| Cahuilla |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Serrano |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Timbisha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Shoshone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Comanche |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Idaho Shoshone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Achagua |
no info |
|
Wilson & Levinsohn 1992 |
|
|
|
| Resígaro |
yes |
|
Allin, 1976: 337 |
|
|
|
| Bare |
no |
|
Aikhenvald, 1995: 33 |
|
|
|
| Piapoco |
yes |
|
Galindo, 2002: 321 |
|
|
|
| Yukuna |
no |
|
Shauer & Shauer, 1978: p. 42 |
|
|
|
| Yavitero |
no |
|
Mosonyi, 1987: p. 66-69 |
|
|
|
| Wapishana |
no |
|
Santos 2006: 169 |
|
|
|
| Wayuu |
no |
|
Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 800 |
|
|
|
| Tariana |
yes |
Clitic, usually on main verb. |
Aikhenvald, 2003: 380 |
|
|
|
| Apurinã |
yes |
Facundes calls this anti-perfective/"almost" marking, to indicate that some event almost happened. |
Facundes, 2000: 315 |
|
|
|
| Asheninka Apurucayali |
yes |
|
Payne 1983:12 |
|
|
|
| Maipure |
no |
|
Zamponi 2003:37-47 |
|
|
|
| Yanesha' |
no |
|
Duff-Tripp 1997:69-124 |
|
|
|
| Kinikinau |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Baure |
no info |
|
Danielsen 2007 |
|
|
|
| Nanti |
yes |
|
Michael, 2008. p. 275 |
|
|
|
| Paresi |
yes |
|
Brandão 2010:48 |
|
|
|
| Palikur |
no |
|
Launey 2003 |
|
|
|
| Yine |
yes |
|
Matteson 1965:70-81 |
|
|
|
| Añun |
no info |
no discussion of mood |
Patte 1989 |
|
|
|
| Bora |
yes |
|
Seifart - 2005:61; Thiesen - 1996:71 |
|
|
|
| Makiritare |
no |
|
Hall 1988: 336 |
|
|
|
| Makushi |
no |
|
Abbott 1991: 117-122 |
|
|
|
| Eñepa |
no |
|
Payne 2012 |
|
|
|
| Pemon |
no |
|
de Armellada 1999: 121 to 136 |
|
|
|
| Guna |
no |
|
Smith texts |
|
|
|
| Naso |
yes |
particle |
Quesada 2000 |
|
|
|
| Ika |
no |
|
Frank 1985:60-104 |
|
|
|
| Kogi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cabecar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Guaymí |
no |
|
Quesada 2008:99-146 |
|
|
|
| Damana |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Sikuani |
yes |
Not an affix. |
Queixalós - 2000:20 |
|
|
|
| Macaguan |
no info |
|
Buenaventura 1993 |
|
|
|
| Aguaruna |
yes |
|
Overall 2007:384 |
|
|
|
| Northern Emberá |
no |
|
Mortensen 1999:59-88 |
|
Catío |
|
| Waorani |
yes |
|
Peeke 1973:18, 39 |
|
|
|
| Ingá |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Matses |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Mapudungun |
no |
|
Zúñiga 2006, p.102-94 |
|
|
|
| Páez |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Quechua Ayacuchano |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Tikuna |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Urarina |
no |
There is a clitc marking frustration |
Olawsky:509 |
|
|
|
| Waunana |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Andoke |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Puinave |
yes |
person marker-FRUS-Verb |
Giron 2008: p271 |
|
|
|
| Central Aymara |
no |
|
Huayhua Pari 2001: 135 to 140 |
|
|
|
| Kakua |
yes |
|
Bolaños fieldnotes |
|
|
|
| Kaingang |
no |
not likely |
Silva 2011/Goncalves 2011 |
|
|
|
| Minica Witoto |
no |
not indicated/expected |
Minor and Minor 1982. p.101-102 |
|
|
|
| Hup |
yes |
|
Epps 2008 |
|
|
|
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect |
yes |
|
Weir 1984 |
|
|
|
| Dâw |
yes |
|
Martins 2004 |
|
|
|
| Desano |
yes |
|
Miller 1999, p. 81 |
|
|
|
| Cubeo |
yes |
also an optative frustrative |
Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 28 |
|
|
|
| Kotiria |
yes |
|
Stenzel 2004, p. 313 |
|
|
|
| Makuna |
yes |
|
Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.64 |
|
|
|
| Koreguaje |
yes |
|
Cook & Criswell 1993, p.77 |
|
|
|
| Barasano |
no |
|
Jones & Jones 1991, p.91 |
|
The tenses of conjecture with -boo (subjunctive) to express the subj. mood, i.e., that which would have occurred but did not for some reason. |
|
| Tanimuca |
yes |
The modal -kope(contra-expectation) indicates a situation where the expected result of some proposition is frustrated and does not occur. |
Strom 1992, p.82-83 |
|
|
|
| Siona |
yes |
|
Wheeler - 1970:93 |
|
|
|
| Tukano |
yes |
|
Ramirez 1997: 156-157 |
|
|
|
| Yanomami |
yes |
occurs directly before the verb root |
Ramirez 1994: 160 |
|
|
|
| Ninam |
no info |
|
Goodwin-Gomez |
|
|
|
| Sanumá |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Surui |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Karitiana |
no |
|
Everett 2006:223-95 |
|
|
|
| Nheengatu |
no info |
|
Cruz 2011:358 |
|
|
|
| Paraguayan Guaraní |
no |
There is a verbal suffix marking "frustration" |
Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:97 |
|
|
|
| Aché |
yes |
It seeems to be a verbal suffix |
Susnik 1974:79 |
|
|
|
| Kokama |
no |
|
Vallejos 2010 |
|
|
|
| Nyangumarta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Jingulu |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Wambaya |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bunuba |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Walmajarri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nyulnyul |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Warrwa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Worrorra |
yes |
|
74 |
|
|
1 |
| Garrwa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Gooniyandi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Warlpiri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bardi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yugambeh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yorta Yorta |
no |
|
83 |
|
|
0 |
| Yir Yoront |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yindjibarndi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yidiny |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yanyuwa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yandruwandha |
no |
|
74 |
|
|
0 |
| Yan-nhangu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yalarnnga |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Woiwurrung |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Wirangu |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Wemba-Wemba |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Warumungu |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Wangkumara |
no |
|
39 |
|
|
0 |
| Uradhi |
No |
|
363 |
|
|
0 |
| Paakantyi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Pitta-Pitta |
No |
|
201 |
|
|
0 |
| Pintupi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nyungar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nhanta |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Ngiyambaa |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Ngayawang |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Muruwari |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Mpakwithi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mayi-Yapi |
No |
|
55-60 |
|
|
0 |
| Martuthunira |
yes |
|
151-152 |
|
|
1 |
| Marrgany |
No |
|
319 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuuk Thaayorre |
No |
|
66 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuku Yalanji |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Kugu-Nganhcara |
No |
|
406 |
|
|
0 |
| Kaurna |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Kalkatungu |
yes |
|
97 |
|
|
1 |
| Jaru |
yes |
|
205 |
|
|
1 |
| Guugu-Yimidhirr |
No |
|
80 |
|
|
0 |
| Gureng Gureng |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Gupapuyngu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gumbaynggirr |
no |
|
300, 314-5 |
|
|
0 |
| Gugu-Badhun |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yuwaalaraay |
No info |
|
59 |
|
|
x |
| Dyirbal |
No |
|
119 |
|
|
0 |
| Duungidjawu |
no |
|
70 |
|
|
0 |
| Djinang |
No |
|
167 |
|
|
0 |
| Djabugay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Diyari |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Dharuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dharawal |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Darkinyung |
no |
|
47 |
|
|
0 |
| Bularnu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Biri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bidjara-Gungabula |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Batyala |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Arabana |
yes |
|
238 |
|
|
1 |
| Alyawarr |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Nyikina |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yawuru |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ngarinyin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yulparija |
No |
|
39 |
|
|
0 |
| Wathawurrung |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Mathi-Mathi |
no |
|
99 |
|
|
0 |
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie |
maybe |
|
76 |
|
|
1 |
| Thanggati |
no |
|
42-50 |
|
|
0 |
| Katthang |
no |
|
80-81 |
|
|
0 |
| Panyjima |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Ngarinyeri |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Kurrama |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yingkarta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Githabul |
No |
|
24 |
|
|
0 |
| Gunya |
No |
|
329 |
|
|
0 |
| Kunjen |
No |
|
113 |
|
|
0 |
| WesternTorres |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Wakaya |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yindjilindji |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bandjalang |
No |
|
94 |
|
|
0 |
| Ngaatjatjara |
No |
|
80 |
|
|
0 |
| Arrernte |
No |
|
397 |
|
|
0 |
| Kokatha |
No |
|
28 |
|
|
0 |
| Karajarri |
Yes |
|
282 |
|
|
1 |
| Pitjantjatjara |
No |
|
Y 8 |
|
|
0 |
| Ritharrngu |
Yes |
|
94 |
|
|
1 |
| Warrgamay |
Yes |
|
82 |
|
|
1 |
| Warluwarra |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Warnman |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Djapu |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bilinarra |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Wiradjuri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Aghu-Tharnggala |
No |
|
70 |
|
|
0 |
| Narungga |
No info |
|
74 |
|
|
x |
| Tharrkari |
No |
|
31 |
|
|
0 |
| Wajarri |
No |
|
96 |
|
|
0 |
| Warungu |
no |
|
271 |
|
|
0 |
| Adnyamathanha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yagua |
yes |
|
Payne and Payne 1990:403 |
|
|
|
| Baniwa |
yes |
=tha |
Ramirez 2001 |
|
|
|
