Epistemic possibility: verbal construction
- Category
- Verbal Categories - Mood
- Notes
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Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | no | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 102 | ||||
| Aché | no info | |||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 72 | 0 | |||
| Aguaruna | no | Overall 2007:371 | ||||
| Alyawarr | no info | X | ||||
| Andoke | no info | |||||
| Apurinã | no info | Facundes, 2000 | ||||
| Arabana | no | 0 | ||||
| Arrernte | No | 174 | 0 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | no | Payne 1981; Payne 1983 | ||||
| Añun | no info | no discussion of mood | Patte 1989 | |||
| Bandjalang | No | Sharpe 78 | 0 | |||
| Baniwa | no | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
| Barasano | no | Jones & Jones 1991, p.97-98 | ||||
| Bardi | no | 0 | ||||
| Bare | no info | Aikhenvald, 1995 | ||||
| Batyala | no info | x | ||||
| Baure | no info | Danielsen 2007 | ||||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | no info | x | ||||
| Bilinarra | no info | x | ||||
| Biri | no info | x | ||||
| Bora | no info | Seifart - 2005 | ||||
| Bularnu | no info | x | ||||
| Bunuba | no info | x | ||||
| Cabecar | no info | |||||
| Cahuilla | ||||||
| Central Aymara | no | Huayhua Pari 2001: 138 | ||||
| Chemehuevi | ||||||
| Comanche | ||||||
| Cubeo | yes | desiderative | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p.27 | |||
| Cupeño | ||||||
| Damana | yes | |||||
| Darkinyung | no info | x | ||||
| Desano | no | Miller 1999, p. 81 | ||||
| Dharawal | yes | 55-56 | 1 | |||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | no | 0 | ||||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | no info | x | ||||
| Djinang | No | 193 | 0 | |||
| Duungidjawu | no | 103, 111-112 | 0 | |||
| Dyirbal | No | 123 | 0 | |||
| Dâw | no | Martins 2004 | ||||
| Eñepa | no | Payne 2012 | ||||
| Gabrielino | ||||||
| Garrwa | no info | X | ||||
| Githabul | No | 24 | 0 | |||
| Gooniyandi | no | 0 | ||||
| Guaymí | no info | |||||
| Gugu-Badhun | no | 155 | 0 | |||
| Gumbaynggirr | no | 335 | 0 | |||
| Guna | no | Smith texts | ||||
| Gunya | No | 327 | 0 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | No | 93 | 0 | |||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | no | 77 | 0 | |||
| Hup | no | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | ||||||
| Ika | no info | |||||
| Ingá | no info | |||||
| Jaru | yes | 204 | 1 | |||
| Jingulu | no | 0 | ||||
| Kaingang | yes | particle | Goncalves 2011:156 | |||
| Kakua | no | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | no info | x | ||||
| Karajarri | Yes | 186 | 1 | |||
| Karitiana | no info | |||||
| Katthang | no info | x | ||||
| Kaurna | No | 19 | 0 | |||
| Kawaiisu | ||||||
| Kinikinau | no info | |||||
| Kitanemuk | ||||||
| Kogi | no info | |||||
| Kokama | yes | marked by enclitic/particle | Vallejos 2010:500 | |||
| Kokatha | No | 38 | 0 | |||
| Koreguaje | no | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.55-65 | ||||
| Kotiria | yes | verb 'know' in compound can mean possibility, suggestion, or ability to do V. | Stenzel 2004 | |||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 435 | 0 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | no | 0 | ||||
| Kunjen | No | 105 | 0 | |||
| Kurrama | no info | x | ||||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 390 | 0 | |||
| Luiseño | ||||||
| Macaguan | no info | Buenaventura 1993 | ||||
| Maipure | no | Zamponi 2003:41 | ||||
| Makiritare | no | Hall 1988: 336 | ||||
| Makuna | no | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.64 | ||||
| Makushi | no info | Abbott 1991: 117-122 | ||||
| Mapudungun | no info | |||||
| Marrgany | No | 317 | 0 | |||
| Martuthunira | no info | x | ||||
| Mathi-Mathi | no info | x | ||||
| Matses | no info | |||||
| Mayi-Yapi | No | 59 | 0 | |||
| Minica Witoto | no | Minor and Minor 1982. p.53 | ||||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | no info | x | ||||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | no info | Weir 1984 | ||||
| Nanti | no info | Michael, 2008 | ||||
| Narungga | No info | 74 | x | |||
| Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | No | 119 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | No info | x | ||||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | No info | x | ||||
| Ngiyambaa | no | 0 | ||||
| Nhanta | no info | x | ||||
| Nheengatu | yes | particle | Cruz 2011:349 | |||
| Ninam | no | Goodwin-Gomez, p.98 | ||||
| Northern Emberá | no info | |||||
| Northern Paiute | ||||||
| Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyikina | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
| Paakantyi | no info | X | ||||
| Palikur | yes | Launey 2003:211 | ||||
| Panyjima | no info | x | ||||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | no | Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:101 | ||||
| Paresi | yes | Rowan and Burgess 1979:44-5 | ||||
| Pemon | yes | de Armellada 1999: 201, 202 | ||||
| Piapoco | yes | Galindo, 2002: 301 | ||||
| Pintupi | no info | x | ||||
| Pitjantjatjara | No | G 287 | 0 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | No | 220 | 0 | |||
| Puinave | no | Giron 2008: p287 | ||||
| Páez | no info | |||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | no | Parker 1965:95 | ||||
| Resígaro | no | No indication of such a construction in the discussion of verb group, verb piece, or verb phrase. | Allin, 1976: 204, 212, 219 | |||
| Ritharrngu | No | 111 | 0 | |||
| Sanumá | no | Borgman 1990: 172, 195-197 | ||||
| Serrano | ||||||
| Shoshone | ||||||
| Sikuani | no | de Kondo (Vol.1) - 1985:18; Queixalós - 2000:348-349 | ||||
| Siona | yes | Requires two sets of suffixes: one very similar to the subjunctive form, and one negation. | Wheeler - 1987:173-174 | |||
| Southern Paiute | ||||||
| Southern Ute | ||||||
| Surui | no | |||||
| Tanimuca | no | Strom 1992, p.82 | ||||
| Tariana | yes | The verb is repeated to experss epistemic possibility. | Aikhenvald, 2003: 449 | |||
| Thanggati | yes | 67 | 1 | |||
| Tharrkari | No | 43 | 0 | |||
| Tikuna | no info | |||||
| Timbisha | yes | |||||
| Tukano | no | above all expresses uncertainty | West and Welch 2004: 25: Ramirez 1997: 159 | |||
| Uradhi | No info | 364, 381-6 | x | |||
| Urarina | no | Olawsky:459-92 | ||||
| Wajarri | No | 99 | 0 | |||
| Wakaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Walmajarri | no | 0 | ||||
| Wambaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Wangkumara | no info | X | ||||
| Waorani | no info | |||||
| Wapishana | no | Santos 2006 | ||||
| Warlpiri | no info | 0 | ||||
| Warluwarra | no info | x | ||||
| Warnman | no info | x | ||||
| Warrgamay | No | 82 | 0 | |||
| Warrwa | no info | x | ||||
| Warumungu | No | 34 | 0 | |||
| Warungu | no info | X | ||||
| Wathawurrung | no info | x | ||||
| Waunana | no info | |||||
| Wayuu | no info | |||||
| Wemba-Wemba | no | H 46 | 0 | |||
| Western Mono | ||||||
| WesternTorres | no info | x | ||||
| Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
| Wirangu | No | 121, 125 | 0 | |||
| Woiwurrung | no info | x | ||||
| Worrorra | no | 0 | ||||
| Yagua | no info | Payne and Payne 1990 | ||||
| Yalarnnga | no info | x | ||||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | no info | x | ||||
| Yanesha' | no info | Duff-Tripp | ||||
| Yanomami | no | Ramirez 1994 | ||||
| Yanyuwa | no info | x | ||||
| Yavitero | no | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 68 | ||||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | not done yet | X | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | no info | x | ||||
| Yindjilindji | no info | x | ||||
| Yine | no info | Matteson 1965:70-81 | ||||
| Yingkarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | no | 87 | 0 | |||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | no info | Shauer & Shauer, 1978; Shauer & Shauer, 2000 | ||||
| Yulparija | no info | x | ||||
| Yuwaalaraay | No | 46 | 0 |
| Language |
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