| Cahuilla |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Serrano |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Timbisha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Shoshone |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Comanche |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Idaho Shoshone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Achagua |
no |
|
Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 104 |
|
|
|
| Resígaro |
no |
No indication of such an affix in the discussion of verb stems or verb words. |
Allin, 1976: 105, 124 |
|
|
|
| Bare |
no |
|
Aikhenvald, 1995: 33 |
|
|
|
| Piapoco |
no |
|
Galindo, 2002: 156-178 |
|
|
|
| Yukuna |
yes |
There is a "subjunctive mood," with "possibility" listed as one of the functions. From the examples, it seems to be situational possibility/ability. |
Shauer & Shauer, 2000: p. 523 |
|
|
|
| Yavitero |
no |
|
Mosonyi, 1987: p. 66 |
|
|
|
| Wapishana |
no info |
|
Santos 2006 |
|
|
|
| Wayuu |
no |
|
Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 800 |
|
|
|
| Tariana |
no |
|
Aikhenvald, 2003: 380-399 |
|
|
|
| Apurinã |
no |
Not listed among verbal morphology or "bound formatives" (clitics). |
Facundes, 2000: 305-327, 379-410 |
|
|
|
| Asheninka Apurucayali |
no |
|
Payne 1981:268 |
|
|
|
| Maipure |
no info |
|
Zamponi 2003:44 |
|
|
|
| Yanesha' |
no info |
|
Duff-Tripp |
|
|
|
| Kinikinau |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Baure |
no info |
|
Danielsen 2007 |
|
|
|
| Nanti |
no |
|
Michael, 2008. p. 247-289 |
|
|
|
| Paresi |
no info |
|
Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 |
|
|
|
| Palikur |
no |
|
Launey 2003 |
|
|
|
| Yine |
no |
|
Matteson 1965:70-81 |
|
|
|
| Añun |
no info |
no discussion of mood |
Patte 1989 |
|
|
|
| Bora |
no info |
|
Seifart - 2005 |
|
|
|
| Makiritare |
yes |
iterative: -hö, abilitative: -hai, negative: -'da, futurative: -'de, desiderative: -se, imperative: -kö, permissive: -ñoho |
Hall 1988: 336 |
|
|
|
| Makushi |
no |
|
Abbott: 1991: 122 |
|
|
|
| Eñepa |
yes |
circumfix |
Payne 2012:103 |
|
|
|
| Pemon |
no |
|
de Armellada 1999: 129 |
|
|
|
| Guna |
no |
|
Smith texts |
|
|
|
| Naso |
yes |
|
Quesada 2000 |
|
|
|
| Ika |
yes |
This is a verbal suufix |
Frank 1990:59-60 |
|
|
|
| Kogi |
yes |
The suffix appears as -cuca which probably may be represented phonologically as /-kuka/- |
Stendal 1976:15 |
|
|
|
| Cabecar |
yes |
|
Margery 1985:132 |
|
|
|
| Guaymí |
no |
|
Quesada 2008:136 |
|
|
|
| Damana |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Sikuani |
yes |
|
de Kondo (Vol.1) - 1985:18; Queixalós - 2000:348-349 |
|
|
|
| Macaguan |
no info |
|
Buenaventura 1993 |
|
|
|
| Aguaruna |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Northern Emberá |
no |
|
Mortensen 1999:59-88 |
|
Catío |
|
| Waorani |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Ingá |
yes |
|
Levinson 1976b:56 |
|
|
|
| Matses |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Mapudungun |
no |
|
Zúñiga 2006, p.102-94 |
|
|
|
| Páez |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Quechua Ayacuchano |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Tikuna |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Urarina |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Waunana |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Andoke |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Puinave |
yes |
see #118 |
Giron 2008: p286 |
|
|
|
| Central Aymara |
yes |
|
Huayhua Pari 2001: 139 |
|
|
|
| Kakua |
yes |
|
Bolaños fieldnotes |
|
|
|
| Kaingang |
no info |
|
Silva 2011/Goncalves 2011 |
|
|
|
| Minica Witoto |
yes |
The suffix -re is insertted before the end of the verb, which may also be marked for person. |
Minor and Minor 1982. p.53 |
|
|
|
| Hup |
no |
|
Epps 2008 |
|
|
|
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect |
no info |
Martins 2005 gives glosses as theme but these are various different morphemes/particles/suffixes and the author does not specify the meaning. |
Weir 1984 |
|
|
|
| Dâw |
no |
|
Martins 2004 |
|
|
|
| Desano |
yes |
|
Miller 1999, p. 81 |
|
The variation in form is due to vowel harmony. |
|
| Cubeo |
no |
|
Morse & Maxwell 1999, p.19 |
|
|
|
| Kotiria |
no |
|
Stenzel 2004 |
|
|
|
| Makuna |
yes |
|
Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.64 |
|
|
|
| Koreguaje |
no |
|
Cook & Criswell 1993, p.64 |
|
|
|
| Barasano |
no |
|
Jones & Jones 1991, p.92-100 |
|
|
|
| Tanimuca |
no |
|
Strom 1992, p.81 |
|
|
|
| Siona |
yes |
|
Wheeler - 1987:149 |
|
|
|
| Tukano |
no |
|
Ramirez 1997 |
|
no evidence for this as distinct from epistemic |
|
| Yanomami |
yes |
|
Ramirez 1994: 325 |
|
|
|
| Ninam |
no |
|
Goodwin-Gomez, p.98 |
|
|
|
| Sanumá |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Surui |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Karitiana |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Nheengatu |
no |
|
Cruz 2011:358 |
|
|
|
| Paraguayan Guaraní |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Aché |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kokama |
no |
|
Vallejos 2010:492 |
|
|
|
| Nyangumarta |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Jingulu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Wambaya |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bunuba |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Walmajarri |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Nyulnyul |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Warrwa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Worrorra |
no |
|
ms5.5.2.v |
|
|
0 |
| Garrwa |
yes? |
|
68 |
|
|
1 |
| Gooniyandi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Warlpiri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bardi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yugambeh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yorta Yorta |
yes |
|
87 |
|
|
1 |
| Yir Yoront |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yindjibarndi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yidiny |
not done yet |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Yanyuwa |
yes |
|
4 |
|
|
1 |
| Yandruwandha |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yan-nhangu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yalarnnga |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Woiwurrung |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Wirangu |
yes |
|
121, 125 |
|
|
1 |
| Wemba-Wemba |
no |
|
H 46 |
|
|
0 |
| Warumungu |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Wangkumara |
yes |
|
35 |
|
|
1 |
| Uradhi |
No info |
|
364, 381-2 |
|
|
x |
| Paakantyi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Pitta-Pitta |
No info |
|
225 |
|
|
x |
| Pintupi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nyungar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nhanta |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Ngiyambaa |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Ngayawang |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Muruwari |
yes |
|
171 |
|
|
1 |
| Mpakwithi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mayi-Yapi |
yes |
|
59 |
|
|
1 |
| Martuthunira |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Marrgany |
yes |
|
317 |
|
|
1 |
| Kuuk Thaayorre |
Yes |
|
390 |
|
|
1 |
| Kuku Yalanji |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Kugu-Nganhcara |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Kaurna |
yes |
|
19 |
|
|
1 |
| Kalkatungu |
yes |
|
60-1 |
|
|
1 |
| Jaru |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Guugu-Yimidhirr |
yes |
|
145 |
|
|
1 |
| Gureng Gureng |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Gupapuyngu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gumbaynggirr |
yes |
|
304 |
|
|
1 |
| Gugu-Badhun |
no |
|
155 |
|
|
0 |
| Yuwaalaraay |
Yes |
|
46 |
|
|
1 |
| Dyirbal |
No |
|
118 |
|
|
0 |
| Duungidjawu |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Djinang |
Yes |
|
193 |
|
|
1 |
| Djabugay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Diyari |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Dharuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dharawal |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Darkinyung |
yes |
|
44-5 |
|
|
1 |
| Bularnu |
yes |
|
75 |
|
|
1 |
| Biri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bidjara-Gungabula |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Batyala |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Arabana |
no |
|
238 |
|
|
0 |
| Alyawarr |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Nyikina |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yawuru |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ngarinyin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yulparija |
Yes |
|
39 |
|
|
1 |
| Wathawurrung |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Mathi-Mathi |
maybe |
|
98 |
|
|
1 |
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie |
no |
|
76-8 |
|
|
0 |
| Thanggati |
no |
|
74 |
|
|
0 |
| Katthang |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Panyjima |
no |
|
171 |
|
|
0 |
| Ngarinyeri |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Kurrama |
no |
|
142 |
|
|
0 |
| Yingkarta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Githabul |
yes |
|
24 |
|
|
1 |
| Gunya |
yes |
|
327 |
|
|
1 |
| Kunjen |
yes |
|
110 |
|
|
1 |
| WesternTorres |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Wakaya |
yes |
|
208 |
|
|
1 |
| Yindjilindji |
yes |
|
511 |
|
|
1 |
| Bandjalang |
yes |
|
Sharpe 78 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngaatjatjara |
yes |
|
124 |
|
|
1 |
| Arrernte |
No |
|
173 |
|
|
0 |
| Kokatha |
Yes |
|
38 |
|
|
1 |
| Karajarri |
No |
|
184 |
|
|
0 |
| Pitjantjatjara |
Yes |
|
G 192 |
|
|
1 |
| Ritharrngu |
Yes |
|
104 |
|
|
1 |
| Warrgamay |
Yes |
|
54 |
|
|
1 |
| Warluwarra |
yes |
|
924 |
|
|
1 |
| Warnman |
No |
|
54 |
|
|
0 |
| Djapu |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bilinarra |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Wiradjuri |
yes |
|
27 |
|
|
1 |
| Aghu-Tharnggala |
No |
|
72 |
|
|
0 |
| Narungga |
No info |
|
74 |
|
|
x |
| Tharrkari |
No info |
|
31 |
|
|
x |
| Wajarri |
Yes |
|
99 |
|
|
1 |
| Warungu |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Adnyamathanha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yagua |
no info |
|
Payne and Payne 1990 |
|
|
|
| Baniwa |
no |
|
Ramirez 2001 |
|
|
|
