Tense-aspect affixes: prefix
- Category
- Verbal Categories - Aspect and tense
- Notes
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Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | no | Wilson & Levinsohn, 1992: 107-109 | ||||
| Aché | no | Rossler 2008:89 | ||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 70 | 0 | |||
| Aguaruna | no | Overall 2007:331-57 | ||||
| Alyawarr | no | 0 | ||||
| Andoke | no info | |||||
| Apurinã | no | Facundes, 2000: 513 | ||||
| Arabana | no | 130 | 0 | |||
| Arrernte | No | 169 | 0 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | no | Payne 1983:12 | ||||
| Añun | no | Patte 1989 | ||||
| Bandjalang | No | 95 | 0 | |||
| Baniwa | no | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
| Barasano | no | Jones & Jones 1991, p.82,92 | ||||
| Bardi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Bare | no | Aikhenvald, 1995: 30 | ||||
| Batyala | No | 3 | 0 | |||
| Baure | no | Danielsen 2007: p253-267 | ||||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | no | 0 | ||||
| Bilinarra | no | 6.1.1 | 0 | |||
| Biri | no | 34 | 0 | |||
| Bora | no | Seifart - 2005: 61-62 | ||||
| Bularnu | no | 0 | ||||
| Bunuba | yes | 1 | ||||
| Cabecar | no | Margery 1985:106-17 | ||||
| Cahuilla | no | |||||
| Central Aymara | no | Deza Galinda 1992: 89 | ||||
| Chemehuevi | no | |||||
| Comanche | no | |||||
| Cubeo | no | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p.17 | All verbal affixes in Cubeo are suffixes, except the directional xa- 'away from the speaker' and da- 'toward the speaker' | |||
| Cupeño | no | |||||
| Damana | no | |||||
| Darkinyung | no | 40 | 0 | |||
| Desano | no | Miller 1999, p. 63 | ||||
| Dharawal | no | 46 | 0 | |||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | no | 0 | ||||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | no | 66 | 0 | |||
| Djinang | No | 167 | 0 | |||
| Duungidjawu | no | 70 | 0 | |||
| Dyirbal | No | 55 | 0 | |||
| Dâw | no | Martins 2004 | ||||
| Eñepa | no | Payne 2012:192,204-205,212-220 | ||||
| Gabrielino | no | |||||
| Garrwa | no | 51 | 0 | |||
| Githabul | No | 24 | 0 | |||
| Gooniyandi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Guaymí | no | Quesada 2008:100-8 | ||||
| Gugu-Badhun | no | 147-9 | 0 | |||
| Gumbaynggirr | no | 291 | 0 | |||
| Guna | no | Smith texts | ||||
| Gunya | No | 314 | 0 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | No | 80 | 0 | |||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | no | 69 | 0 | |||
| Hup | no | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | no | |||||
| Ika | no | Frank 1990:56-58 | ||||
| Ingá | no | Levinson 1978:14-5, Levinson 1974:48 | ||||
| Jaru | no | 77 | 0 | |||
| Jingulu | no | 0 | ||||
| Kaingang | no | Goncalves 2011 | ||||
| Kakua | no | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | no | 45b | 0 | |||
| Karajarri | No | 165 | 0 | |||
| Karitiana | no | Everett 2006:265-79 | ||||
| Katthang | no | 75 | 0 | |||
| Kaurna | No | 16 | 0 | |||
| Kawaiisu | no | |||||
| Kinikinau | no info | |||||
| Kitanemuk | no | |||||
| Kogi | no info | |||||
| Kokama | no | Vallejos 2010:473 | ||||
| Kokatha | No | 29 | 0 | |||
| Koreguaje | no | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.53-63 | ||||
| Kotiria | no | Stenzel 2004 | ||||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 405 | 0 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | no | 93 | 0 | |||
| Kunjen | No | 108 | 0 | |||
| Kurrama | no | 105 | 0 | |||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 353 | 0 | |||
| Luiseño | no | |||||
| Macaguan | no | Buenaventura - 1993 | ||||
| Maipure | no | Zamponi 2003:39-40 | ||||
| Makiritare | no | Hall 1988: 330 | ||||
| Makuna | no | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.48-55 | ||||
| Makushi | no | Abbott 1991: 113 | ||||
| Mapudungun | no | Salas 1992, p.142, Zúñiga 2006, p.129-30 | ||||
| Marrgany | No | 314 | 0 | |||
| Martuthunira | no | 136-164 | 0 | |||
| Mathi-Mathi | no | 97 | 0 | |||
| Matses | no | Fleck:397-43 | ||||
| Mayi-Yapi | No | 55 | 0 | |||
| Minica Witoto | no | Minor and Minor 1982. p.24-25 | ||||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | no | 155 | 0 | |||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | yes | aspectual prefixes; values not made clear | Weir 1984 | |||
| Nanti | no | Michael, 2008. p. 249 | ||||
| Narungga | No | 73 | 0 | |||
| Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | No | 32 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | No | 42 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | No | 15 | 0 | |||
| Ngiyambaa | no | 183 | 0 | |||
| Nhanta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nheengatu | no | according to author, no TAM markers in Nheengatu (footnote pg. 36) | Cruz 2011:36 | |||
| Ninam | no | Goodwin-Gomez, p.93-98 | ||||
| Northern Emberá | no | Mortensen 1999:71-82 | Catío | |||
| Northern Paiute | no | |||||
| Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyikina | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyungar | n/a | d42 | 0 | |||
| Paakantyi | no | 198 | 0 | |||
| Palikur | no | Green and Green 1972:79 | ||||
| Panyjima | no | 169 | 0 | |||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | no | Ayala 1996:317-9 | ||||
| Paresi | no | Only for aspect | Brandão 2010:40-7 | |||
| Pemon | no | de Armellada 1999: 110 to 136 | ||||
| Piapoco | no | Galindo, 2002: 161 | ||||
| Pintupi | no | 0 | ||||
| Pitjantjatjara | No | Y 8 | 0 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | No | 201 | 0 | |||
| Puinave | no | Giron 2008: p217 | ||||
| Páez | no | Jung:62 | ||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | no | Parker 1965:49-52 | ||||
| Resígaro | no | Allin, 1976:136, 342 | ||||
| Ritharrngu | No | 65 | 0 | |||
| Sanumá | no | separate word | Borgman 1990: 169 | |||
| Serrano | no | |||||
| Shoshone | no | |||||
| Sikuani | no | de Kondo (Vol.1) - 1985:17; Queixalós - 2000 | ||||
| Siona | no | Wheeler - 1987:170 | ||||
| Southern Paiute | no | |||||
| Southern Ute | no | |||||
| Surui | no info | |||||
| Tanimuca | no | Strom 1992, p.38 | ||||
| Tariana | no | Aikhenvald, 2003: 289, 320 | ||||
| Thanggati | no | 42-3 | 0 | |||
| Tharrkari | No | 39 | 0 | |||
| Tikuna | no info | more likely not | ||||
| Timbisha | no | |||||
| Tukano | no | West and Welch 2004: 10-11; Ramirez 1997: 151 | ||||
| Uradhi | No | 363 | 0 | |||
| Urarina | no | Olawsky:459-492 | ||||
| Wajarri | No | 96 | 0 | |||
| Wakaya | no | 97 | 0 | |||
| Walmajarri | no | 0 | ||||
| Wambaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Wangkumara | no | r12-15 | 0 | |||
| Waorani | no | Peeke 1973:39 | ||||
| Wapishana | no | Santos, 2006: 116 | ||||
| Warlpiri | no | n40 | 0 | |||
| Warluwarra | no | 910 | 0 | |||
| Warnman | No | 45 | 0 | |||
| Warrgamay | No | 52 | 0 | |||
| Warrwa | yes | 1 | ||||
| Warumungu | No | 33 | 0 | |||
| Warungu | no | 260-1 | 0 | |||
| Wathawurrung | no | 77 | 0 | |||
| Waunana | no | Loewen 1954:53, Sánchez and Castro 1977:80-2 | ||||
| Wayuu | no | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 801 | ||||
| Wemba-Wemba | yes | H 41-3 | 1 | |||
| Western Mono | no | |||||
| WesternTorres | no | K85c 93 | 0 | |||
| Wiradjuri | no | 0 | ||||
| Wirangu | No | 111 | 0 | |||
| Woiwurrung | no | 73-74 | 0 | |||
| Worrorra | yes? | 60 | 1 | |||
| Yagua | no | Payne and Payne 1990 | ||||
| Yalarnnga | no | 1, 36 | 0 | |||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | no | 126 | 0 | |||
| Yanesha' | no | Duff-Tripp 1997:87-90 | ||||
| Yanomami | no | Ramirez 1994: 240 | ||||
| Yanyuwa | yes | 4 | 1 | |||
| Yavitero | no | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 65 | ||||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | no | 0 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | no | 1, 97-104 | 0 | |||
| Yindjilindji | no | 0 | ||||
| Yine | no | Matteson 1965:72-73 | ||||
| Yingkarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | no | 83 | 0 | |||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | no | Schuaer & Shauer, 2000: p. 522, Shauer & Shauer, 1978: 42-43 | ||||
| Yulparija | No | 35 | 0 | |||
| Yuwaalaraay | No | 61 | 0 |
| Language |
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