Marking of expected/unexpected action or result
- Category
- Verbal Categories - Mood
- Notes
- There is inflectional marking of expected/unexpected
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Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | no info | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992 | ||||
| Aché | no info | |||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 70 | 0 | |||
| Aguaruna | yes | Overall 2007:375 | ||||
| Alyawarr | no info | X | ||||
| Andoke | no info | |||||
| Apurinã | yes | This is called "frustrative," has the meaning that the result of the action what not expected or desired. | Facundes, 2000: 404 | |||
| Arabana | yes? | 247-8 | 0 | |||
| Arrernte | No | 271 | 0 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | no | Payne 1981; Payne 1983 | ||||
| Añun | no info | no discussion of mood | Patte 1989 | |||
| Bandjalang | No | 94 | 0 | |||
| Baniwa | yes | counter-expective -tʃaa | Ramirez 2001:262 | |||
| Barasano | yes | The aspect of fulfillment expressed by -koã includes both completive aspect as well as the idea of fulfillment of an expectation. Contraexpectation is expressed by -boa. | Jones & Jones 1991, p.92-94,104 | The fulfillment may be the expectation or the opposite of the expectation, depending on the context. The opposite is determined pragmatically and not marked. (or by contraexp.) | ||
| Bardi | no | 0 | ||||
| Bare | no | Aikhenvald, 1995: 33 | ||||
| Batyala | no info | x | ||||
| Baure | no info | Danielsen 2007 | ||||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | no info | x | ||||
| Bilinarra | no info | x | ||||
| Biri | no info | x | ||||
| Bora | no | Seifart - 2005 | ||||
| Bularnu | no | 0 | ||||
| Bunuba | no info | x | ||||
| Cabecar | no info | |||||
| Cahuilla | ||||||
| Central Aymara | no | Huayhua Pari 2001: 135 to 140 | ||||
| Chemehuevi | ||||||
| Comanche | ||||||
| Cubeo | yes | The probable evidential indicates that the speaker considers the action probable, based on his feelings. | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p.34 | desiderative expresses the desire of the subject to do the action (p.27) | ||
| Cupeño | ||||||
| Damana | no | |||||
| Darkinyung | no | 47 | 0 | |||
| Desano | no | Miller 1999, p. 81 | ||||
| Dharawal | no info | x | ||||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | no info | x | ||||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | no info | x | ||||
| Djinang | No | 167 | 0 | |||
| Duungidjawu | no | 83 | 0 | |||
| Dyirbal | No | 246-9 | 0 | |||
| Dâw | no | Martins 2004 | ||||
| Eñepa | no | Payne 2012 | ||||
| Gabrielino | ||||||
| Garrwa | no info | X | ||||
| Githabul | No | 22 | 0 | |||
| Gooniyandi | no info | x | ||||
| Guaymí | no info | |||||
| Gugu-Badhun | no info | x | ||||
| Gumbaynggirr | no | 300 | 0 | |||
| Guna | no | Smith texts | ||||
| Gunya | yes | 326 | 1 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | No | 80 | 0 | |||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | no | 0 | ||||
| Hup | no | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | ||||||
| Ika | no | Frank 1985:60-104 | ||||
| Ingá | no info | |||||
| Jaru | no info | x | ||||
| Jingulu | no info | x | ||||
| Kaingang | no info | Silva 2011/Goncalves 2011 | ||||
| Kakua | no | not sure yet | Bolaños fieldnotes | |||
| Kalkatungu | no info | x | ||||
| Karajarri | No | 216 | 0 | |||
| Karitiana | no | Everett 2006:223-95 | ||||
| Katthang | no | 75 | 0 | |||
| Kaurna | No info | x | ||||
| Kawaiisu | ||||||
| Kinikinau | no info | |||||
| Kitanemuk | ||||||
| Kogi | no info | |||||
| Kokama | no | Vallejos 2010 | ||||
| Kokatha | No | 38 | 0 | |||
| Koreguaje | no | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.55-65, 82 | look at 'intención' on p. 59 | |||
| Kotiria | no | Stenzel 2004 | ||||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 406 | 0 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | no | 0 | ||||
| Kunjen | No | 113 | 0 | |||
| Kurrama | no info | x | ||||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 582 | 0 | |||
| Luiseño | ||||||
| Macaguan | no info | Buenaventura 1993 | ||||
| Maipure | no | Zamponi 2003 | ||||
| Makiritare | no | Hall 1988: 336 | ||||
| Makuna | no | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.64 | ||||
| Makushi | no info | Abbott 1991: 117-122 | ||||
| Mapudungun | no | Zúñiga 2006, p.102-94 | ||||
| Marrgany | yes | 323 | 1 | |||
| Martuthunira | yes | 151-152 | 1 | |||
| Mathi-Mathi | no | 97 | 0 | |||
| Matses | yes | Fleck:447 | ||||
| Mayi-Yapi | No | 55-60 | 0 | |||
| Minica Witoto | no | add note | Minor and Minor 1982. p.88 | |||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | no info | x | ||||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | no | Weir 1984 | ||||
| Nanti | no | Michael, 2008. p. 247-289 | ||||
| Narungga | No info | 74 | x | |||
| Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | No | 122 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | No info | x | ||||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | No info | x | ||||
| Ngiyambaa | no | 0 | ||||
| Nhanta | no info | x | ||||
| Nheengatu | no info | Cruz 2011:358 | ||||
| Ninam | no info | Goodwin-Gomez | ||||
| Northern Emberá | no | Mortensen 1999:59-88 | Catío | |||
| Northern Paiute | ||||||
| Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyikina | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
| Paakantyi | no info | X | ||||
| Palikur | no | Launey 2003 | ||||
| Panyjima | no info | x | ||||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | no | Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:97-101 | ||||
| Paresi | yes | Rowan and Burgess 1979:52-3 | ||||
| Pemon | no | de Armellada 1999: 121 to 136 | ||||
| Piapoco | no | Galindo, 2002: 156-178, 299-321 | ||||
| Pintupi | yes | 214 | 1 | |||
| Pitjantjatjara | No | G 236 | 0 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | No | 201 | 0 | |||
| Puinave | yes | speculative marker on verb | Giron 2008: p286 | |||
| Páez | no info | |||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | no info | There is a verbal suffix which among its different meanings expresses that an action is caried out in a different way than it is usually done | Soto 1976: 106 | |||
| Resígaro | no | No indication of such an affix in the discussion of verb stems or verb words. | Allin, 1976: 105, 124 | |||
| Ritharrngu | No | 71 | 0 | |||
| Sanumá | no info | |||||
| Serrano | ||||||
| Shoshone | ||||||
| Sikuani | no | de Kondo (Vol.1,2) - 1985; Queixalós - 2000 | ||||
| Siona | no info | Wheeler - 1970; Wheeler - 1987 | ||||
| Southern Paiute | ||||||
| Southern Ute | ||||||
| Surui | no info | |||||
| Tanimuca | no | Strom 1992, p.82-83 | ||||
| Tariana | yes | Referred to as "counter-expectation," but described as a marker that describes action contrary to either the speaker's or hearer's expectations. | Aikhenvald, 2003: 396 | |||
| Thanggati | no | 42-3 | 0 | |||
| Tharrkari | No | 31 | 0 | |||
| Tikuna | no info | |||||
| Timbisha | ||||||
| Tukano | yes | unexpected action | Ramirez 1997: 155 | |||
| Uradhi | No | 363 | 0 | |||
| Urarina | yes | counterexpextation is marked by a verbal suffix | Olawsky:474 | |||
| Wajarri | No | 96 | 0 | |||
| Wakaya | no info | x | ||||
| Walmajarri | no info | x | ||||
| Wambaya | no info | x | ||||
| Wangkumara | no info | X | ||||
| Waorani | no info | |||||
| Wapishana | no | Santos 2006: 169 | ||||
| Warlpiri | no info | 0 | ||||
| Warluwarra | no info | x | ||||
| Warnman | no info | x | ||||
| Warrgamay | No | 52-9 | 0 | |||
| Warrwa | no info | x | ||||
| Warumungu | yes | 34 | 1 | |||
| Warungu | no info | X | ||||
| Wathawurrung | no info | x | ||||
| Waunana | no info | |||||
| Wayuu | no | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 800 | ||||
| Wemba-Wemba | no info | x | ||||
| Western Mono | ||||||
| WesternTorres | yes? | K85a 108 | 1 | |||
| Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
| Wirangu | No | 111 | 0 | |||
| Woiwurrung | no info | x | ||||
| Worrorra | no | ms8.2.2 | 0 | |||
| Yagua | no info | Payne and Payne 1990 | ||||
| Yalarnnga | no info | x | ||||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | no info | x | ||||
| Yanesha' | no | There is a particle which conveys "surprise" meaning but it is not marking (un)expected information | Duff-Tripp 1997:69-124 | |||
| Yanomami | yes | Ramirez 1994: 319 | ||||
| Yanyuwa | no info | x | ||||
| Yavitero | no | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 66-69 | ||||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | yes | 1 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | no | 0 | ||||
| Yindjilindji | no info | x | ||||
| Yine | no | Matteson 1965:70-81 | ||||
| Yingkarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | no | 83 | 0 | |||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | no | Shauer & Shauer, 1978: p. 42 | ||||
| Yulparija | No | 36-43 | 0 | |||
| Yuwaalaraay | No info | 59 | x |
| Language |
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