| Cahuilla |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Serrano |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Timbisha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Shoshone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Comanche |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Idaho Shoshone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Achagua |
no info |
|
Wilson & Levinsohn 1992 |
|
|
|
| Resígaro |
no |
No indication of such an affix in the discussion of verb stems or verb words. |
Allin, 1976: 105, 124 |
|
|
|
| Bare |
no |
|
Aikhenvald, 1995: 33 |
|
|
|
| Piapoco |
no |
|
Galindo, 2002: 156-178, 299-321 |
|
|
|
| Yukuna |
no |
|
Shauer & Shauer, 1978: p. 42 |
|
|
|
| Yavitero |
no |
|
Mosonyi, 1987: p. 66-69 |
|
|
|
| Wapishana |
no |
|
Santos 2006: 169 |
|
|
|
| Wayuu |
no |
|
Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 800 |
|
|
|
| Tariana |
yes |
Referred to as "counter-expectation," but described as a marker that describes action contrary to either the speaker's or hearer's expectations. |
Aikhenvald, 2003: 396 |
|
|
|
| Apurinã |
yes |
This is called "frustrative," has the meaning that the result of the action what not expected or desired. |
Facundes, 2000: 404 |
|
|
|
| Asheninka Apurucayali |
no |
|
Payne 1981; Payne 1983 |
|
|
|
| Maipure |
no |
|
Zamponi 2003 |
|
|
|
| Yanesha' |
no |
There is a particle which conveys "surprise" meaning but it is not marking (un)expected information |
Duff-Tripp 1997:69-124 |
|
|
|
| Kinikinau |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Baure |
no info |
|
Danielsen 2007 |
|
|
|
| Nanti |
no |
|
Michael, 2008. p. 247-289 |
|
|
|
| Paresi |
yes |
|
Rowan and Burgess 1979:52-3 |
|
|
|
| Palikur |
no |
|
Launey 2003 |
|
|
|
| Yine |
no |
|
Matteson 1965:70-81 |
|
|
|
| Añun |
no info |
no discussion of mood |
Patte 1989 |
|
|
|
| Bora |
no |
|
Seifart - 2005 |
|
|
|
| Makiritare |
no |
|
Hall 1988: 336 |
|
|
|
| Makushi |
no info |
|
Abbott 1991: 117-122 |
|
|
|
| Eñepa |
no |
|
Payne 2012 |
|
|
|
| Pemon |
no |
|
de Armellada 1999: 121 to 136 |
|
|
|
| Guna |
no |
|
Smith texts |
|
|
|
| Naso |
no |
|
Quesada 2000 |
|
|
|
| Ika |
no |
|
Frank 1985:60-104 |
|
|
|
| Kogi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cabecar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Guaymí |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Damana |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Sikuani |
no |
|
de Kondo (Vol.1,2) - 1985; Queixalós - 2000 |
|
|
|
| Macaguan |
no info |
|
Buenaventura 1993 |
|
|
|
| Aguaruna |
yes |
|
Overall 2007:375 |
|
|
|
| Northern Emberá |
no |
|
Mortensen 1999:59-88 |
|
Catío |
|
| Waorani |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Ingá |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Matses |
yes |
|
Fleck:447 |
|
|
|
| Mapudungun |
no |
|
Zúñiga 2006, p.102-94 |
|
|
|
| Páez |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Quechua Ayacuchano |
no info |
There is a verbal suffix which among its different meanings expresses that an action is caried out in a different way than it is usually done |
Soto 1976: 106 |
|
|
|
| Tikuna |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Urarina |
yes |
counterexpextation is marked by a verbal suffix |
Olawsky:474 |
|
|
|
| Waunana |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Andoke |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Puinave |
yes |
speculative marker on verb |
Giron 2008: p286 |
|
|
|
| Central Aymara |
no |
|
Huayhua Pari 2001: 135 to 140 |
|
|
|
| Kakua |
no |
not sure yet |
Bolaños fieldnotes |
|
|
|
| Kaingang |
no info |
|
Silva 2011/Goncalves 2011 |
|
|
|
| Minica Witoto |
no |
add note |
Minor and Minor 1982. p.88 |
|
|
|
| Hup |
no |
|
Epps 2008 |
|
|
|
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect |
no |
|
Weir 1984 |
|
|
|
| Dâw |
no |
|
Martins 2004 |
|
|
|
| Desano |
no |
|
Miller 1999, p. 81 |
|
|
|
| Cubeo |
yes |
The probable evidential indicates that the speaker considers the action probable, based on his feelings. |
Morse & Maxwell 1999, p.34 |
|
desiderative expresses the desire of the subject to do the action (p.27) |
|
| Kotiria |
no |
|
Stenzel 2004 |
|
|
|
| Makuna |
no |
|
Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.64 |
|
|
|
| Koreguaje |
no |
|
Cook & Criswell 1993, p.55-65, 82 |
|
look at 'intención' on p. 59 |
|
| Barasano |
yes |
The aspect of fulfillment expressed by -koã includes both completive aspect as well as the idea of fulfillment of an expectation. Contraexpectation is expressed by -boa. |
Jones & Jones 1991, p.92-94,104 |
|
The fulfillment may be the expectation or the opposite of the expectation, depending on the context. The opposite is determined pragmatically and not marked. (or by contraexp.) |
|
| Tanimuca |
no |
|
Strom 1992, p.82-83 |
|
|
|
| Siona |
no info |
|
Wheeler - 1970; Wheeler - 1987 |
|
|
|
| Tukano |
yes |
unexpected action |
Ramirez 1997: 155 |
|
|
|
| Yanomami |
yes |
|
Ramirez 1994: 319 |
|
|
|
| Ninam |
no info |
|
Goodwin-Gomez |
|
|
|
| Sanumá |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Surui |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Karitiana |
no |
|
Everett 2006:223-95 |
|
|
|
| Nheengatu |
no info |
|
Cruz 2011:358 |
|
|
|
| Paraguayan Guaraní |
no |
|
Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:97-101 |
|
|
|
| Aché |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kokama |
no |
|
Vallejos 2010 |
|
|
|
| Nyangumarta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Jingulu |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Wambaya |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bunuba |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Walmajarri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nyulnyul |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Warrwa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Worrorra |
no |
|
ms8.2.2 |
|
|
0 |
| Garrwa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Gooniyandi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Warlpiri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bardi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yugambeh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yorta Yorta |
no |
|
83 |
|
|
0 |
| Yir Yoront |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yindjibarndi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yidiny |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yanyuwa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yandruwandha |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yan-nhangu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yalarnnga |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Woiwurrung |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Wirangu |
No |
|
111 |
|
|
0 |
| Wemba-Wemba |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Warumungu |
yes |
|
34 |
|
|
1 |
| Wangkumara |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Uradhi |
No |
|
363 |
|
|
0 |
| Paakantyi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Pitta-Pitta |
No |
|
201 |
|
|
0 |
| Pintupi |
yes |
|
214 |
|
|
1 |
| Nyungar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nhanta |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Ngiyambaa |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Ngayawang |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Muruwari |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Mpakwithi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mayi-Yapi |
No |
|
55-60 |
|
|
0 |
| Martuthunira |
yes |
|
151-152 |
|
|
1 |
| Marrgany |
yes |
|
323 |
|
|
1 |
| Kuuk Thaayorre |
No |
|
582 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuku Yalanji |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Kugu-Nganhcara |
No |
|
406 |
|
|
0 |
| Kaurna |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Kalkatungu |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Jaru |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Guugu-Yimidhirr |
No |
|
80 |
|
|
0 |
| Gureng Gureng |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Gupapuyngu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gumbaynggirr |
no |
|
300 |
|
|
0 |
| Gugu-Badhun |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yuwaalaraay |
No info |
|
59 |
|
|
x |
| Dyirbal |
No |
|
246-9 |
|
|
0 |
| Duungidjawu |
no |
|
83 |
|
|
0 |
| Djinang |
No |
|
167 |
|
|
0 |
| Djabugay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Diyari |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Dharuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dharawal |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Darkinyung |
no |
|
47 |
|
|
0 |
| Bularnu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Biri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bidjara-Gungabula |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Batyala |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Arabana |
yes? |
|
247-8 |
|
|
0 |
| Alyawarr |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Nyikina |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yawuru |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ngarinyin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yulparija |
No |
|
36-43 |
|
|
0 |
| Wathawurrung |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Mathi-Mathi |
no |
|
97 |
|
|
0 |
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Thanggati |
no |
|
42-3 |
|
|
0 |
| Katthang |
no |
|
75 |
|
|
0 |
| Panyjima |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Ngarinyeri |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Kurrama |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yingkarta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Githabul |
No |
|
22 |
|
|
0 |
| Gunya |
yes |
|
326 |
|
|
1 |
| Kunjen |
No |
|
113 |
|
|
0 |
| WesternTorres |
yes? |
|
K85a 108 |
|
|
1 |
| Wakaya |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yindjilindji |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bandjalang |
No |
|
94 |
|
|
0 |
| Ngaatjatjara |
No |
|
122 |
|
|
0 |
| Arrernte |
No |
|
271 |
|
|
0 |
| Kokatha |
No |
|
38 |
|
|
0 |
| Karajarri |
No |
|
216 |
|
|
0 |
| Pitjantjatjara |
No |
|
G 236 |
|
|
0 |
| Ritharrngu |
No |
|
71 |
|
|
0 |
| Warrgamay |
No |
|
52-9 |
|
|
0 |
| Warluwarra |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Warnman |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Djapu |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bilinarra |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Wiradjuri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Aghu-Tharnggala |
No |
|
70 |
|
|
0 |
| Narungga |
No info |
|
74 |
|
|
x |
| Tharrkari |
No |
|
31 |
|
|
0 |
| Wajarri |
No |
|
96 |
|
|
0 |
| Warungu |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Adnyamathanha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yagua |
no info |
|
Payne and Payne 1990 |
|
|
|
| Baniwa |
yes |
counter-expective -tʃaa |
Ramirez 2001:262 |
|
|
|
