
yes |
|
Peeke 1973:39 |
|
|
|
| Ingá |
yes |
|
Levinson 1978:14-5, Levinson 1974:48 |
|
|
|
| Matses |
yes |
|
Fleck:397-43 |
|
|
|
| Mapudungun |
yes |
It appears before the mood marker and after negation |
Salas 1992, p.142, Zúñiga 2006, p.129-30 |
|
There is also a future tense which expresses a conditioned action in the future. |
|
| Páez |
no |
|
Jung:93-4 |
|
|
|
| Quechua Ayacuchano |
yes |
But only the future for 3 person regular |
Parker 1965:50-1 |
|
|
|
| Tikuna |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Urarina |
no |
|
Olawsky:459-492 |
|
|
|
| Waunana |
yes |
future time |
Loewen 1954:66 |
|
|
|
| Andoke |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Puinave |
yes |
-ya: after verb; si- placed before verb when the "speaker assumes that the event will occur with certain imminence even without external control of fortuitous conditions." |
Giron 2008: p279 |
|
|
|
| Central Aymara |
yes |
|
Huayhua Pari 2001: 132 |
|
|
|
| Kakua |
yes |
attached to the verb construction |
Bolaños fieldnotes |
|
|
|
| Kaingang |
yes |
|
Goncalves 2011:73 |
|
|
|
| Minica Witoto |
yes |
|
Minor and Minor 1982. p.24 |
|
|
|
| Hup |
yes |
|
Epps 2008 |
|
|
|
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect |
yes |
post verbal particle, not required |
Weir 1984:58 |
|
|
|
| Dâw |
yes |
|
Martins 2004 |
|
|
|
| Desano |
yes |
|
Miller 1999, p. 71 |
|
|
|
| Cubeo |
yes |
|
Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 48 |
|
|
|
| Kotiria |
no |
|
Stenzel 2007:255-263 |
|
|
|
| Makuna |
no |
|
Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.55 |
|
|
|
| Koreguaje |
no |
|
Cook & Criswell 1993, p.53-63 |
|
|
|
| Barasano |
yes |
|
Jones & Jones 1991, p.73-92 |
|
|
|
| Tanimuca |
yes |
Future tense is indicated by the suffix -rãyu. |
Strom 1992, p.75 |
|
The future tense has a nominalized form that is used for future descriptions or conditions; the form is composed of -rã (future) plus a number/gender suffix. |
|
| Siona |
no |
prospective aspect instead |
Wheeler 1987:149 |
|
|
|
| Tukano |
no |
future is expressed with blend of three suffixes marking person/number and non-present non-visual modal |
Ramirez 1997: 166-168 |
|
|
|
| Yanomami |
yes |
|
Ramirez 1994: 240 |
|
|
|
| Ninam |
n/a |
|
|
|
|
|
| Sanumá |
no |
|
Borgman 1990 |
|
no evidence for this |
|
| Surui |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Karitiana |
yes |
Karitiana distinguishes between future and non-future tense |
Everett 2006:265 |
|
|
|
| Nheengatu |
no |
according to author, no TAM markers in Nheengatu (footnote pg. 36) |
Cruz 2011:36 |
|
|
|
| Paraguayan Guaraní |
yes |
|
Ayala 1996:317-9 |
|
|
|
| Aché |
yes |
|
Rossler 2008:89 |
|
|
|
| Kokama |
yes |
|
Vallejos 2010:478-481 |
|
|
|
| Nyangumarta |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Jingulu |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Wambaya |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Bunuba |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Walmajarri |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Nyulnyul |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Warrwa |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Worrorra |
yes |
|
60-1 |
|
|
1 |
| Garrwa |
yes |
|
51-2 |
|
|
1 |
| Gooniyandi |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Warlpiri |
yes |
|
n40 |
|
|
1 |
| Bardi |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yugambeh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yorta Yorta |
yes |
|
83 |
|
|
1 |
| Yir Yoront |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yindjibarndi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yidiny |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yanyuwa |
yes |
|
29 |
|
|
1 |
| Yandruwandha |
yes |
|
130 |
|
|
1 |
| Yan-nhangu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yalarnnga |
yes |
|
40 |
|
|
1 |
| Woiwurrung |
yes |
|
74 |
|
|
1 |
| Wirangu |
yes |
|
113, 119 |
|
|
1 |
| Wemba-Wemba |
yes |
|
H 42 |
|
|
1 |
| Warumungu |
yes |
|
33 |
|
|
1 |
| Wangkumara |
yes |
|
34 |
|
|
1 |
| Uradhi |
Yes |
|
363 |
|
|
1 |
| Paakantyi |
yes |
|
175, 198, 200, 204, 211- 212 |
|
|
1 |
| Pitta-Pitta |
yes |
|
202 |
|
|
1 |
| Pintupi |
yes |
|
168-169 |
|
|
1 |
| Nyungar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nhanta |
yes |
|
91 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngiyambaa |
yes |
|
158 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngayawang |
yes |
|
15 |
|
|
1 |
| Muruwari |
yes |
|
155 |
|
|
1 |
| Mpakwithi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mayi-Yapi |
yes |
|
59 |
|
|
1 |
| Martuthunira |
yes |
|
139 |
|
|
1 |
| Marrgany |
No |
|
317 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuuk Thaayorre |
Yes |
|
354 |
|
|
1 |
| Kuku Yalanji |
yes |
|
93 |
|
|
1 |
| Kugu-Nganhcara |
yes |
|
407 |
|
|
1 |
| Kaurna |
yes |
|
16 |
|
|
1 |
| Kalkatungu |
yes |
|
45b |
|
|
1 |
| Jaru |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Guugu-Yimidhirr |
yes |
|
80 |
|
|
1 |
| Gureng Gureng |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Gupapuyngu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gumbaynggirr |
yes |
|
291 |
|
|
1 |
| Gugu-Badhun |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yuwaalaraay |
Yes |
|
70 |
|
|
1 |
| Dyirbal |
yes |
|
55 |
|
|
1 |
| Duungidjawu |
yes |
|
70 |
|
|
1 |
| Djinang |
Yes |
|
167 |
|
|
1 |
| Djabugay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Diyari |
yes |
|
88 |
|
|
1 |
| Dharuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dharawal |
yes |
|
55 |
|
|
1 |
| Darkinyung |
yes |
|
41 |
|
|
1 |
| Bularnu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Biri |
yes |
|
36-7 |
|
|
1 |
| Bidjara-Gungabula |
yes |
|
90; 92 |
|
|
1 |
| Batyala |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Arabana |
yes |
|
183 |
|
|
1 |
| Alyawarr |
yes |
|
49-55 |
|
|
1 |
| Nyikina |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yawuru |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ngarinyin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yulparija |
Yes |
|
35 |
|
|
1 |
| Wathawurrung |
yes |
|
77 |
|
|
1 |
| Mathi-Mathi |
yes |
|
97 |
|
|
1 |
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie |
yes |
|
69 |
|
|
1 |
| Thanggati |
yes |
|
44-5 |
|
|
1 |
| Katthang |
yes |
|
75 |
|
|
1 |
| Panyjima |
yes |
|
169 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngarinyeri |
No |
|
42 |
|
|
0 |
| Kurrama |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yingkarta |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Githabul |
yes |
|
24 |
|
|
1 |
| Gunya |
yes |
|
326 |
|
|
1 |
| Kunjen |
yes |
|
109 |
|
|
1 |
| WesternTorres |
yes |
|
K85c 93 |
|
|
1 |
| Wakaya |
yes |
|
212 |
|
|
1 |
| Yindjilindji |
yes |
|
510 |
|
|
1 |
| Bandjalang |
yes |
|
95 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngaatjatjara |
yes |
|
32 |
|
|
1 |
| Arrernte |
Yes |
|
169 |
|
|
1 |
| Kokatha |
Yes |
|
29 |
|
|
1 |
| Karajarri |
Yes |
|
165 |
|
|
1 |
| Pitjantjatjara |
Yes |
|
Y 8 |
|
|
1 |
| Ritharrngu |
Yes |
|
65 |
|
|
1 |
| Warrgamay |
No |
|
56 |
|
|
0 |
| Warluwarra |
yes |
|
913 |
|
|
1 |
| Warnman |
Yes |
|
45 |
|
|
1 |
| Djapu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bilinarra |
yes |
|
5.1.1.1 |
|
|
1 |
| Wiradjuri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Aghu-Tharnggala |
Yes |
|
70 |
|
|
1 |
| Narungga |
No info |
|
74 |
|
|
x |
| Tharrkari |
Yes |
|
39 |
|
|
1 |
| Wajarri |
Yes |
|
96 |
|
|
1 |
| Warungu |
yes |
|
276-7 |
|
|
1 |
| Adnyamathanha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yagua |
no |
|
Payne and Payne 1990 |
|
|
|
| Baniwa |
yes |
future |
Ramirez 2001 |
|
|
|
