Tense-aspect affixes: suffix
- Category
- Verbal Categories - Aspect and tense
- Notes
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Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | yes | Wilson & Levinsohn, 1992: 107-109 | ||||
| Aché | yes | Rossler 2008:89 | ||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | Yes | 70 | 1 | |||
| Aguaruna | yes | Overall 2007:331-57 | ||||
| Alyawarr | yes | 1 | ||||
| Andoke | yes | aspect marked as verbal suffix, but tense is marked as pronominal suffix on subj | Landaburu 1979: p.123-124, 208-209 | |||
| Apurinã | yes | Facundes, 2000: 513 | ||||
| Arabana | yes | 130 | 1 | |||
| Arrernte | Yes | 169 | 1 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | yes | Payne 1983:12 | ||||
| Añun | yes | Patte 1989:51-52, 127 | ||||
| Bandjalang | yes | 94 | 1 | |||
| Baniwa | yes | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
| Barasano | yes | Jones & Jones 1991, p.82-92 | Affixation in Barasano consists of suffixes only. | |||
| Bardi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Bare | yes | Aikhenvald, 1995: 30 | ||||
| Batyala | Yes | 3 | 1 | |||
| Baure | yes | Danielsen 2007: Table 6.2 | ||||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | yes | 91-???? | 1 | |||
| Bilinarra | yes | 6.1.1 | 1 | |||
| Biri | yes | 34 | 1 | |||
| Bora | yes | Seifart - 2005: 61-62 | ||||
| Bularnu | yes | 71 | 1 | |||
| Bunuba | yes | 1 | ||||
| Cabecar | yes | Margery 1985:106-17 | ||||
| Cahuilla | yes | |||||
| Central Aymara | yes | Deza Galinda 1992: 89 | ||||
| Chemehuevi | yes | |||||
| Comanche | yes | |||||
| Cubeo | yes | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p.17 | ||||
| Cupeño | yes | |||||
| Damana | yes | |||||
| Darkinyung | yes | 40 | 1 | |||
| Desano | yes | Miller 1999, p. 63 | ||||
| Dharawal | yes | 46, 55 | 1 | |||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | yes | 1 | ||||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | yes | 66 | 1 | |||
| Djinang | Yes | 167 | 1 | |||
| Duungidjawu | yes | 70 | 1 | |||
| Dyirbal | yes | 55 | 1 | |||
| Dâw | yes | actually most are grammatical or grammaticalized morphemes (only Telic aspect is suffixed) but aspects always occur after the verb. | Martins 2004 | |||
| Eñepa | yes | Payne 2012:192,204-205,212-220 | ||||
| Gabrielino | yes | |||||
| Garrwa | yes | 51 | 1 | |||
| Githabul | yes | 24 | 1 | |||
| Gooniyandi | no | 0 | ||||
| Guaymí | yes | Quesada 2008:100-8 | ||||
| Gugu-Badhun | yes | 147-9 | 1 | |||
| Gumbaynggirr | yes | 291 | 1 | |||
| Guna | yes | aspect suffixes | Smith texts | |||
| Gunya | yes | 314 | 1 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | yes | 80 | 1 | |||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | yes | 69 | 1 | |||
| Hup | yes | various suffixes | Epps 2008 | |||
| Idaho Shoshone | yes | |||||
| Ika | yes | Frank 1990:56-58 | ||||
| Ingá | yes | Levinson 1978:14-5, Levinson 1974:48 | ||||
| Jaru | yes | 77 | 1 | |||
| Jingulu | no | 0 | ||||
| Kaingang | yes | Goncalves 2011 | ||||
| Kakua | yes | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | yes | 45b | 1 | |||
| Karajarri | Yes | 165 | 1 | |||
| Karitiana | yes | Everett 2006:265-79 | ||||
| Katthang | yes | 75 | 1 | |||
| Kaurna | yes | 16 | 1 | |||
| Kawaiisu | yes | |||||
| Kinikinau | yes | Souza 2008:100 | ||||
| Kitanemuk | yes | |||||
| Kogi | yes | Stendal 1976:6-7 | ||||
| Kokama | no | Vallejos 2010:473 | ||||
| Kokatha | Yes | 29 | 1 | |||
| Koreguaje | yes | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.53-63 | ||||
| Kotiria | yes | Stenzel 2004 | ||||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | yes | 405 | 1 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | yes | 92 | 1 | |||
| Kunjen | yes | 108 | 1 | |||
| Kurrama | yes | 105 | 1 | |||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | Yes | 353 | 1 | |||
| Luiseño | yes | |||||
| Macaguan | yes | Buenaventura - 1993 | ||||
| Maipure | yes | Zamponi 2003:39-40 | ||||
| Makiritare | yes | Non past: -a; Future: immediative: -ta, probabilitive: -tai; non past: -a; future immediative: -ta; future probabilitive: -tai | Hall 1988: 330 | |||
| Makuna | yes | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.48-55 | ||||
| Makushi | yes | Abbott 1991: 113 | ||||
| Mapudungun | yes | Salas 1992, p.142, Zúñiga 2006, p.129-30 | ||||
| Marrgany | yes | 314 | 1 | |||
| Martuthunira | yes | 136-164 | 1 | |||
| Mathi-Mathi | yes | 97 | 1 | |||
| Matses | yes | Fleck:397-43 | ||||
| Mayi-Yapi | yes | 55 | 1 | |||
| Minica Witoto | yes | Minor and Minor 1982. p.24-25 | ||||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | yes | 155 | 1 | |||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | no | Weir 1984 | ||||
| Nanti | yes | Michael, 2008. p. 249 | ||||
| Narungga | Yes | 73 | 1 | |||
| Naso | yes | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | yes | 32 | 1 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | yes | 42 | 1 | |||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | yes | 15 | 1 | |||
| Ngiyambaa | yes | 183 | 1 | |||
| Nhanta | yes | 89-91 | 1 | |||
| Nheengatu | no | according to author, no TAM markers in Nheengatu (footnote pg. 36) | Cruz 2011:36 | |||
| Ninam | yes | Goodwin-Gomez, p.93-98 | ||||
| Northern Emberá | yes | Mortensen 1999:71-82 | Catío | |||
| Northern Paiute | yes | |||||
| Nyangumarta | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyikina | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyungar | n/a | d42 | 0 | |||
| Paakantyi | yes | 198 | 1 | |||
| Palikur | yes | Green and Green 1972:79 | ||||
| Panyjima | yes | 169-170 | 1 | |||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | yes | Ayala 1996:317-9 | ||||
| Paresi | yes | Only for aspect | Brandão 2010:40-7 | |||
| Pemon | yes | de Armellada 1999; 110 to 136 | ||||
| Piapoco | yes | Galindo, 2002: 161 | ||||
| Pintupi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Pitjantjatjara | Yes | Y 8 | 1 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | yes | 201 | 1 | |||
| Puinave | yes | Giron 2008: p217 | ||||
| Páez | yes | Jung:62 | ||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | yes | Parker 1965:49-52 | ||||
| Resígaro | yes | Progressive aspect is a suffix, tense markers are second-position clitics. | Allin, 1976:136, 342 | |||
| Ritharrngu | Yes | 65 | 1 | |||
| Sanumá | no | separate word | Borgman 1990: 169 | |||
| Serrano | yes | |||||
| Shoshone | yes | |||||
| Sikuani | yes | de Kondo (Vol.1) - 1985:17; Queixalós - 2000 | ||||
| Siona | yes | Wheeler - 1987:170 | ||||
| Southern Paiute | yes | |||||
| Southern Ute | yes | |||||
| Surui | no info | |||||
| Tanimuca | yes | Strom 1992, p.70 | ||||
| Tariana | yes | Aikhenvald, 2003: 289, 320 | ||||
| Thanggati | yes | 42-3 | 1 | |||
| Tharrkari | Yes | 39 | 1 | |||
| Tikuna | no info | more likely yes | ||||
| Timbisha | yes | |||||
| Tukano | yes | West and Welch 2004: 10-11; Ramirez 1997: 151 | ||||
| Uradhi | Yes | 363 | 1 | |||
| Urarina | yes | Olawsky:459-492 | ||||
| Wajarri | Yes | 96 | 1 | |||
| Wakaya | yes | 97 | 1 | |||
| Walmajarri | yes | 1 | ||||
| Wambaya | yes | 1 | ||||
| Wangkumara | yes | r12-15 | 1 | |||
| Waorani | yes | Peeke 1973:39 | ||||
| Wapishana | yes | Relatively few (including past, present, imperative, future). | Santos, 2006: 116 | |||
| Warlpiri | yes | n40 | 1 | |||
| Warluwarra | yes | 910 | 1 | |||
| Warnman | Yes | 45 | 1 | |||
| Warrgamay | Yes | 52 | 1 | |||
| Warrwa | yes | 1 | ||||
| Warumungu | yes | 33 | 1 | |||
| Warungu | yes | 260-1 | 1 | |||
| Wathawurrung | yes | 77 | 1 | |||
| Waunana | yes | Loewen 1954:53 | ||||
| Wayuu | yes | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 801 | ||||
| Wemba-Wemba | no | H 41-3 | 0 | |||
| Western Mono | yes | |||||
| WesternTorres | yes | K85c 93 | 1 | |||
| Wiradjuri | yes | 15 | 1 | |||
| Wirangu | yes | 111 | 1 | |||
| Woiwurrung | yes | 74 | 1 | |||
| Worrorra | yes | 31 | 1 | |||
| Yagua | yes | Payne and Payne 1990:383 | ||||
| Yalarnnga | yes | 36 | 1 | |||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | yes | 126 | 1 | |||
| Yanesha' | yes | Duff-Tripp 1997:87-90 | ||||
| Yanomami | yes | Ramirez 1994: 240, 254-258, 262-263, 273 | ||||
| Yanyuwa | yes | 4 | 1 | |||
| Yavitero | yes | Some aspectual information is also conveyed using auxiliary verbs. | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 65 | |||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | yes | 1 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | yes | 1, 97-104 | 1 | |||
| Yindjilindji | yes | 510 | 1 | |||
| Yine | yes | Matteson 1965:72-73 | ||||
| Yingkarta | yes | 1 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | yes | 83 | 1 | |||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | yes | Schuaer & Shauer, 2000: p. 522, Shauer & Shauer, 1978: 42-43 | ||||
| Yulparija | Yes | 35 | 1 | |||
| Yuwaalaraay | Yes | 61 | 1 |
| Language |
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